Oral candidiasis
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The document discusses the history and classification of Candida albicans, the fungus that causes oral thrush. It took over 200 years from the first reference to thrush in 1665 until Berg conclusively proved the relationship between the fungus and the disease in 1846. Candida derives from the Latin phrase "toga candida" meaning white robe, and albicans means to whiten. Later sections discuss enzymes, temperature variations, adhesion properties of Candida, and reservoirs of the yeast such as denture fittings. Non-secretors of blood group antigens may be more susceptible due to effects on Candida adhesion.
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Microbiology is the study of microorganisms too small to be seen clearly without a microscope. The history of microbiology began with early observations of microbes in the 17th century. Key figures like Antony van Leeuwenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, and Robert Koch helped prove germ theory and establish microbiology as a science through their experiments showing microbes cause disease. Major advances included developing pure culture techniques, discovering antibiotics like penicillin, and learning microbes play important roles in environments and ecosystems.
History of microbiology
Robert Hooke first observed cells under a microscope in the 1600s and coined the term "cell". Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe bacteria and protozoa in the 1670s using single-lens microscopes. Louis Pasteur's experiments in the 1800s definitively disproved the theory of spontaneous generation and established that microorganisms are present everywhere and can contaminate previously sterile environments. Robert Koch developed methods to isolate and grow bacteria in pure culture in the late 1800s, establishing the germ theory of disease and identifying the specific bacteria that cause anthrax, cholera, and tuberculosis.
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Oral candidiasis
- 1. Dr. Bhagyashree M Nair Oral Medicine And Radiology PART -I 1
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- 3. ¨ All life on earth is divided into five kingdoms: ¨Plants ¨Animals Fungi Protozoa Bacteria 3
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- 12. 200yrs were required before etiological agent of the candidiasis was described and identified. 1665 - First Reference To Thrush, From Pepys . 1839- Lagenback First Observed Fungus In Thrush . 1842- Gruby Studied Organisms-sporotrichum . 1846 - Berg Used Scientific Approach And Proved Relationship Of Fungus To Disease . 1847 - Robin Classified It As Oidium Albicans. 1923 Berkhout Gave The Name For Fungus As Candida Albicans. 1954 - "English Botanical Congress Officially Adopted Binomial Candida Albicans As Nomen Conservadum. Candida Is Derived From Latin Phrase Toga Candida Which Was Used To Describe Special White Robe Worn By Candidates For Roman Senate. Albicans Means To Whiten.. 12
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- 27. Candida colonies in posterior dorsum of tongue. In denture wearers, the fitting surface of denture is the main reservoir of the yeasts. There was 10 times increase in yeast counts in denture plaque obtained from denture wearers, when compared to healthy individuals. 27
- 28. Non secretors of blood group antigens in saliva possibly mediated by an effect on candida adhesion to epithelia. Decreasing T-lymphocyte helper to suppressor ratio. 28
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