This document defines and discusses open access publishing. It explains that open access literature is digital, online, free to access, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. There are two primary models for open access - open access archives/repositories which make unpublished or published works freely available, and open access journals which peer review works and make them freely available. The document discusses factors like author processing fees and subsidies that support open access journals' business models. It also defines terms like green open access (self-archiving) versus gold open access (publication in an open access journal) and addresses issues like predatory journals.

1. OPEN ACCESS
PUBLISHING
Prof (Dr) Chetan B Bhatt,
Principal,
Government MCA College,
Ahmedabad

2. WHAT IS OPEN ACCESS?
• Open access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and
licensing restrictions.
• What makes it possible is the internet and the consent of the author or copyright-holder.
• Barrier Free Access
• A price tag
• Copyright
• Make it available to more people and make them free to use and reuse it.

3. WAYS TO DELIVER OA
• There are many ways
• personal web sites, blogs, wikis, databases, ebooks, videos, audios, webcasts, discussion forums, RSS
feeds, and P2P networks

4. PRIMARY VEHICLES FOR DELIVERING OA
• There are two primary vehicles for delivering OA to research articles: OA journals and OA
archives or repositories.
• OA archives or repositories
• OA journals

5. OA ARCHIVES OR REPOSITORIES
• OA archives or repositories do not perform peer review, but simply make their contents
freely available to the world.
• They may contain unrefereed preprints, refereed post-prints, or both. Archives may
belong to institutions, such as universities and laboratories, or disciplines, such as physics
and economics.
• Authors may archive their preprints without anyone else's permission, and a majority of
journals already permit authors to archive their postprints.

6. OA ARCHIVES OR REPOSITORIES
• When archives comply with the metadata harvesting protocol of the Open Archives
Initiative (http://openarchives.org), then they are interoperable and users can find their
contents without knowing which archives exist, where they are located, or what they
contain (https://archive.org/projects/).
• There is now open-source software for building and maintaining OAI-compliant archives
and worldwide momentum for using it. (https://www.openarchives.org/pmh/tools/)

7. OA JOURNALS
• OA journals perform peer review and then make the approved contents freely available to
the world. Their expenses consist of peer review, manuscript preparation, and server space.
• OA journals pay their bills very much the way broadcast television and radio stations do: those
with an interest in disseminating the content pay the production costs upfront so that access
can be free of charge for everyone with the right equipment.
• Sometimes this means that journals have a subsidy from the hosting university or professional
society. Sometimes it means that journals charge a processing fee on accepted articles, to be
paid by the author or the author's sponsor (employer, funding agency).

8. OA JOURNALS
• OA journals that charge processing fees usually waive them in cases of economic
hardship. OA journals with institutional subsidies tend to charge no processing fees.
• OA journals can get by on lower subsidies or fees if they have income from other
publications, advertising, priced add-ons, or auxiliary services. Some institutions and
consortia arrange fee discounts.
• Some OA publishers waive the fee for all researchers affiliated with institutions that have
purchased an annual membership.

9. GREEN OA VS. GOLD OA
• Green OA publishing refers to the self-archiving of published or pre-publication works for
free public use. Authors provide access to preprints or post-prints (with publisher
permission) in an institutional or disciplinary archive such
as eCommons@Cornell (https://ecommons.cornell.edu/) and arXiv.org.
• Gold OA publishing refers to works published in an open access journal and accessed via
the journal or publisher's website. Examples of Gold OA include PLOS (Public Library of
Science) (http://plos.org) and BioMed Central (https://www.biomedcentral.com/) (part of
Springer Nature).

10. HYBRID JOURNALS
• Hybrid journals offer authors the option of making their articles open access, for a fee.
Hybrid journals are still fundamentally subscription journals with an open access option for
individual articles. They are not true open access journals, despite publishers' use of the
term "gold open access" to describe this arrangement, and the Cornell Open-Access
Publication Fund does not support open access fees to hybrid journals.

11. GRATIS VS. LIBRE
• Gratis OA is information that is available free of charge, while some copyright and
licensing restrictions may still apply.
• Libre OA is information that is free of charge and free of most copyright and licensing
restriction.
• While 'free' implies that the information does not cost anything to access, remember that
OA publishing still often involves a cost to the author to publish the work.

12. SHERPA/ROMEO
• Sherpa Romeo is an online resource that aggregates and presents publisher and journal open
access policies from around the world.
• Every registered publisher or journal held in Romeo is carefully reviewed and analyzed by specialist
team who provide summaries of self-archiving permissions and conditions of rights given to
authors on a journal-by-journal basis where possible.
• https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/about.html

13. UGC APPROVED LIST (SPPU)
• https://ugccare.unipune.ac.in/apps1/home/index

14. JOURNAL FINDER
• https://journalfinder.elsevier.com/ (Elsevier Journal Finder)
• https://journalfinder.wiley.com/search?type=match (Wiley Journal Finder)
• https://journalsuggester.springer.com/ (Springer Nature Journal Suggester)
• https://www.journalguide.com/ (JournalGuide)
• https://jane.biosemantics.org/ (Journal/Author Name Estimator)
• https://thinkchecksubmit.org (Think.Check.Submit)
• https://www.doaj.org (Directory of Open Access Journals)

15. PREDATORY JOURNALS
• Predatory journals (also called deceptive or scamming journals) are accused of applying
poor academic standards and practices in their editorial and peer-review processes. They
apply poor ethical procedures by claiming to live-up to the established quality control
standards in peer-review but do so only on a superficial level.
• https://predatoryjournals.com

16. WHY DO RESEARCHER PUBLISH IN PREDATORY
JOURNALS?
• Researchers and intermediaries believed that researchers publish in predatory
journals often due to the pressure to publish work quickly (58% and 40%,
respectively) or to help gain a promotion (59% and 39%, respectively). However, a
lack of awareness that journals were predatory was by far the most frequent reason,
cited by 73% of researchers and 72% of intermediaries. (ref: Why do researchers publish
in predatory journals? – The Publication Plan for everyone interested in medical writing, the
development of medical publications, and publication planning)

17. REFERENCES
• http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm
• https://youtu.be/L5rVH1KGBCY
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2HMouOV-Lg
• https://libguides.reading.ac.uk/boost/where-to-publish
• https://beckerguides.wustl.edu/c.php?g=648201&p=4545487
• https://endnote.com/product-details/manuscript-matcher/