Organs Immune System 1
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The document discusses the organs of the immune system. It describes primary lymphoid organs like the thymus, where T cells mature, and bursa of Fabricius, where B cells mature in birds. Secondary lymphoid organs include lymph nodes and Peyer's patches in the intestine, which contain follicles where B and T cells interact with antigens and mount immune responses. Lymphocytes circulate between the blood, secondary lymphoid organs, and sites of infection or inflammation.
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VIRUSES CLASSIFICATION , LIFE CYCLE OF VIRUSES. CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUSES
VIRUSES
LIFE CYCLE OF BACTERIOPHAGES
The word virus is derived from Latin word venom which means poisonous fluid that causes infection.
The branch of science that deals with the study of viruses is called Virology. It is the branch of Microbiology.
They show living characters inside the host and non living characters outside the host.
They contain either DNA or RNA as genetic material.
They have different size and shape. They cause diseases in plants, animals and micro-organisms .
Not cellular
Cannot carry on metabolic activities independently.
Contain either DNA or RNA, not both ( true cells contain both ).
Lack ribosomes and enzymes necessary for protein synthesis.
Reproduce only within cells they infect.
CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES
Holmes, in 1948, proposed a simple system of classifying viruses based on the type of cell (host) they infect:
Phytophagineae: They infect plants and they RNA as their genetic material. Eg: TMV,CaMV.
Zoophagineae: They infect animals and they have mostly DNA as their genetic material. Eg: Polio virus.
Pagineae: They infect bacterial cells, called bacteriophages they usually have DNA as genetic material.
Based on the viral envelope
Named after David Baltimore, a noble prize winning biologist n 1971.
1. dsDNA viruses Eg: Adenoviruses, Herpiviruses.
2. ssDNA viruses Eg: Paravoviruses.
3. dsRNA viruses Eg: Reoviruses.
4. (+)ssRNA viruses Eg: Picornaviruses.
5. (-)ssRNA viruses Eg: Orthomyxoviruses.
6. ssRNA-RT viruses Eg: Retroviruses.
7. dsDNA-RT viruses Eg: Hepadnaviruses.
Tobacco mosaic:
Causative agent: Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Symptoms: The leaves of infected plants develop mosaic patches ,it is due to destruction of chlorophyll or due to production of abnormal chlorophyll .blisters appear in the region of dark green spots these may be regular or irregular in advanced stages leaves curl and get distorted.
Adsorption of the virion to the bacterial cell.
Penetration and decoating of the nucleic acid .
Protein synthesis.
Breakdown of bacterial DNA.
Arrest of host cell development.
Replication of phage DNA.
Maturation of infective progeny.
Lysis and release of newly formed phages.
Holmes, in 1948, proposed a simple system of classifying viruses based on the type of cell (host) they infect:
Phytophagineae: They infect plants and they RNA as their genetic material. Eg: TMV,CaMV.
Zoophagineae: They infect animals and they have mostly DNA as their genetic material. Eg: Polio virus.
Pagineae: They infect bacterial cells, called bacteriophages they usually have DNA as genetic material.
Lymphoid organs ppt
The document discusses the lymphoid organs of the immune system. It describes the bone marrow and thymus as the primary lymphoid organs, where lymphocytes develop and mature. The bone marrow is the site of generation for all blood cells including B lymphocytes, and is where B cell maturation occurs. The thymus is the site of T cell maturation and selection. Secondary lymphoid organs include the lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, which harbor mature lymphocytes.
Viral classification and Types of Replication in virus
Precise presentation on Viral classification and Types of replication in Virus.
Entry of virus
Spread of virus
General steps in a virus replication cycle
Attachment, Penetration, Uncoating, Multiplication
Multiplication of Single-Stranded RNA (ss RNA) Viruses
Multiplication of Double-Stranded RNA (ds RNA) Viruses
Multiplication of Single-Stranded DNA (ss DNA) Viruses
Multiplication of Double-Stranded DNA (ds DNA) Viruses
Release of new virions
Common viral diseases of Bovines
Tissue culture and virology (cpe, plaque assay)
Tissue and cell culture techniques allow viruses to be isolated and grown in vitro. Viruses are cultured by inoculating clinical specimens into various cell lines and monitoring for cytopathic effects that indicate viral infection. Identification of viral isolates is based on the type of cytopathic effects observed and can be confirmed through immunoassays or plaque assays, which involve counting viral plaques to determine viral titers. Proper transport and processing of clinical samples as well as optimized cell culture conditions are important for successful viral isolation.
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis is the movement of bacteria and microbes toward or away from chemicals in their environment. There are two types: positive chemotaxis involves moving toward nutrients or food, while negative chemotaxis moves away from toxins. Bacteria use chemotaxis to find food sources by sensing chemical gradients in the rhizosphere, the area around plant roots. The phenomenon was first observed microscopically in the late 1800s and research has since uncovered the mechanisms that allow bacteria like E. coli to detect chemicals and navigate chemotactic gradients. Chemotaxis plays an important role in soil bacteria finding nutrients from root exudates and forming symbiotic relationships with plants.
Hematopoiesis (Immunology)
the presentation tells you about hematopoiesis which is the process of formation of blood cells i.e. RBC’S, WBC’S and platelets is called as hematopoiesis and the sites where it occurs are known as hematopoietic tissues or organs.
Cells of immune system
This document discusses the different types of immune cells. It describes lymphocytes including B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. It also discusses mononuclear phagocytes such as monocytes and macrophages. Granulocytic cells including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are also covered. The document concludes by briefly mentioning mast cells, dendritic cells, and follicular dendritic cells.
Organs of the Immune system
Immune system consists of two organs primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
1-Primary (Central) lymphoid organs.
2-Secondary (Peripheral) lymphoid organs.
1-Thymus Gland.
2-Bone Marrow.
They consist of ….
Spleen.
Lymph nodes.
Mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue.
The sites of immune cell birth and the locations where they mature are considered primary lymphatic organs.
Locations in the body where immune cells become activated, reside, or carry out their functions are called secondary lymphatic organs
Recommended
VIRUSES CLASSIFICATION , LIFE CYCLE OF VIRUSES. CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUSES
VIRUSES
LIFE CYCLE OF BACTERIOPHAGES
The word virus is derived from Latin word venom which means poisonous fluid that causes infection.
The branch of science that deals with the study of viruses is called Virology. It is the branch of Microbiology.
They show living characters inside the host and non living characters outside the host.
They contain either DNA or RNA as genetic material.
They have different size and shape. They cause diseases in plants, animals and micro-organisms .
Not cellular
Cannot carry on metabolic activities independently.
Contain either DNA or RNA, not both ( true cells contain both ).
Lack ribosomes and enzymes necessary for protein synthesis.
Reproduce only within cells they infect.
CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES
Holmes, in 1948, proposed a simple system of classifying viruses based on the type of cell (host) they infect:
Phytophagineae: They infect plants and they RNA as their genetic material. Eg: TMV,CaMV.
Zoophagineae: They infect animals and they have mostly DNA as their genetic material. Eg: Polio virus.
Pagineae: They infect bacterial cells, called bacteriophages they usually have DNA as genetic material.
Based on the viral envelope
Named after David Baltimore, a noble prize winning biologist n 1971.
1. dsDNA viruses Eg: Adenoviruses, Herpiviruses.
2. ssDNA viruses Eg: Paravoviruses.
3. dsRNA viruses Eg: Reoviruses.
4. (+)ssRNA viruses Eg: Picornaviruses.
5. (-)ssRNA viruses Eg: Orthomyxoviruses.
6. ssRNA-RT viruses Eg: Retroviruses.
7. dsDNA-RT viruses Eg: Hepadnaviruses.
Tobacco mosaic:
Causative agent: Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Symptoms: The leaves of infected plants develop mosaic patches ,it is due to destruction of chlorophyll or due to production of abnormal chlorophyll .blisters appear in the region of dark green spots these may be regular or irregular in advanced stages leaves curl and get distorted.
Adsorption of the virion to the bacterial cell.
Penetration and decoating of the nucleic acid .
Protein synthesis.
Breakdown of bacterial DNA.
Arrest of host cell development.
Replication of phage DNA.
Maturation of infective progeny.
Lysis and release of newly formed phages.
Holmes, in 1948, proposed a simple system of classifying viruses based on the type of cell (host) they infect:
Phytophagineae: They infect plants and they RNA as their genetic material. Eg: TMV,CaMV.
Zoophagineae: They infect animals and they have mostly DNA as their genetic material. Eg: Polio virus.
Pagineae: They infect bacterial cells, called bacteriophages they usually have DNA as genetic material.
Lymphoid organs ppt
The document discusses the lymphoid organs of the immune system. It describes the bone marrow and thymus as the primary lymphoid organs, where lymphocytes develop and mature. The bone marrow is the site of generation for all blood cells including B lymphocytes, and is where B cell maturation occurs. The thymus is the site of T cell maturation and selection. Secondary lymphoid organs include the lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, which harbor mature lymphocytes.
Viral classification and Types of Replication in virus
Precise presentation on Viral classification and Types of replication in Virus.
Entry of virus
Spread of virus
General steps in a virus replication cycle
Attachment, Penetration, Uncoating, Multiplication
Multiplication of Single-Stranded RNA (ss RNA) Viruses
Multiplication of Double-Stranded RNA (ds RNA) Viruses
Multiplication of Single-Stranded DNA (ss DNA) Viruses
Multiplication of Double-Stranded DNA (ds DNA) Viruses
Release of new virions
Common viral diseases of Bovines
Tissue culture and virology (cpe, plaque assay)
Tissue and cell culture techniques allow viruses to be isolated and grown in vitro. Viruses are cultured by inoculating clinical specimens into various cell lines and monitoring for cytopathic effects that indicate viral infection. Identification of viral isolates is based on the type of cytopathic effects observed and can be confirmed through immunoassays or plaque assays, which involve counting viral plaques to determine viral titers. Proper transport and processing of clinical samples as well as optimized cell culture conditions are important for successful viral isolation.
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis is the movement of bacteria and microbes toward or away from chemicals in their environment. There are two types: positive chemotaxis involves moving toward nutrients or food, while negative chemotaxis moves away from toxins. Bacteria use chemotaxis to find food sources by sensing chemical gradients in the rhizosphere, the area around plant roots. The phenomenon was first observed microscopically in the late 1800s and research has since uncovered the mechanisms that allow bacteria like E. coli to detect chemicals and navigate chemotactic gradients. Chemotaxis plays an important role in soil bacteria finding nutrients from root exudates and forming symbiotic relationships with plants.
Hematopoiesis (Immunology)
the presentation tells you about hematopoiesis which is the process of formation of blood cells i.e. RBC’S, WBC’S and platelets is called as hematopoiesis and the sites where it occurs are known as hematopoietic tissues or organs.
Cells of immune system
This document discusses the different types of immune cells. It describes lymphocytes including B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. It also discusses mononuclear phagocytes such as monocytes and macrophages. Granulocytic cells including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are also covered. The document concludes by briefly mentioning mast cells, dendritic cells, and follicular dendritic cells.
Organs of the Immune system
Immune system consists of two organs primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
1-Primary (Central) lymphoid organs.
2-Secondary (Peripheral) lymphoid organs.
1-Thymus Gland.
2-Bone Marrow.
They consist of ….
Spleen.
Lymph nodes.
Mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue.
The sites of immune cell birth and the locations where they mature are considered primary lymphatic organs.
Locations in the body where immune cells become activated, reside, or carry out their functions are called secondary lymphatic organs
T cell development, maturation, activation and differentiation
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B cell generation-activation_and_differentiation
B cells develop through several stages:
1) Generation in the bone marrow or fetal liver
2) Activation in the lymph nodes through interaction with antigens and T cells
3) Differentiation into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies, or memory B cells
The key events in B cell activation and differentiation are Ig gene rearrangement, affinity maturation through somatic hypermutation, class switch recombination, and formation of plasma cells and memory cells mediated by AID and specific cytokines in germinal centers. B cells can be activated through T cell dependent or independent pathways.
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Viruses replicate inside host cells by first attaching to and entering the cell. They then release their genome and use the host cell's machinery to produce new viral components. The virus assembles inside the cell and is released, either through cell lysis or budding, to infect new host cells. Key steps in the viral replication cycle include attachment, entry, genome release, replication, assembly, and exit from the host cell.
Bacterial cell wall synthesis
This document discusses the structure and synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It begins by outlining the contents which include the structure of peptidoglycan, its synthesis, the role of the cytoskeleton, patterns of cell wall synthesis, and the significance of peptidoglycan cell walls. It then goes into more detail on the ultrastructure of gram positive and gram negative cell walls, the synthesis of peptidoglycan subunits, transpeptidation reactions, and how the cytoskeleton controls cell shape through cell wall synthesis. Patterns of new cell wall growth in different bacteria are also described. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of the peptidoglycan cell wall for bacterial growth, shape, and protection
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The bacterial cell has a small size between 0.5-2um and lacks membrane-bound organelles. It possesses a cell wall, plasma membrane, circular DNA located in the nucleoid region, ribosomes, and can contain inclusion bodies. The cell wall structure differs between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with gram-positives having a thick peptidoglycan layer and gram-negatives having an additional outer membrane. Some bacteria possess appendages like flagella, pili, or fimbriae and structures like endospores, capsules, or S-layers may also be present outside the cell wall.
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10 - Innate Immunity
Innate immunity provides the first line of defense against pathogens and includes physical, chemical, and cellular barriers. Physical barriers include intact skin and mucous membranes. Chemical barriers include sebum, sweat, stomach acid, and antimicrobial substances. Cellular barriers are comprised of phagocytes that ingest and destroy pathogens. Additional innate immune responses include inflammation, fever, and antimicrobial substances released during infection. Together, these nonspecific defenses provide rapid protection against pathogens until the adaptive immune response can mount an antigen-specific response with memory.
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A pilus (Latin for 'hair'; plural: pili) is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria and archaea.[1] The terms pilus and fimbria (Latin for 'fringe'; plural: fimbriae) can be used interchangeably, although some researchers reserve the term pilus for the appendage required for bacterial conjugation. All pili in the latter sense are primarily composed of pilin proteins, which are oligomeric.
FOLLOW US ON YOUTUBE # BIOTECH SIMPLIFIED #
Bacteriophage
Viruses that infect bacteria.
Occur widely in nature in close association with bacteria.
Readily isolated from faeces, sewage and other natural sources.
Tadpole shaped, with hexagonal head and a cylindrical tail.
Head consists of a tightly packed core of ds DNA surrounded by a protein coat or capsid.
The tail composed of a contractile sheath surrounding the hollow core
Terminal base plate having prongs or tail fibres attached.
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The presentation consists of 57 slides,describes following heads
• DISCOVERY
• INTRODUCTION
• BIOGENESIS OF ER
• ISOLATION OF MICROSOMES FROM E R
• STRUCTURE
• COMPONENTS OF ER
CISTERNAE
VESICLES
TUBULES
• MAIN FUNCTION OF ER
• TYPES OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (SER)
• FUNCTIONS OF SER
• ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (RER)
• FUNCTIONS OF RER
• SUMMARY
• REFERENCES
• QUESTIONS
Chicken Anatomy & Physiology
An overview of the internal organs of the female chicken is shown in figures and number of different systems are represented and they will be discussed individually.Contents:
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Skeletal system
Muscle system
Reproductive system - female
Reproductive system - male
Circulatory system
Nervous system
Excretory system
Immune system
An overview of the internal organs of the female chicken is shown in Figure 3.1. A
number of different systems are represented and they will be discussed individually.
Cells and organs of immune system
The immune system contains both cells and tissues. The main cells are lymphocytes, including B cells, T cells, and NK cells. Accessory cells help the immune response, such as macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Primary lymphoid organs develop lymphocytes, including the bone marrow, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius. Secondary lymphoid organs contain mature lymphocytes and allow them to encounter antigens, such as the spleen, lymph nodes, skin, and mucosa. Together, cells and tissues work cooperatively to recognize foreign substances and mount an immune response.
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This presentation is a part of Anna University B.Tech Biotechnology Semester 6 BT6602 Immunology syllabus Unit 2Peroxisomes
This presentation summarizes key information about peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that contain oxidase enzymes and help breakdown hydrogen peroxide. They have a dense matrix and participate in important functions like fatty acid breakdown, alcohol detoxification, and bile acid/cholesterol synthesis. Disorders can arise if single peroxisomal enzymes are abnormal, affecting the nervous system, liver, and other organs. Two examples given are adrenoleukodystrophy, which involves VLCFA metabolism, and Zellweger's syndrome, caused by a lack of functional peroxisomes due to mutations affecting transport of enzymes.
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In this slide we explain the reproduction in Bacteria. here we explain the two basic types of reproduction briefly with their types. i,e
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Presentation of-immunoregulation-full-research
This document discusses immunoregulation and the various mechanisms that regulate immune responses. It describes how regulatory mechanisms act at all phases of the immune response, including recognition, activation, and effector function. Cytokines and regulatory T cells are highlighted as key regulators that can either stimulate or inhibit immune responses. The role of genetic factors in influencing immunoregulation is also summarized, noting genes related to immunoglobulins, T-cell receptors, and MHC complexes.
Cilia and flagella
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Leukocyte trafficking
Lymphocyte recirculation
Cell adhesion molecules
Chemokines
Extravasation
Lymphocyte trafficking
a. Naive lymphocyte recirculation
b. Effector and memory cell trafficking
Endocytosis
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B cell generation-activation_and_differentiation
B cells develop through several stages:
1) Generation in the bone marrow or fetal liver
2) Activation in the lymph nodes through interaction with antigens and T cells
3) Differentiation into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies, or memory B cells
The key events in B cell activation and differentiation are Ig gene rearrangement, affinity maturation through somatic hypermutation, class switch recombination, and formation of plasma cells and memory cells mediated by AID and specific cytokines in germinal centers. B cells can be activated through T cell dependent or independent pathways.
Endocytosis exocytosis
endocytosis and exocytosis is a procss of cell eating and drinnking. it is a mazor tool for self defence to an individual cell. there are some molecular mechanism for this process described in given notes.
Innate immunity
Immunology . classification of immunology. terminology of immunology. detail description of innate immunity. classification of innate immunity. Barrier of innate immune system, immune responses , cellular innate response receptors and signaling , PAMPS and DAMPS, Toll like receptors, Phagocytosis , cellular components of innate immunity, innate lymphoid cells, complement pathways, Mannose binding lecthin pathway, alternative pathway, inflammations, process of inflammations, fever mechanism , factor affecting innate systems, defects in innate immunity, deficiency in innate immunity, disease therapy
Dna replication in virus ppt
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Bacterial cell wall synthesis
This document discusses the structure and synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It begins by outlining the contents which include the structure of peptidoglycan, its synthesis, the role of the cytoskeleton, patterns of cell wall synthesis, and the significance of peptidoglycan cell walls. It then goes into more detail on the ultrastructure of gram positive and gram negative cell walls, the synthesis of peptidoglycan subunits, transpeptidation reactions, and how the cytoskeleton controls cell shape through cell wall synthesis. Patterns of new cell wall growth in different bacteria are also described. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of the peptidoglycan cell wall for bacterial growth, shape, and protection
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Presentation on Lymphoid organ were covers specific topic of Immunology.
Me with my group presented during M.Sc. in GGU
Ultra structure of a bacterial cell
The bacterial cell has a small size between 0.5-2um and lacks membrane-bound organelles. It possesses a cell wall, plasma membrane, circular DNA located in the nucleoid region, ribosomes, and can contain inclusion bodies. The cell wall structure differs between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with gram-positives having a thick peptidoglycan layer and gram-negatives having an additional outer membrane. Some bacteria possess appendages like flagella, pili, or fimbriae and structures like endospores, capsules, or S-layers may also be present outside the cell wall.
Innate immunity lecture
The document summarizes key aspects of innate immunity. It discusses physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as cells and proteins involved in innate immunity. Cells discussed include phagocytes like macrophages and neutrophils, which kill microbes via phagocytosis and release of enzymes, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide. Proteins of the complement system and acute phase proteins are also summarized. The roles of fever, interferons, and tumor necrosis factors in the innate immune response are briefly described.
10 - Innate Immunity
Innate immunity provides the first line of defense against pathogens and includes physical, chemical, and cellular barriers. Physical barriers include intact skin and mucous membranes. Chemical barriers include sebum, sweat, stomach acid, and antimicrobial substances. Cellular barriers are comprised of phagocytes that ingest and destroy pathogens. Additional innate immune responses include inflammation, fever, and antimicrobial substances released during infection. Together, these nonspecific defenses provide rapid protection against pathogens until the adaptive immune response can mount an antigen-specific response with memory.
Bcterial ultrastructure all
This document summarizes the structure and morphology of bacterial cells. It discusses that bacteria are unicellular and microscopic, between 0.4-1.5 micrometers in size. Bacteria have characteristic shapes including cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirals. They contain DNA, RNA, ribosomes, and in some cases plasmids and mesosomes. Bacteria have a cell wall, plasma membrane, flagella or pili for motility, and may contain a capsule or endospores. The cell wall structure differs between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Fimbriae and pili
A fimbria (Latin for 'fringe', plural fimbriae), also referred to as an "attachment pilus" by some scientists, is an appendage that can be found on many Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria, that is thinner and shorter than a flagellum. This appendage ranges from 3–10 nanometers in diameter and can be up to several micrometers long. Fimbriae are used by bacteria to adhere to one another and to adhere to animal cells and some inanimate objects. A bacterium can have as many as 1,000 fimbriae. Fimbriae are only visible with the use of an electron microscope. They may be straight or flexible.
A pilus (Latin for 'hair'; plural: pili) is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria and archaea.[1] The terms pilus and fimbria (Latin for 'fringe'; plural: fimbriae) can be used interchangeably, although some researchers reserve the term pilus for the appendage required for bacterial conjugation. All pili in the latter sense are primarily composed of pilin proteins, which are oligomeric.
FOLLOW US ON YOUTUBE # BIOTECH SIMPLIFIED #
Bacteriophage
Viruses that infect bacteria.
Occur widely in nature in close association with bacteria.
Readily isolated from faeces, sewage and other natural sources.
Tadpole shaped, with hexagonal head and a cylindrical tail.
Head consists of a tightly packed core of ds DNA surrounded by a protein coat or capsid.
The tail composed of a contractile sheath surrounding the hollow core
Terminal base plate having prongs or tail fibres attached.
Structure and functions of endoplasmic reticulum
The presentation consists of 57 slides,describes following heads
• DISCOVERY
• INTRODUCTION
• BIOGENESIS OF ER
• ISOLATION OF MICROSOMES FROM E R
• STRUCTURE
• COMPONENTS OF ER
CISTERNAE
VESICLES
TUBULES
• MAIN FUNCTION OF ER
• TYPES OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (SER)
• FUNCTIONS OF SER
• ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (RER)
• FUNCTIONS OF RER
• SUMMARY
• REFERENCES
• QUESTIONS
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T cell development, maturation, activation and differentiation
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Chicken Anatomy & Physiology
An overview of the internal organs of the female chicken is shown in figures and number of different systems are represented and they will be discussed individually.Contents:
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Skeletal system
Muscle system
Reproductive system - female
Reproductive system - male
Circulatory system
Nervous system
Excretory system
Immune system
An overview of the internal organs of the female chicken is shown in Figure 3.1. A
number of different systems are represented and they will be discussed individually.
Cells and organs of immune system
The immune system contains both cells and tissues. The main cells are lymphocytes, including B cells, T cells, and NK cells. Accessory cells help the immune response, such as macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Primary lymphoid organs develop lymphocytes, including the bone marrow, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius. Secondary lymphoid organs contain mature lymphocytes and allow them to encounter antigens, such as the spleen, lymph nodes, skin, and mucosa. Together, cells and tissues work cooperatively to recognize foreign substances and mount an immune response.
ORGANS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS
The document summarizes the primary and secondary lymphoid organs of the immune system. The primary lymphoid organs, such as the bone marrow and thymus, are where lymphocytes mature and develop. The secondary lymphoid organs, including lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), trap antigens and activate lymphocytes. In these organs, B cells are activated, differentiate into plasma cells, and secrete antibodies to help fight infection.
Organs of the immune system
The document summarizes the key organs of the immune system. It describes the thymus and bone marrow as the primary lymphoid organs where lymphocyte maturation occurs. The lymph nodes, spleen, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and skin-associated lymphoid tissues are described as the secondary lymphoid organs that trap antigens and allow immune cell interaction. The document also provides examples of how disruption or aging of the primary lymphoid organs like the thymus can impair immune function.
Cells & organs ofthe immune system
The document summarizes key aspects of the immune system. It describes how the immune system is made up of cells that develop in primary lymphoid organs like the bone marrow and thymus. Mature cells then travel to secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes and spleen. These organs contain various white blood cells that participate in immune responses, developing from hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow through processes like apoptosis and regulation by genes and cytokines.
Cells and organs of the immune system
The document summarizes the cells and organs of the immune system. It describes how hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow give rise to myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells. These progenitor cells then differentiate into various immune cells including granulocytes, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, and others. It also outlines the primary and secondary lymphoid organs including the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and mucosal tissues that support the development and activation of immune cells.
Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Organs
The document summarizes primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Primary lymphoid organs include the thymus and bone marrow, where lymphocytes develop and mature. Secondary lymphoid organs include the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, and Peyer's patches, where antigens are exposed to mature lymphocytes to initiate adaptive immune responses.
Organs of the immune system
Organs of immune system,Thymus, Bone marrow, Lymph nodes, Spleen, Tonsils, Appendix and peyer`s patches,Lymph Tissues
Structure and Functions of the Immune System
The document discusses the structure and functions of the immune system. It describes the central lymphoid organs as the thymus and bursa of Fabricius, which educate lymphocytes. The peripheral lymphoid organs include the spleen, lymph nodes, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), which filter pathogens and allow proliferation and local antigen stimulation of lymphocytes. The thymus educates T cells, while the bursa of Fabricius is responsible for B cell education in birds.
Lymphoid organs
Lymphoid organs are sites where immune cells develop and immune responses are initiated. There are two types of lymphoid organs: primary organs where lymphocytes originate and mature, including the bone marrow and thymus; and secondary organs where acquired immune responses occur, including lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). In primary organs, T cells mature in the thymus after originating in the bone marrow, while B cells develop and mature in the bone marrow. Secondary organs initiate immune responses through interactions between T and B cells in follicles and T cell regions, leading to antibody production and the activation of B and T cells.
Structure and functions of immune system
The immune system consists of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. The primary lymphoid organs, bone marrow and thymus, are responsible for the development and maturation of lymphocytes. The thymus matures T cells while the bone marrow matures B cells. Once matured, lymphocytes migrate to secondary lymphoid organs where they encounter antigens and initiate an immune response. Secondary lymphoid organs include lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.
Lymphoid Organs
This document summarizes several lymphoid organs and tissues. It describes lymphoid tissue as connective tissue rich in lymphocytes with either a free or encapsulated structure. Lymph nodes are described as filtering particles and microorganisms from lymph and activating immune responses through interaction with lymphocytes. The spleen is summarized as the largest lymphoid structure, filtering blood and producing activated lymphocytes. Tonsils are located in the mouth and throat and contain lymph nodules and germinal centers to encounter antigens entering through these areas. The thymus is also briefly mentioned.
cells of immune system
The immune system defends the body against viruses, microorganisms, cancer cells, and foreign proteins. It is composed of cells and organs that work together. The lymphoid system includes lymphoid cells like T cells and B cells that originate and mature in primary lymphoid organs like the thymus and bone marrow. Secondary lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes and the spleen, help activate immune cells and filter pathogens from lymph and blood. Together, these cells and organs recognize and eliminate threats to the body.
Cells of immune system
This document discusses the cells of the immune system that are involved in the host response to periodontal pathogens. It describes the main immune cells, including lymphocytes (B cells, T cells, natural killer cells), phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells), mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. It explains the functions of these cells, such as phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and secretion of inflammatory mediators. The document also discusses innate immunity, cell-mediated immunity, and their roles in periodontal disease.
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ORGANS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS
ORGANS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS
Similar to Organs Immune System 1
Cells And Organ of Immune System and Their Functions
This PPT elaborates the cells and organ involved in the immune system. their relative function also has been discussed in detail.
Cells & organs of 1
The document provides an overview of the cells and organs of the immune system. It discusses:
- Primary lymphoid organs that develop lymphocytes
- Secondary lymphoid organs that trap antigens and allow lymphocyte interaction
- Leukocytes (white blood cells) that circulate in blood/lymph and participate in immune responses
- Hematopoiesis, the development of blood cells from stem cells in the bone marrow
chapter2basicimmunologypptsdz20102-190704152355.pdf
The document discusses the cells and organs of the immune system. It describes the primary and secondary lymphoid organs, which include the thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and skin. The primary lymphoid organs are where lymphocytes mature and develop, while the secondary lymphoid organs capture antigens and activate lymphocytes. Key immune cells produced in these organs are T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Together, these organs and cells form the immune system which protects the body from pathogens.
Chapter 2 Basic Immunology ( Cells & Organs)
Chapter 2 Basic Immunology ( Cells & Organs) Stella Maris Polytechnic; Mother Patern College of Health Sciences
This Power Point provides quality information about the cells and organs of the human immune system and how these cell and organs work and coordinate with other organ-system in the body.L1 Immunology.pdf
The document provides an introduction to immunology and outlines key concepts of the immune system. It discusses the cells of the immune system including phagocytes, lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells. The innate immune response is mediated by phagocytes and natural killer cells that recognize pathogens non-specifically. The adaptive immune response involves antigen presentation and the generation of pathogen-specific antibodies and T-cells with memory. Major lymphoid tissues that support immune cell development and response include the bone marrow, thymus, spleen and lymph nodes.
L3 ORGAN OF IMMUNE SYSTEM.pdf
The document summarizes the organs of the immune system. It describes the primary lymphoid organs as the thymus and bone marrow, where lymphocyte maturation occurs. The secondary lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal tissues trap antigens and allow interaction between lymphocytes and antigens. T cells mature in the thymus, while B cells mature in the bone marrow. The immune system organs work together to provide a systemic immune response to infections.
Cells and organs of the immune system.pptx
This document provides an overview of the immune system and its cells. It discusses the origin of immune cells from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. The two main types of immune cells are lymphocytes and granulocytes. Lymphocytes include B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells which develop acquired immunity. Granulocytes such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils contribute to innate immunity. The immune system protects the body through non-specific and specific responses mediated by these cells and their interaction with antigens and cytokines.
Immunology [autosaved]
The document discusses the immune system and opportunistic infections in HIV patients. It notes that opportunistic infections are AIDS-defining events in 75% of HIV cases and eventually occur in virtually all AIDS patients. It lists the most common opportunistic infections, including Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 65% of cases and oral and esophageal herpes infection in 6% of initial cases. The immune system consists of organs like the spleen, tonsils, bone marrow and lymph nodes that produce B and T cells to fight pathogens.
Immunology
This document provides an overview of immunology and the immune system. It discusses the types of immunity, including innate and adaptive immunity. It describes the lymphoid organs such as the thymus and bone marrow that are involved in immune cell development. The major cells of the immune system are described, including mononuclear phagocytes, lymphocytes, and their B cell and T cell subsets. Both humoral and cellular immune responses are summarized. Key terms related to immunology and the immune system are also defined.
CELLS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM
This PowerPoint presentation summarizes the key cells of the immune system. It discusses both innate immune cells like macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, dendritic cells and adaptive immune cells like T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. The presentation describes the origin, function and mechanisms of these important immune cells in defending the body against pathogens.
Alloimmunization of Pregnancy (by Naira Matevosyan)
This document discusses isoimmunization in pregnancy. It covers topics like the immunology of gestation, innate and adaptive immune responses, the development of the fetal immune system, and the management of Rh-sensitized pregnancies. Specifically, it details the nine mandatory conditions for Rh-immunization, describes the fetal inflammatory response syndrome, and provides an algorithm for managing Rh-sensitized pregnancies. It also includes case analyses of relevant malpractice law cases.
Cells of the immune system - immunology by S. Afna
This document provides an overview of the major cells of the immune system, including their origins, functions, and roles in immunity. It discusses innate immune cells like natural killer cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It also examines adaptive immune cells such as T cells, B cells, and NKT cells. The document describes how these cells develop, recognize pathogens, and mount immune responses to protect the body.
محاضرة مناعة immuny organs.pptx
The immune system consists of lymphoid and reticuloendothelial components that are responsible for both specific and nonspecific immunity. The lymphoid tissues are organized into primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Primary organs like the thymus and bone marrow develop lymphocytes. Secondary organs like lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils and Peyer's patches interact with antigens and mature lymphocytes. These organs contain B and T cell areas and mediate both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
chapter-2-immunology.ppt
Hematopoiesis is the process by which all blood cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. These stem cells differentiate into either lymphoid or myeloid progenitor cells. Lymphoid cells develop into B cells, T cells, and NK cells, which are central to the adaptive immune system. Myeloid cells generate red blood cells, platelets, and the various types of white blood cells. The immune system consists of lymphocytes and other white blood cells that circulate in the blood and lymph and reside in lymphoid tissues such as the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. B cells and T cells play major roles in the adaptive immune
Cells of immune system
The document discusses the various cells of the immune system that are involved in defending the body against pathogens. It describes lymphocytes including T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. It also discusses other immune cells such as dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells and their roles. These cells recognize and eliminate pathogens using mechanisms like phagocytosis, antibody production, cytokine secretion and antigen presentation to initiate both innate and adaptive immune responses important for periodontal health.
Cells and organs of immune system converted
Immune system plays an important role in safeguarding the organisms from pathological and allergic invaders. This is a brief presentation of explanation of role cells and organs in the immune mechanism. The slides are all about lymphocytes, phagocytes, monocytes, thymus, spleen, and some WBCs
Functional organization of the Immune System
Lymphocytes are the main cells of the immune system and are responsible for the specific immune response. There are two main types of lymphocytes - T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. T lymphocytes attack invaders directly through cell-mediated immunity, while B lymphocytes produce antibodies and perform antibody-mediated immunity against bacteria. Natural killer cells provide immediate defense against viruses and cancer cells by destroying infected or malignant cells upon first exposure. Monocytes circulate in the blood and differentiate into tissue macrophages that phagocytose pathogens. Dendritic cells present antigens to lymphocytes to initiate immune responses.
Primary Lymphoid organs.
The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ where T cells mature. It contains cortical and medullary regions with different cell types that support T cell development. Immature T cell precursors from the bone marrow enter the thymus and undergo selection processes as they migrate between the regions. Positive selection in the cortex ensures T cells can recognize self-MHC, while negative selection in the medulla eliminates self-reactive T cells. Most immature T cells undergo apoptosis during this process before exiting the thymus as mature single positive T cells.
Immune organs and diseases related to it
Immunity is the ability of body to fight against infections. immune organs are inside our body which provides the site of synthesis of immune cells.
Similar to Organs Immune System 1 (20)
Cells And Organ of Immune System and Their Functions
Cells And Organ of Immune System and Their Functions
chapter2basicimmunologypptsdz20102-190704152355.pdf
chapter2basicimmunologypptsdz20102-190704152355.pdf
Alloimmunization of Pregnancy (by Naira Matevosyan)
Alloimmunization of Pregnancy (by Naira Matevosyan)
Cells of the immune system - immunology by S. Afna
Cells of the immune system - immunology by S. Afna
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20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
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20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 days
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 days
Organs Immune System 1
- 1. THE ORGANS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
- 3. Lymphocytes
- 5. Lymphocytes
- 6. SOURCE OF LYMPHOCYTES Fetus Primary Lymphoid Organs Secondary Lymphoid Organs Adult
- 10. HUMAN THYMUS
- 11. PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGANS THYMUS (T cell maturation) (> lymphocytes) (< lymphocytes)
- 12. The functional thymus consists of two cell populations; the stromal cells and the thymocytes. The stromal cells include (1) the subcapsular epithelial cells; (2) the cortical epithelial cells; (3) the medullary epithelial cells; (4) macrophages; and (5) dendritic cells of bone marrow origin. (From Kierszenbaum AL: Histology and cell biology: an introduction to pathology, St Louis, 2002, Mosby.)
- 13. MHC-dependiente
- 14. Effects of Adult Thymectomy on Immune Response
- 15. CHICKEN THYMUS AND BURSA OF FABRICIUS
- 17. BURSA OF FABRICIUS (B cell maturation) follicle lumen Cortex (lymphocytes, M Ø, plasma cells) medulla
- 18. PEYER’S PATCHES Group I (90% Ileum ) Ruminants, Pigs, Horses, Dogs, Humans. Group II Illeum/Jejunum) Rabbits, Rodents.
- 19. When stimulated by antigen, immunoglobulin A (IgA)-producing B cells are produced in inductive sites, such as the Peyer’s patches.
- 20. The role of M cells as antigen-processing cells in the intestinal wall. Antigen that enters enterocytes is usually rapidly degraded in lysosomes. Antigen that enters M cells is not degraded. It may be presented directly to intraepithelial lymphocytes within the M. Yersinia, M. tuberculosis, Listeria, reovirus , Salmonella.
- 21. Structure of the two different types of Peyer’s patch (PP) in sheep. A, An ileal PP at age 8 weeks. B, A PP from the jejunum, also at 8 weeks. Original magnification ×32. (From Reynolds JD, Morris B: Eur J Immunol 13:631, 1983.)
- 22. SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS LYMPH NODE
- 23. SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS LYMPH NODE
- 24. (B cells) (stimulated) (T cells) (unstimulated) (B cells, macrophages, plasma cells) SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS LYMPH NODE
- 25. SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS LYMPH NODE secondary follicle primary follicle medulla subcapsular sinus dendritic cells
- 35. RP WP B cell follicle PLS Marginal Zone SPLEEN
- 37. SPLEEN
- 38. PERIARTERIOLAR LYMPHOID SHEATS (PALS) B cells T cells arteriole