Marijuana can have depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic effects due to its active compounds THC and CBD. THC is the primary psychoactive compound that binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain to produce feelings of euphoria. Regular marijuana use can lead to dependence and negatively impact cognitive functions. Additionally, use during brain development periods like adolescence can impair brain development and connectivity. While legalized in some areas for medical or recreational use, marijuana possession and use without a prescription remains illegal in many states and countries.
Presentation by Dr. Jacob Kagan on addiction psychiatry, covers the neurobiology of addiction, diagnosis and management od dually-diagnosed patients, relapse prevention, psycopharmacology interventions and more. http://www.jacobkaganmd.com
Mental Health Nursing
Psychiatric Nursing
Dr. Rahul Sharma
Associate Professor
H.O.D. of Mental Health Nursing
Ph. D Coordinator
Seedling School of Nursing,
Jaipur National University, Jaipur
information regarding psychopharmacology especially for nursing students and community. covers all group like anti psychotic, anti anxiety, antidepressants, mood stabilizing agents etc.
Sleep disorders - a brief medical study martinshaji
A sleep disorder is any condition that involves difficulty experienced when sleep , such disorders involve daytime fatigue causing severe distress and impairment to work.
SD also have an impact upon social and personal functioning
this is a brief study on all aspects of this ...............
please comment
thank you
for any detailed suggestions and for any medical study materials connect with me
martinsuja369@gmail.com
than you
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic, and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and/or behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
Symptoms: Compulsive behavior
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterised by unreasonable thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead to compulsive behaviours.
OCD often centres on themes such as a fear of germs or the need to arrange objects in a specific manner. Symptoms usually begin gradually and vary throughout life.
Treatment includes talk therapy, medication or both.
Consult a doctor for medical advice.
The video for this presentation is available on our Youtube channel:
https://youtube.com/allceuseducation A continuing education course for this presentation can be found at https://www.allceus.com/member/cart/index/index?c=
Objectives
Identify the symptoms of marijuana intoxication
Review the research related to the short and long term effects of marijuana on the brain and body
Explore the medical uses of marijuana
Discuss marijuana as a gateway drug
What is It
Marijuana refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa.
The plant contains the mind-altering chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Extracts with high amounts of THC can also be made from the cannabis plant
How is it Used
Smoked
Joints
Pipes or water pipes (bongs)
Blunts—emptied cigars that have been partly or completely refilled with marijuana.
Vaporized
Pull the active ingredients from the marijuana and collect their vapor in a storage unit which is inhaled instead of smoke.
Eaten: Brownies, cookies, or candy, or brew it as a tea.
How is it Used
Resins: A newly popular method of use is smoking or eating different forms of THC-rich resins
Smoking THC-rich resins extracted from the marijuana plant is on the rise. Users call this practice dabbing. People are using various forms of these extracts, such as:
hash oil or honey oil—a gooey liquid
wax or budder—a soft solid with a texture like lip balm
shatter—a hard, amber-colored solid
Oral Ingestion
Orally consumed cannabinoids tends to be stronger and last longer (4-6 hours) than inhaled cannabis.
This is because of the way bodies metabolize THC.
When cannabis is inhaled, THC passes rapidly from the lungs to the blood stream and to the brain.
When cannabis is consumed orally, a significant portion of THC is converted into the metabolite 11-hydroxy-THC before reaching the brain.
This metabolite is believed to be slightly more potent than THC and possesses a greater blood-brain penetrability
Short Term Effects
THC effects are felt more slowly when the person eats or drinks it. (30 minutes to 1 hour)
Effects
Altered senses (for example, seeing brighter colors)
Temporary hallucinations
Altered sense of time
Changes in mood
Impaired body movement
Difficulty with thinking and problem-solving
Impaired memory
Breathing problems. Marijuana smoke irritates the lungs
Increased heart rate for up to 3 hours after smoking
Presentation by Dr. Jacob Kagan on addiction psychiatry, covers the neurobiology of addiction, diagnosis and management od dually-diagnosed patients, relapse prevention, psycopharmacology interventions and more. http://www.jacobkaganmd.com
Mental Health Nursing
Psychiatric Nursing
Dr. Rahul Sharma
Associate Professor
H.O.D. of Mental Health Nursing
Ph. D Coordinator
Seedling School of Nursing,
Jaipur National University, Jaipur
information regarding psychopharmacology especially for nursing students and community. covers all group like anti psychotic, anti anxiety, antidepressants, mood stabilizing agents etc.
Sleep disorders - a brief medical study martinshaji
A sleep disorder is any condition that involves difficulty experienced when sleep , such disorders involve daytime fatigue causing severe distress and impairment to work.
SD also have an impact upon social and personal functioning
this is a brief study on all aspects of this ...............
please comment
thank you
for any detailed suggestions and for any medical study materials connect with me
martinsuja369@gmail.com
than you
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic, and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and/or behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
Symptoms: Compulsive behavior
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterised by unreasonable thoughts and fears (obsessions) that lead to compulsive behaviours.
OCD often centres on themes such as a fear of germs or the need to arrange objects in a specific manner. Symptoms usually begin gradually and vary throughout life.
Treatment includes talk therapy, medication or both.
Consult a doctor for medical advice.
The video for this presentation is available on our Youtube channel:
https://youtube.com/allceuseducation A continuing education course for this presentation can be found at https://www.allceus.com/member/cart/index/index?c=
Objectives
Identify the symptoms of marijuana intoxication
Review the research related to the short and long term effects of marijuana on the brain and body
Explore the medical uses of marijuana
Discuss marijuana as a gateway drug
What is It
Marijuana refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa.
The plant contains the mind-altering chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Extracts with high amounts of THC can also be made from the cannabis plant
How is it Used
Smoked
Joints
Pipes or water pipes (bongs)
Blunts—emptied cigars that have been partly or completely refilled with marijuana.
Vaporized
Pull the active ingredients from the marijuana and collect their vapor in a storage unit which is inhaled instead of smoke.
Eaten: Brownies, cookies, or candy, or brew it as a tea.
How is it Used
Resins: A newly popular method of use is smoking or eating different forms of THC-rich resins
Smoking THC-rich resins extracted from the marijuana plant is on the rise. Users call this practice dabbing. People are using various forms of these extracts, such as:
hash oil or honey oil—a gooey liquid
wax or budder—a soft solid with a texture like lip balm
shatter—a hard, amber-colored solid
Oral Ingestion
Orally consumed cannabinoids tends to be stronger and last longer (4-6 hours) than inhaled cannabis.
This is because of the way bodies metabolize THC.
When cannabis is inhaled, THC passes rapidly from the lungs to the blood stream and to the brain.
When cannabis is consumed orally, a significant portion of THC is converted into the metabolite 11-hydroxy-THC before reaching the brain.
This metabolite is believed to be slightly more potent than THC and possesses a greater blood-brain penetrability
Short Term Effects
THC effects are felt more slowly when the person eats or drinks it. (30 minutes to 1 hour)
Effects
Altered senses (for example, seeing brighter colors)
Temporary hallucinations
Altered sense of time
Changes in mood
Impaired body movement
Difficulty with thinking and problem-solving
Impaired memory
Breathing problems. Marijuana smoke irritates the lungs
Increased heart rate for up to 3 hours after smoking
Lesson B9.pdfLesson B.9 Dr. W.J. Racz CANNA.docxSHIVA101531
Lesson B9.pdf
Lesson B.9 Dr. W.J. Racz
CANNABIS
Reference: A Primer of Drug Action, 12
th
ed.
Objectives
At the conclusion of this lesson, you should be able to: (1) describe the history of cannabis use,
(2) state the mechanism of action of the cannabinoids, (3) state the time of onset and duration of
response to smoking marijuana, (4) list the accepted medical and proposed medical uses of the
cannabinoids, (5) describe the effects of short-term, low-dose and high-dose use of cannabis, (6)
describe the effects of chronic high-dose use of cannabis, and (7) describe the degree and type of
tolerance and dependence associated with cannabis.
Introduction
The term “cannabis” refers to the drug-containing forms of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa,
which is an herbaceous annual. There are two varieties of Cannabis sativa – resin-producing and
fibre-producing. In Cannabis sativa, there are 420 chemical compounds, many of which are
common to other plants. There are 60 compounds that are found only in Cannabis sativa, and
these compounds are referred to as cannabinoids. Of these compounds, l-trans-Δ
9
-
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most potent psychoactive agent in cannabis, and THC
accounts for most, but not all, of the psychoactive effects of cannabis. Common names for
cannabis or its products include marijuana, hashish, hashish oil, charas, bhang, ganja, and dagga.
Marijuana, hashish and hashish oil are the cannabis preparations most common to North
America.
History
2700 BC – 1800’s Cannabis plant was used for manufacturing rope; marijuana was used for
its mild intoxicating effects as it was considered less harmful than alcohol.
1920’s – 1930’s Public concern was raised over the effects of marijuana on individuals and
society (“menace of marijuana”). Legislation was enacted to outlaw the
use of marijuana, which was considered to be a narcotic.
1960’s – 1970’s Increased use of cannabis, primarily in the form of marijuana. Survey in
1972: more than two million people in the U.S.A. reported daily use of
marijuana. Survey in 1977: 60% of young adults in the U.S.A. reported
some experience (?) with marijuana. A 1979 survey in Ontario revealed
that approximately 50% of students aged 16 or over reported some use of
marijuana in the preceding 12 months.
1978 U.S.A.-sponsored project using the herbicide, paraquat, was initiated in an
Lesson B.9 CANNABIS
______________________________________________________________________________
2
attempt to destroy cannabis crops in Mexico. It failed. U.S.A. citizens
were smoking cannabis products containing paraquat, which can produce
lung toxicity.
1980’s In the early 1980’s, the use of marijuana began to stabilize. In 1982, 42%
of high school students in the U.S.A. reported use of the drug in the
previous year and 5.5% used it daily. The figures in Ontario were similar.
1990’s ...
Hash It Out: The Role of Medical Marijuana in GIPatricia Raymond
Marijuana's side effect of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome is well known to us, as is use of Marinol to enhance appetite in the chronically ill, but are there other high points in the use of medical marijuana? What about the possible use of CBD oil for chronic pancreatitis or intractable abdominal pain?
Studies have shown cannabis' effect on GI motility, inflammation and immunity, intestinal and gastric acid secretion, nociception and emesis pathways, and appetite. Let's weed through the available data on the medical use and side effects of medicinal cannabis in gastroenterology.
Differences between cannabis flowers and ediblesintlcannabiscorp
There are lots of cannabis-infused foods produced through marijuana production techniques including bacon, hummus, candies, muffins, and many others. As you explore much about this world of marijuana, you will find yourself wondering what to expect from these edibles.
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
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CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
2. Marijuana can be classified as allthree of the following due to the
wide range of effects marijuana can cause:
Depressant
Stimulant
Hallucinogenic
The enjoyable effects of marijuana include:
Feelings of euphoria
Increased sense of wellbeing
Talkativeness
3. It is a type of substance which has a component known as Delta
9-THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).
It is the primary psychoactive compound of the cannabis. CBD
(Cannabidiol) is another important cannabinoid molecule which
affects the brain by increasing the level of a natural cannabinoid
in the brain.
Both of these cannabis compounds are related with the effect of
relaxing and anti-anxiety. In cannabis concentration of THC has
been increased more than 12% in last 30 years, which is making
this drug stronger than it used to be.
4. Beyond the THC and CBD compounds, cannabis also refereed
two other types of receptors known as Cannabinoid Receptor
Type 1 (CB1), and Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 (CB2).
These receptors are found as the part of normal
endocannabinoid system (ECS). The CB1 receptors are
scattered in the regions of the brain mainly hippocampus,
prefrontal cortex and other areas those involved in higher
cognitive functions.
So, CB1 has been controls cognition and memory, perception,
and control of motor function etc. The CB2 receptors are found
mainly in cells of the immune system, which effect on pain and
inflammation. Both of the receptors are located in the
presynaptic terminals and they regulate other neurotransmitters
5. 1. Marijuana: It consist the dried flowers, leaves and stems of female
Cannabis plant. It is the most widely consumed form of cannabis and
it contains around 3% to 20% of THC and maximum up-to 33% as per
report in 20131. This is also known as the stock material from which all
other substances of cannabis are derived.
2. Kief: It is a type of powder, which is rich in trichomes and it contains
leaves and flowers of cannabis plants. It has been used either in form of
powder or compressed to produce cakes of hashish.
3. Hashish: It is also known as Charash and produced from Kief. It is varied
in the form of color from black to golden brown, which is basically
depends upon purity, quality and the method from which this has been
obtained. It can be consumed orally or smoked, and is also vaporized, or
'vaped'.
4. Hash oil: This is a resinous matrix type of cannabinoid. Hash oil is
extracted by solvent and formed into a hardened or viscous mass. It has the
most strong and powerful level of psychoactive compound.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. 1). Dependency: The evidence found in the literature suggests
that use of cannabis for long periods can lead to dependence.
One out of six who used marijuana during teenage and 25% to
50% who smokes it daily will develop dependence. The
dependence of the cannabis depends on many factors.
As per the statistical analysis, around 90% of people who had
used cannabis become dependent on it, as compared to 32%
users of tobacco, 20% users of cocaine users, and 15% users of
alcohol
11. 2. Effect on the Developing brain: It has been reported that,
the growth of brain continue from prenatal period to
approximately 21 years of age.
It has been found that THC exposure during prenatal or
adolescent stages in animals as well as human being appears
as a reward system to other drugs and also impairs axonal
connections between neurons and also developed
asymmetrical in prefrontal cortex .
12. 3. Cognitive Functions: Persistent and heavy use of
cannabis adversely effect on cognitive functions but when
they quit or reduced the use of cannabis they were able to
restore their cognitive functions compare to others.
13. Marijuanahasbecome much more potent inthelast10 to 15 years
(a500–800% increaseinTHCpotency).Smoking 3 to 5 “joints”or
“blunts”aweek todayis equivalentto 15 to 40 “joints”aweek 10 to
15 years ago.
Many peopleclaimmarijuanahasno long-term effectson the brain.
Someone who smokes 3 or more timesper week is NEVER
free from the effectsofmarijuanaactingon the brain
Changes inmentalfunctioning are so subtle,users oftenrealize
thatthey canno longer work assafelyor efficiently.
Combining alcoholor other depressants/stimulantswithmarijuana
canproduce aquadruple effect, increasingtheimpairing
consequences ofboth drugs.
14. Currently (10/2015), marijuana has been legalized for medical
use in 20U.S. states, and it has been legalized for recreational
use in four U.S. states.
In NEW JERSEY, marijuana is only legal for medical use.
Possession and use of marijuana requiresa prescription.
Possession and use of marijuana without a prescription is
illegal in New Jerseyand can result inarrest.
In India also agriculture of cannabis has been started in 2017.