This document discusses open access resources and copyright. It begins by defining open access and noting that it has evolved over time, with formal definitions provided by initiatives like BOAI. Open access creates debate around copyright in scholarly communication. The document then discusses the purpose of open access in facilitating knowledge development and creativity. It notes issues with traditional subscription models and how open access is changing scientific work. The two main routes to open access, gold and green, are described. Benefits of open access are stated, along with concerns. Creative Commons licenses are introduced as a way to modify copyright terms. The role of libraries in supporting open access is also covered. Overall, the summary balances open access and copyright as important to each other.

1. Open Access Resoures & Copyright
by Pamu.Sudhakar
Asstt.Librarian,
CESS, Hyderabad,pin 500 016

2. Introduction
• Open Access (OA) has evolved before
the advent of internet
• Universal Access is not a synonym of OA
• OA as a term was given a formal meaning
by Budapest Open Access Initiative
(BOAI)
• The OA movement has greatly stimulated
the debate on Copyright in the scholarly
communication system
• It created a number of entirely new

3. Need and Purpose
• Society benefits from the open exchange of
ideas
• Access to information is essential in national
development
• Access to copyrighted materials invokes
creativity and facilitates the development
of new knowledge.
• Intellectual Property is the lifeblood of
progress in the Sciences and Arts
• New knowledge comes from nowhere. It is
developed from existing information…cont

4. …Need and Purpose
• Authors build on the intellectual
products of others to create new works
• Copyright exists for the public good
• Copyright meant to balance the
competing interests of creators,
publishers, and users.

5. What’s wrong with the Traditional
Model?
• Severe disadvantages of restrictive
access
• Political Argument – pay taxes, have
access
• Increasing cost of subscriptions
• Transfer of copyright

6. Open access ... beyond access
• OA is changing scientific papers
• OA is changing scientific communities
• OA is changing the relationship between
research and society OA spreads
beyond publications to data, protocols,
software, research instruments and
through that is changing science Will
research shape its (legal, economic)
environment? etc

7. Definition of Open Access (OA)
• There are many, varied definitions of Open
Access
• The most widely used definition is Budapest
Open Access Initiative (BOAI).
• Open Access = free access + re-use
• The immediate, online, free availability of
research outputs without the restrictions on
use commonly imposed by publisher copyright
agreements

8. Why Open Access ?
• Not everyone has access. This may be
because of money or location.
• Open access enables global
communication and collaboration.
• Open access might keep prices and
permissions reasonable

9. …Open Access
• Can cover a variety of research outputs
– Journals
– Books
– Theses
– Data

10. Two routes to Open Access
• Gold : “ Author-pays” publication
model
• Green : Self-archiving

11. Routes to Open Access: Gold
• Researcher submits an article to publisher
• Publisher makes the article freely available on
publication
• Cost of publication covered by a one-off fee
paid by the author – “author-pays” fee
• Some journals are wholly Open Access
• Others are “hybrid”: they operate on the
traditional subscription model but have an
Open Access option

12. Routes to Open Access: Green
– Author deposits an article either before
(preprint) or after (postprint) publication into an
Open Access repository
– Repository makes copies available on publication
or after an embargo period
– Subject-based repositories for some subjects
– arXiv - physics
– UK PubMed Central – life sciences
– Most UK universities now have institutional
repositories
– Sussex Research Online

13. What does open access mean to
Scientific Research ?
• Freely available thru the Internet
• Author retains copyright
• Redistribution and re-use
• Permanently archived in an internationally
recognized repository ( e.g. PubMed
Central)

14. Open Access Policies
• Mandatory – requires researchers to
make their work open access
• Voluntary – encourages and requests
researchers to make their work open
access

15. Concerns about open access
– Uncertainty about format/versions and the
relationship between bibliographical
references and full text submission
– Copyright and intellectual property rights
issues
– Concern about correct citation linking and
publisher requirements
– Peer review
– Etheses - pre-publication concerns,
embargos and copyright
– Cost of author-pays (Gold) model
– Challenge for not-for-profit smaller
publishers

16. Benefits of Open Access
– It offers an opportunity to maximise the
impact of their work
– An institutional repository will provide better
visibility than a personal or departmental
website
– To secure the long-term preservation of their
research outputs
– Often part of their legal obligation to their
funder
– An institutional repository can be used to feed
articles/data to researchers’ home pages and
CVs
– Digital technologies have revolutionized how
creative works are made, distributed, and used

17. Copyright = ©
• all rights are reserved for author
• set of exclusive rights granted for author
• opposite of copywrong
• not to be confused with copyleft, copywrite,
copyup, copydown, or copyinverse
• copyright laws varies by jurisdiction

18. Indian Copyright Act
• three distinct phases in the span of
150years.Namely
• Phase 1 : copyright act 1847, the
copyright term is, lifetime of the author
and 7 years from post mortem (totally
not to exceed 42 years) .
• Phase 2 : copyright act 1914, term of
copyright from fifty years post mortem.
• Phase 3 : copyright act 1957, term of
copyright from sixty years post mortem.

19. Indian Copyright (Copyright
Act, 1957)
– Artistic Work ,
– Literary Work
– Audio, Video and Records
– Software

20. Definition of copyright
– Copyright is a right given by the law to
creators of literary, dramatic, musical
and artistic works and producers of
cinematograph films and sound
recordings.
– It is a bundle of rights including, inter
alia, rights of reproduction,
communication to the public, adaptation
and translation of the work. There could
be slight variations in the composition
of the rights depending on the work.

21. CREATIVE COMMONS
LICENSES (CC)
• Creative Commons licenses make copyright
about opportunities.
• Creative Commons provides tools for
creator to grant permission ahead of time.
• These permissions include the right to
copy/distribute, perform, display, build
upon, and remix.
• CC licences can modify copyright terms to
best suit his /her needs

22. …Creative Commons (CC)
• founded in 2001, San Fransisco, California,
USA
• Founder Lawrence Lessing .
• CC slogan is Share, Remix, Reuse –Legally
• Only CC licenses consist of three crucial
parts:
• human-readable
• lawyer-readable
• machine-readable

23. So how does CC work ?
• CC licences are free to avail
• easy to use tools
• work alongside copyright
• All rights reserved to Some rights
reserved

24. four major conditions of the
Creative Commons
• Attribution (BY): let others copy, distribute,
display, and perform copyrighted work-and derivative
works based upon it. requiring attribution to the original
author;
• Share Alike (SA): allowing derivatives works under
the same or a similar license (later or jurisdiction
version);
• Non-Commercial (NC): let others copy, distribute,
display, and perform copyrighted work-and derivative
works based upon it .requiring the work is not used for
commercial purposes; and
• No Derivative Works (ND): allowing only the original
work, without derivatives.
• Visit http:// creativecommons.org

25. six major licenses of the Creative
Commons (CC)
• Attribution (CC-BY)
• Attribution Share Alike (CC-BY-SA)
• Attribution No Derivatives (CC-BY-ND)
• Attribution Non-Commercial (CC-BY-NC)
• Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike
(CC-BY-NC-SA)
• Attribution Non-Commercial No
Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)

26. Importance of libraries in Open
Access
Libraries Can Provide Enhanced Access to OA
Works.
Libraries Can Be Digital Publishers of OA
Works.
Libraries Can Build Specialized OA Systems.
Libraries Can Digitize OA Versions of Out-of-
Copyright Works.
Libraries Can Preserve OA Materials
Libraries Can Subsidize Author Fees

27. Conclusion
• Open Access and Copyright are two sides of the
coin.they are to be balanced.
• They carry equal weight. They are inseparable.
• Open Access and Copyright will have no death.
• We, the social beings have to collaborate, Share,
Remix, Reuse — Legally (slogan of CC) the
information and mention attribution for name and
fame (for impact and citation) or perish.
• We loose nothing financially
• so we all with a strong commitment contribute
something in our professional fields (write a paper
and publish) in the environment of Open Access
(journal) which indirectly implies our share in the
development of our Nation …cont

28. …conclusion
• Even though we did best in Open Access
Initiatives
• still a lot to do, much to accomplish.
• Hope we do our best to SHINING
INDIA
• India become “ information hub” in the
developing countries.
• I dare to dream much, even a little bit
we achieve, I will be happy.

29. References
• Open Access: A Matter For Definition Society for Scholarly
Publishing(SSP)
• Issue Status Report June 2004, Prepared by Barbara
Meyers
• Open Access Overview : PETER SUBER
http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm
• Budapest Open Access Initiative: http://www.soros.org/openaccess/
• balancing author and publisher rights: (author :kcomlekci)peter
SUBERwww.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/newsletter/06-02-07.htm
(accessed on 20/09/2010)
• Copyright Issues in Open Access Research Journals : The Authors'
Perspective: Ester HOORN & van der GRAF,M /D-Lib Magazine, Feb
2006,vol12#2(accessed on 210/10/2010)
• Creative Commons http://www.creativecommons.org
• Repositories, Copyright and Creative Commons for Scholarly
Communication By Esther HOORN, Ariadne, issue45, Oct 2005
(accessed on 20/09/2010)
• http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/framing_issue_may04.pdf (accessed on
20/10/2010)
• Taylor,k(2007) Copyright and research: an academic publishers
perspective 4:2 SCRIPTed 233 DOI: 10.2966/SCRIP.040207.233
http: //www.law.ed.ac.uk/ahrc/srip-ed/vol-4-2/taylor.asp

30. …refernces
• www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.org
• www.slideshare.net
• copyright and research :an archivangelist’s
perspective by A A Adams SCRIPTed vol 4-
iss3,Sep 2007
• Open Access initiative in access to technical
...RECIIS-
Elect.j.commun.Int.Innov.Health.v.1.n.1.p.19-
26,Jan-Jun.2007
• B(RAZIL),I(NDIA),S(OUTH) A(FRICA) Copyright
Review(pp21-34)
http://www.africancommons.org/2009/06/ our-
contexts-our-rights--copyright-in-bisa/ (accessed
on 28/09/2010)

31. Thank You
• My Email
Sudhakar.pamu@gmail.com