Open Access Workshop August 11, 2018 FLAME University, Pune By Leena Shah, Managing Editor & Ambassdor, DOAJ leena@doaj.org

1. Understanding Open Access and Recent
Developments Around the World
Open Access Workshop August 11, 2018
FLAME University, Pune
By Leena Shah, Managing Editor & Ambassdor, DOAJ
leena@doaj.org
1

2. Overview
• What is Open Access?
• What problem in Scholarly Communication is OA
trying to address?
• How do you participate in OA?
• Why should you participate in OA?
• What are the typical concerns about OA?
• Recent trends in OA – how does this impact us in
the Global South?
• Popular OA resources and search tools
2

3. • Open Access is the practice of providing on-line access to
scientific information that is free of charge to the reader
and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.1&2
• OA is a kind of access, not a kind of business model,
license, or content.2
1 https://openaccess.mpg.de/2076881/2014_05-h2020-factsheet-open-access-faq.pdf
2 http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm
What is Open Access?

4. 4
For a work to be OA, the copyright
holder must consent in advance to let
users “copy, use, distribute, transmit
and display the work publicly and to
make and distribute derivative works,
in any digital medium for responsible
purpose, subject to proper attribution
of authorship” (Bethesda, Berlin statements)
Remove access &
price barriers
Remove permission
barriers
Open Access Definition

5. Libraries
Universities & Institutions
Scholars
Free
Provide access
OPEN
ACCESS
ARCHIVES
GREEN ROUTE
Articles freely
available in
repositories –
discoverable on
the Internet
Inelastic supply
Increase disciplines & therefore titles –small base
Profiteering?
DUE TO :
SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION CRISIS OPEN ACCESS
Articles freely
available in peer
review OA
journals
OPEN
ACCESS
JOURNALS
GOLD ROUTE
Publishers
Sign over copyright
Peer review
FC Choy (2015). Why is Open Access
important to researchers? [PowerPoint
Slides]. Presented at Academic Publishing
2015, NTU Libraries, Singapore.

6. How do you participate in OA as a
researcher?
GOLD ROUTE GREEN ROUTE

7. GOLD ROUTE
Identify a reputable OA journal1
Send your paper for
peer review
2
When paper is accepted –
you may pay an “article
processing charge” (APC)
to publisher
3
Your paper is published
in the OA journal
4

8. Use DOAJ to look for OA
journals
 11,900 journals
 130 countries
 3 m articles
Full-text OA journals
Identify a reputable
OA journal
1
Send your paper for
peer review
2
When paper is accepted
– you may pay an “article
processing charge”
(APC) to publisher
3
Your paper is published
in the OA journal
4
GOLD ROUTE

9. Submit paper to selected
journal as per normal
1
When paper is accepted –
submit final peer-reviewed
copy to an open repository
(e.g. institutional Repository such as
ePrints@IISc)
2
Metadata of record will
be picked up by Google
3
GREEN ROUTE
4 Anyone can find your
article via Google

10. Submit paper to selected
journal as per normal
1
When paper is accepted
– submit final peer-
reviewed copy to an
open repository (e.g.
institutional Repository such as
ePrints@IISc)
2
Metadata of record will
be picked up by Google
3
GREEN ROUTE
4 Anyone can find your
article via Google
Self-archiving
http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
Publishers typically allow with
embargo period – 6 months to
2 years
Most publishers only allow
“accepted version” and not the
journal formatted version to be
archived in repository
Accepted version is your final
manuscript after peer review.
Most publishers allow this
version to be made available
via your institutional repository.
Do not lose it!

11. Green Vs Gold OA
Green OA:
• May not be available immediately due to publisher embargoes
• It is free, a cost-effective solution
• Complexity of Green OA – when, where and what version of a
paper can be made OA has led to it being ignored by
researchers.
Gold OA:
• May involve an Article Processing Charge (APC) for the author
• Immediately available with re-use rights ( Creative Commons
License)
• DOAJ indexes only Gold OA journals

12. A common misunderstanding is that all OA journals use an ‘author
pay’ business model.
Gold OA Journals
8709
3148
68
APC information about OA
Journals Indexed in DOAJ
No
Yes
No info
163
75
APC information about Indian OA
Journals Indexed in DOAJ
No
Yes

13. Diamond OA:
• Journals do not charge publication fees nor access charges
• Similar to Gold OA with the article going through peer review
Other OA models
Bronze OA:
• Unlicensed papers, free to read
Hybrid OA:
• Provide OA to specific articles in an otherwise subscription
journal
• Double Dipping – second income stream
• DOAJ does not index hybrid OA journals

14. Benefits of participating in OA

15. 15
Compliance with Mandates
National Institute of Health (2007) mandate
First mandate from major US funding agency - Deposit to
PUBMED Central - 12 months embargo - 75% compliance (2012,
Poynder)
DBT & DST OA Policy, India (2014)
Accepts Green route
Research Council UK (RCUK)(2012)
Accept both Gold and Green routes – 6 months embargo
European Commission
From 2014, requires deposit in IR upon publication. 6 months
embargo in STEM and 12 months for humanities & social
sciences
Large foundations – Gates, Ford, Packard, Open
Society, etc.
Requires grantees to publish their work under CC BY
license – allow use, reuse, remixing, etc.

16. Concerns about Open Access

17. OA journals
indexed in WoS &
Scopus are
approaching same
impact & quality as
subscription
journals
(Bjork & Solomon,
2012)
Scientific Impact of OA journals vs
Subscription journals

18. Average Citations per paper over a three-year window (2015-17) for top
20 largest publishers in 2017 in SCImago (2018) split into subscription
journals (gray) and OA journals (red).
Reference: https://blog.frontiersin.org/2018/07/11/scientific-excellence-at-scale-open-access-journals-have-a-
clear-citation-advantage-over-subscription-journals/
OA journals have a citation advantage over
Subscription journals (source: blog.frontiersin.org)
Across the
last three
years, OA
journals
receive on
average
7% more
citations
than
subscriptio
n journals
(Mirjam
Curno &
Stephanie
Oeben)

19. OpenAccessisthefuture
Source: https://www.researchinformation.info/news/open-access-future-%E2%80%93-springer-nature-survey

20. Questionable Publishers
“Sting operation” by John Bohannon (Science News)
- Variation of a bogus paper submitted to 304 OA journals
- Half of the OA journals accepted the paper
QUESTIONABLE (or PREDATORY) PUBLISHERS
The practice of charging APC in Gold OA
encouraged some unscrupulous publishers to
exploit researchers eager to publish quickly
RETORT: Is it about OA or peer review; No control group
Warning signs: promise of quick turnaround with peer review;
falsifying credentials; using unsolicited mail, etc. Consult your
librarian!.

21. Recent Events and Trends

22. Growing interest in Europe & US in engineering a
global ‘flip’ of legacy subscription journals to a ‘pay-
to-publish’ OA model. 1
• If paywalls are replaced by publication walls – Impact on
researchers from the Global South?
• Elsevier also raised a discussion about adopting a ‘region-
specific’ OA for e.g. European articles made available as gold
OA in Europe and ‘Green’ OA outside of Europe. 2
1 https://poynder.blogspot.com/2018/04/north-south-and-open-access-view-from_24.html
2 https://www.elsevier.com/connect/working-towards-a-transition-to-open-access
Pay-to-Publish OA

23. • July 2018 – Researchers in Germany lost access to recent articles
from Elsevier following a breakdown in negotiations between
Projekt Deal (German consortium) and Elsevier
• May-July 2018 - Researchers in Sweden lost access to new articles
in Elsevier’s journals following a breakdown in negotiations
between the Bibsam Consortium in Sweden and Elsevier
• Mar 2018 – Couperin.org, the French consortium cancelled
subscriptions to Springer Nature journals. Discussions continue..
• Mar 2018 – Dutch consortium VSNU announced “that Dutch
universities and Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing have been
unable to reach a new agreement on access to scientific journals”
Pulling out of Publishing Deals

24. • Current system favours circulation of knowledge present in
English language publications
• Underrepresentation of indigenous knowledge from Global
South
• Open Access is often seen as a way to promote equity in
knowledge, but it also bears the hidden risk of serving
continued global dominance of the Northern science
system maintaining the invisibility of African science, seldom
digitized or in open access (Piron 2017).
Cognitive Injustice in Global South

25. What is a Preprint?
Author’s original manuscript before peer review and before it is
formally published in a journal. It is freely available on preprint
servers.
Preprint Servers
Preprint Servers:
By discipline: arXiv, bioRxiv, SocArXiv, EarthArXiv, PsyArXiv,
AgriXiv, ChemArxiv, PaleorXiv
India : indiarxiv
Indonesia: INArxiv
Arabic: ArabiXiv
France: FrenXiv
China: ChinaXiv
List is not exhaustive….

26. Open Access Resources for researchers and
students

27. Directories – OA and Free Journals
• DOAJ (Directory of OA journals)
https://doaj.org/
• OpenDOAR (Directory of OA Repositories)
www.opendoar.org
• DOAB (Directory of OA books)
https://www.doabooks.org/
Disciplinary Archives
• arXiv https://arxiv.org/
• SSRN https://ssrn.com/en/
• bioRxiv https://www.biorxiv.org/
• ChemRxiv https://chemrxiv.org
Publishers & distributors
• BioMed Central http://www.biomedcentral.com/
• Public Library of Science (PLoS)
https://www.plos.org/
• PubMed Central (PMC)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
• SciELO
http://www.scielo.org/php/index.php?lang=en
• Wiley OA journals
https://authorservices.wiley.com/open-
science/open-access/index.html
• HighWire Press
http://www.highwire.org/lists/freeart.dtl
• PeerJ https://peerj.com/
• SAGE Open http://sgo.sagepub.com/
Databases and networks
• ScienceOpen
https://www.scienceopen.com/
• Digital Commons Network
http://network.bepress.com/
• PKP Index http://index.pkp.sfu.ca/
Free E-book on OA
• The Open Revolution: rewriting the rules of the
information age https://openrevolution.net/
• Jhangiani, R S and Biswas-Diener, R 2017 Open: The
Philosophy and Practices that are Revolutionizing
Education and Science. London: Ubiquity Press. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5334/bbc. License: CC-BY 4.0
OA Resources

28. • Unpaywall (Impactstory)
https://unpaywall.org/
Harvests OA content from open repositories run by universities,
governments, open content hosted by publishers and scholarly
societies
• OAJF (Enago)
https://www.enago.com/academy/journal-finder/
Open Access Journal Finder
• 1findr (1science)
https://1findr.1science.com/home
Analytics and discovery platform. Aims to find all peer reviewed
articles - green, gold and hybrid OA articles. A paid-for service with
a free version
OA Search Tools

29. https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2018/06/26/will-europe-lead-open-access/?informz=1
https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2018/06/23/some-science-journals-
that-claim-to-peer-review-papers-do-not-do-so
https://www.couperin.org/breves/1333-couperin-ne-renouvelle-pas-l-accord-national-
passe-avec-springer
What’s new in OA? https://unlockingresearch-blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?p=2011
https://poynder.blogspot.com/2018/01/preface-open-divide.html
https://poynder.blogspot.dk/2018/04/north-south-and-open-access-view-from_24.html
https://poynder.blogspot.com/2018/05/six-questions-about-openness-in-science.html
https://trianglesci.org/2018/07/02/creating-global-cognitive-justice/
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05359-8
https://1science.com/1findr_public_launch/
https://openscience.com/green-oa-vs-gold-oa-which-one-to-choose/
https://researchpreprints.com/preprintlist/
References

30. DOAJ Gold Sponsor:
Thank you
Special thanks to
all the Libraries, Library Consortia, Universities and Publishers,
and to our Sponsors for their financial support.
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