1. Addiction

2. Tolerance: Repeated administrations of a drug lead to a decreased drug effect. Craving: After repeated drug administration there is strong desire for it. Withdrawal: Lack of drug to an addicted person causes a variety of unpleasant symptoms. All addictive drugs develop addiction in the same way. Addiction

3. Morphine administration • Euphoria • Blocking pain • Hypothermia • Decreased blood pressure • Warm skin • Drying of secretions Same response in animals as in humans Morphine is an opiate and is a refined version of heroin

4. Pavlovian Learning Unconditional Stimulus Unconditional Response Food Salivation Conditional Stimulus Conditional Response Bell Salivation

5. Pavlovian Learning Unconditional Stimulus Unconditional Response Food Salivation Conditional Stimulus Conditional Response Bell Salivation The conditional response helps to maintain homeostasis

6. Pavlovian Drug Learning Unconditional Stimulus Unconditional Response Drug Drug response Conditional Stimulus Conditional Response Drug Administration Ritual Compensatory Response

7. Pavlovian Drug Learning Unconditional Stimulus Unconditional Response Drug Drug response Conditional Stimulus Conditional Response Drug Administration Ritual Compensatory Response The conditional response helps to maintain homeostasis

8. The conditional response does not need to be the same as the unconditional response.

9. The Drug Response Morphine Administration Compensatory Response • Euphoria • Depression • Blocking pain • Pain sensitive • Hypothermia • Hyperthermia • Decreased blood pressure • Increased blood pressure • Warm skin • Cool skin • Drying of secretions • Increased secretions Unconditional response

10. Compensatory Response Morphine Administration Compensatory Response • Euphoria • Depression • Blocking pain • Pain sensitive • Hypothermia • Hyperthermia • Decreased blood pressure • Increased blood pressure • Warm skin • Cool skin • Drying of secretions • Increased secretions Drug response Unconditional response Learned response Conditional response

11. Time Drug Effect + _ First-time drug use 0 Unconditional drug response

12. Time Drug Effect + _ Tenth-time drug use 0 Unconditional drug response Compensatory drug response Development of Tolerance Actual drug response

13. Morphine Addiction Morphine Administration Morphine Withdrawal • Euphoria • Depression • Blocking pain • Pain sensitive • Hypothermia • Hyperthermia • Decreased blood pressure • Increased blood pressure • Warm skin • Cool skin • Drying of secretions • Increased secretions

14. Morphine Addiction Morphine Administration Morphine Withdrawal • Euphoria • Depression • Blocking pain • Pain sensitive • Hypothermia • Hyperthermia • Decreased blood pressure • Increased blood pressure • Warm skin • Cool skin • Drying of secretions • Increased secretions Withdrawal is the compensatory response

19. ventral tegmental area Nigrostriatal bundle

21. There is no difference between physical and psychological addiction to a drug