The document discusses challenges facing open access in academia. It notes successes of open access and open source movements like Wikipedia and open data initiatives. However, it outlines ongoing issues like commercial publishers' control over legacy content and lobbying against open policies. Solutions proposed include fully open licensing models and drawing from examples of open communities in some disciplines.
Scholarly communication refers to how academics find information, create knowledge, and share it with students and beyond academia. Traditionally, scholars would meet and correspond privately, but scholarly journals emerged as correspondence increased. Problems with the current system include commercial publishers controlling access and pricing out readers. Open Access aims to make scholarly works free online, either by publishing in an Open Access journal or self-archiving in an institutional repository. There are advocacy policies and mandates growing for Open Access worldwide to benefit research dissemination and public access to taxpayer-funded work.
This document provides an overview of open access, including:
- Defining open access as digital literature that is free to read, distribute, and use without restrictions.
- Describing the open access movement to make scholarly literature openly accessible online at no cost.
- Explaining how open access has emerged due to factors like growing information and the need for access, as well as budget cuts straining library resources.
- Detailing benefits of open access for authors, institutions, and society, such as increased visibility, citation rates, and efficient use of public funding.
A presentation given at the first ever Open Research London on what students around the world are doing, the Open Access Button and how to get involved.
Nicole Nogoy at the G3 Workshop: Open Access Publishing - What you need to KnowGigaScience, BGI Hong Kong
This document discusses open access publishing and some of the key challenges. It notes that while open access publishing removes barriers to accessing and sharing scientific research, major publishers currently control the market and charge high subscription fees. This puts strain on library budgets. The document outlines initiatives to increase open access, such as university and funder mandates, and notes that open access journals can have high impact. However, challenges remain around copyright and the ability to fully text mine and reuse content. More advocacy and support for open access is needed to address these issues.
The open access movement aims to make scholarly literature freely available online. It was launched in response to rising journal subscription costs limiting access. Key causes were the publish or perish culture, new fields requiring journals, and limited access despite taxpayer-funded research. The movement defines open access as free online access and reuse of articles. It has been implemented through open access journals and self-archiving in institutional repositories. Barriers remain in convincing authors and establishing sustainable business models, while librarians can help promote open access practices and build repositories. The future may see growth in open access journals and tools to support search and discovery of open content.
Open data and open access: sharing our research with the worldBen Skinner
A presentation I gave in the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge on the importance of data sharing, and publishing in open access journals. The presentation was based heavily on Jelena Aleksic's talk at Open Research Cambridge (http://www.slideshare.net/jelena121)
A mash-up of two presentations from my JISC days, for a session with Warwick's Computer Sciences educational technology research group. I focused on concepts of openness and some reflections on change in the context of academic technology.
Scholarly communication refers to how academics find information, create knowledge, and share it with students and beyond academia. Traditionally, scholars would meet and correspond privately, but scholarly journals emerged as correspondence increased. Problems with the current system include commercial publishers controlling access and pricing out readers. Open Access aims to make scholarly works free online, either by publishing in an Open Access journal or self-archiving in an institutional repository. There are advocacy policies and mandates growing for Open Access worldwide to benefit research dissemination and public access to taxpayer-funded work.
This document provides an overview of open access, including:
- Defining open access as digital literature that is free to read, distribute, and use without restrictions.
- Describing the open access movement to make scholarly literature openly accessible online at no cost.
- Explaining how open access has emerged due to factors like growing information and the need for access, as well as budget cuts straining library resources.
- Detailing benefits of open access for authors, institutions, and society, such as increased visibility, citation rates, and efficient use of public funding.
A presentation given at the first ever Open Research London on what students around the world are doing, the Open Access Button and how to get involved.
Nicole Nogoy at the G3 Workshop: Open Access Publishing - What you need to KnowGigaScience, BGI Hong Kong
This document discusses open access publishing and some of the key challenges. It notes that while open access publishing removes barriers to accessing and sharing scientific research, major publishers currently control the market and charge high subscription fees. This puts strain on library budgets. The document outlines initiatives to increase open access, such as university and funder mandates, and notes that open access journals can have high impact. However, challenges remain around copyright and the ability to fully text mine and reuse content. More advocacy and support for open access is needed to address these issues.
The open access movement aims to make scholarly literature freely available online. It was launched in response to rising journal subscription costs limiting access. Key causes were the publish or perish culture, new fields requiring journals, and limited access despite taxpayer-funded research. The movement defines open access as free online access and reuse of articles. It has been implemented through open access journals and self-archiving in institutional repositories. Barriers remain in convincing authors and establishing sustainable business models, while librarians can help promote open access practices and build repositories. The future may see growth in open access journals and tools to support search and discovery of open content.
Open data and open access: sharing our research with the worldBen Skinner
A presentation I gave in the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge on the importance of data sharing, and publishing in open access journals. The presentation was based heavily on Jelena Aleksic's talk at Open Research Cambridge (http://www.slideshare.net/jelena121)
A mash-up of two presentations from my JISC days, for a session with Warwick's Computer Sciences educational technology research group. I focused on concepts of openness and some reflections on change in the context of academic technology.
"Building Capacity for Open Research" - AAMCKaitlin Thaney
This document discusses challenges with the current state of scientific research and proposes approaches to shift towards more open and reproducible practices. It notes that current systems are designed to create friction and rewards the wrong behaviors. To address this, it advocates taking a multi-faceted approach including improving infrastructure for open tools, standards, best practices, incentives and recognition, training, and policies. Key steps proposed are baking reproducible practices into academia, creating opportunities for experimentation and cross-disciplinary work, and rethinking how researchers are rewarded to support more open science.
Open access for researchers and research managersIryna Kuchma
Presented at “Gaining the momentum: Open Access and advancement of science and research” workshop, African Digital Scholarship & Curation 2009, Thursday 14 May 2009, CSIR Conference Centre, Pretoria, South Africa. About enlarged audience and citation impact, tenure and promotion. Advanced and enhanced metrics. The evidences that Open Access leads to advancement of science and research.
Open access for researchers and students, research managers and publishersIryna Kuchma
The document discusses open access (OA), which refers to free online availability of peer-reviewed literature that allows users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to full text articles. It outlines the benefits of OA such as increased citation rates and access, as well as potential cost savings of OA publishing models. Next steps mentioned include encouraging researchers, managers, and libraries to support OA through various policies, repositories, and outreach.
Open Access Advocacy: Failure and Successes Leslie Chan
In this presentation I share personal reflection with regard to failures in Open Access advocacy, and draw lessons on how we could move forward based on past mistakes.
Open access (OA) to scholarly literature recently hit a major milestone: Half of all research articles published become open access, either immediately or after an embargo period. Are the articles you read among them? What about the articles you write? Are the journals to which you submit open-access friendly? What about the journals for which you peer review? Are there any reasons why the public should not have access to the results of taxpayer-funded research?
In this slideshow, Jill Cirasella (Associate Librarian for Public Services and Scholarly Communication, Graduate Center, CUNY) explains the motivation for OA, describes the details of OA, and differentiates between publishing in open access journals (“gold” OA) and self-archiving works in OA repositories (“green” OA). She also dispels persistent myths about OA and examines some of the challenges to OA.
Scholarly communication refers to the process by which academics produce and share knowledge. It began with scholars meeting to discuss ideas and corresponding through letters. As numbers grew, scholarly journals emerged in 1665 to facilitate the dissemination of research. Throughout the 18th-19th centuries, journals specialized and prioritized scientific findings. Major growth occurred post-WWII. Now, issues include author rights, visibility, and new publishing models like open access, which makes research publicly available online for free. Open access aims to address the "journal crisis" of rising costs limiting access. It benefits knowledge sharing and increased citations, though some debate potential disadvantages like loss of prestige or increased plagiarism risk.
This is a keynote presentation to "Open science, transparence et evaluation. Perspectives et enjeux pour les chercheurs.' Held at Urfist de Bordeaux, France, 4 April 2017
https://sygefor.reseau-urfist.fr/#!/training/6701/7159/?from=true
ABSTRACT: The way research is disseminated has changed immeasurably since the advent of the internet, yet we still reward researchers in the same way - for publication of novel results in high impact journals. This talk will start with a brief discussion of some of the big challenges the research sector is facing as a result and describe how Open Science can address these. The talk will then focus on the difficulty of introducing and implementing Open Science solutions. Open Science questions the status quo, and potentially threatens the established reputation of both institutions and individuals. It is not an easy concept to implement. While the discipline of Scholarly Communication takes a 'meta' view of the whole research ecosystem, most players in that system are working within a narrow view. It is very rare for individuals to be able to see beyond their own experience. Challenges for people trying to implement Open Science initiatives range from practical issues in implementing change, through to the people skills and negotiations required to convince individuals and institutions that this change is necessary.
This document discusses open access publishing and open access journals. It notes that open access refers to digital works that are available online for free without restrictions. The document outlines that while open access publishing is increasing, traditional publishers still charge fees to access research. It describes the different versions of scholarly works and options for open access publishing like institutional repositories and open access journals. The conclusion advocates for making scholarly works openly accessible to help disseminate knowledge and address biases caused by paywalls.
This document discusses open access for academics in the humanities and social sciences. It defines open access as making research and teaching resources freely available online without paywalls by self-archiving in repositories or publishing in open access journals. The benefits of open access include increasing the reach, impact and citations of research as well as meeting many funders' requirements. It describes different types of open access repositories and materials that can be archived, and highlights issues like copyright and promoting open access outputs.
Open Access: Blazing Trails through the Scholarly Communication LandscapeMolly Keener
Slides from a presentation given before faculty at Furman University in Greenville, SC, as part of the Libraries' "Scholarly Conversations" series, and in celebration of Open Access Week 2012.
The document discusses open access initiatives in Uganda. It describes how Makerere University and other universities have established institutional repositories to provide open access to scholarly works. The repositories aim to increase the visibility, accessibility and impact of research produced in Ugandan institutions. They allow authors to self-archive publications and theses. The repositories are built on open source software and supported through partnerships with international universities.
Your research matters: increasing visibility, usage and impactIna Smith
This document provides an overview of Open Access Week 2016. It discusses the history and context of open access including the rising costs of journal subscriptions that have limited access. Open access is defined as providing free online access to scholarly works. The benefits of open access are outlined for researchers, educational institutions, students, businesses, funders and the public. Open access models like institutional repositories and open access journals are described. Case studies showcasing open access in action are presented, such as Tesla releasing patents to accelerate sustainable transport. The presentation concludes by emphasizing the importance of open access and lifelong learning.
Open Access Theses & Dissertations: Airing the Anxieties & Finding the FactsJill Cirasella
Writing a thesis or dissertation is hard, and now that most theses and dissertations are deposited and distributed electronically, graduating students face an additional complication: they must decide whether they want to make their dissertations immediately open access (OA), or, at universities that require OA, they must come to terms with the fact that their work will be OA. In this presentation, I survey and scrutinize the anxieties and myths surrounding OA theses and dissertations.
The document discusses the Open Library of Humanities (OLH), an open access publishing platform and initiative for the humanities. It outlines some of the key differences between humanities publishing and STEM/social sciences publishing. It also discusses drivers for open access "from above" through national mandates and "from below" through academic attitudes. The OLH addresses issues of quality, prestige and funding in humanities publishing through innovations like a megajournal, multi-journal platform, book publishing partnerships, and a Library Partnership Subsidy business model. Finally, it discusses opening up scholarly dialogue through developing annotation tools.
Open access (OA) literature is digital content that is available online for free, without restrictions on use or redistribution. There are two main types of OA: self-archiving content in repositories (green OA) and publishing in OA journals (gold OA). Major statements on OA include the Budapest Open Access Initiative and the Bethesda Statement. Institutional and disciplinary repositories archive and provide access to scholarly works. Directories like the Directory of Open Access Journals and the Open Access Directory help locate OA content and information. Benefits of OA include wider dissemination of research and potential citation advantages, while challenges include issues around funding models and publisher resistance.
This document discusses open access and its growth. It defines open access as free, immediate availability of scholarly works without payment barriers. Open access allows any user to read, distribute, and use works for lawful purposes. The open access movement has grown since the 1960s and key developments include the rise of the internet and open licensing. Open access provides benefits to researchers, educational institutions, businesses, and the public. The document promotes self-archiving works in open access repositories and publishing in open access journals to further open sharing of knowledge.
Chromosomes contain DNA and proteins. Eukaryotic chromosomes are made of DNA and histone proteins. Genes are segments of DNA that control traits, and alleles are variant forms of genes. Mutations, such as base substitutions, can cause genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia. Meiosis produces gametes through two cell divisions, resulting in genetic variation. Non-disjunction during meiosis can cause aneuploidies like Down syndrome. Mendel's experiments on pea plants established the laws of inheritance and showed dominant and recessive traits.
"Building Capacity for Open Research" - AAMCKaitlin Thaney
This document discusses challenges with the current state of scientific research and proposes approaches to shift towards more open and reproducible practices. It notes that current systems are designed to create friction and rewards the wrong behaviors. To address this, it advocates taking a multi-faceted approach including improving infrastructure for open tools, standards, best practices, incentives and recognition, training, and policies. Key steps proposed are baking reproducible practices into academia, creating opportunities for experimentation and cross-disciplinary work, and rethinking how researchers are rewarded to support more open science.
Open access for researchers and research managersIryna Kuchma
Presented at “Gaining the momentum: Open Access and advancement of science and research” workshop, African Digital Scholarship & Curation 2009, Thursday 14 May 2009, CSIR Conference Centre, Pretoria, South Africa. About enlarged audience and citation impact, tenure and promotion. Advanced and enhanced metrics. The evidences that Open Access leads to advancement of science and research.
Open access for researchers and students, research managers and publishersIryna Kuchma
The document discusses open access (OA), which refers to free online availability of peer-reviewed literature that allows users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to full text articles. It outlines the benefits of OA such as increased citation rates and access, as well as potential cost savings of OA publishing models. Next steps mentioned include encouraging researchers, managers, and libraries to support OA through various policies, repositories, and outreach.
Open Access Advocacy: Failure and Successes Leslie Chan
In this presentation I share personal reflection with regard to failures in Open Access advocacy, and draw lessons on how we could move forward based on past mistakes.
Open access (OA) to scholarly literature recently hit a major milestone: Half of all research articles published become open access, either immediately or after an embargo period. Are the articles you read among them? What about the articles you write? Are the journals to which you submit open-access friendly? What about the journals for which you peer review? Are there any reasons why the public should not have access to the results of taxpayer-funded research?
In this slideshow, Jill Cirasella (Associate Librarian for Public Services and Scholarly Communication, Graduate Center, CUNY) explains the motivation for OA, describes the details of OA, and differentiates between publishing in open access journals (“gold” OA) and self-archiving works in OA repositories (“green” OA). She also dispels persistent myths about OA and examines some of the challenges to OA.
Scholarly communication refers to the process by which academics produce and share knowledge. It began with scholars meeting to discuss ideas and corresponding through letters. As numbers grew, scholarly journals emerged in 1665 to facilitate the dissemination of research. Throughout the 18th-19th centuries, journals specialized and prioritized scientific findings. Major growth occurred post-WWII. Now, issues include author rights, visibility, and new publishing models like open access, which makes research publicly available online for free. Open access aims to address the "journal crisis" of rising costs limiting access. It benefits knowledge sharing and increased citations, though some debate potential disadvantages like loss of prestige or increased plagiarism risk.
This is a keynote presentation to "Open science, transparence et evaluation. Perspectives et enjeux pour les chercheurs.' Held at Urfist de Bordeaux, France, 4 April 2017
https://sygefor.reseau-urfist.fr/#!/training/6701/7159/?from=true
ABSTRACT: The way research is disseminated has changed immeasurably since the advent of the internet, yet we still reward researchers in the same way - for publication of novel results in high impact journals. This talk will start with a brief discussion of some of the big challenges the research sector is facing as a result and describe how Open Science can address these. The talk will then focus on the difficulty of introducing and implementing Open Science solutions. Open Science questions the status quo, and potentially threatens the established reputation of both institutions and individuals. It is not an easy concept to implement. While the discipline of Scholarly Communication takes a 'meta' view of the whole research ecosystem, most players in that system are working within a narrow view. It is very rare for individuals to be able to see beyond their own experience. Challenges for people trying to implement Open Science initiatives range from practical issues in implementing change, through to the people skills and negotiations required to convince individuals and institutions that this change is necessary.
This document discusses open access publishing and open access journals. It notes that open access refers to digital works that are available online for free without restrictions. The document outlines that while open access publishing is increasing, traditional publishers still charge fees to access research. It describes the different versions of scholarly works and options for open access publishing like institutional repositories and open access journals. The conclusion advocates for making scholarly works openly accessible to help disseminate knowledge and address biases caused by paywalls.
This document discusses open access for academics in the humanities and social sciences. It defines open access as making research and teaching resources freely available online without paywalls by self-archiving in repositories or publishing in open access journals. The benefits of open access include increasing the reach, impact and citations of research as well as meeting many funders' requirements. It describes different types of open access repositories and materials that can be archived, and highlights issues like copyright and promoting open access outputs.
Open Access: Blazing Trails through the Scholarly Communication LandscapeMolly Keener
Slides from a presentation given before faculty at Furman University in Greenville, SC, as part of the Libraries' "Scholarly Conversations" series, and in celebration of Open Access Week 2012.
The document discusses open access initiatives in Uganda. It describes how Makerere University and other universities have established institutional repositories to provide open access to scholarly works. The repositories aim to increase the visibility, accessibility and impact of research produced in Ugandan institutions. They allow authors to self-archive publications and theses. The repositories are built on open source software and supported through partnerships with international universities.
Your research matters: increasing visibility, usage and impactIna Smith
This document provides an overview of Open Access Week 2016. It discusses the history and context of open access including the rising costs of journal subscriptions that have limited access. Open access is defined as providing free online access to scholarly works. The benefits of open access are outlined for researchers, educational institutions, students, businesses, funders and the public. Open access models like institutional repositories and open access journals are described. Case studies showcasing open access in action are presented, such as Tesla releasing patents to accelerate sustainable transport. The presentation concludes by emphasizing the importance of open access and lifelong learning.
Open Access Theses & Dissertations: Airing the Anxieties & Finding the FactsJill Cirasella
Writing a thesis or dissertation is hard, and now that most theses and dissertations are deposited and distributed electronically, graduating students face an additional complication: they must decide whether they want to make their dissertations immediately open access (OA), or, at universities that require OA, they must come to terms with the fact that their work will be OA. In this presentation, I survey and scrutinize the anxieties and myths surrounding OA theses and dissertations.
The document discusses the Open Library of Humanities (OLH), an open access publishing platform and initiative for the humanities. It outlines some of the key differences between humanities publishing and STEM/social sciences publishing. It also discusses drivers for open access "from above" through national mandates and "from below" through academic attitudes. The OLH addresses issues of quality, prestige and funding in humanities publishing through innovations like a megajournal, multi-journal platform, book publishing partnerships, and a Library Partnership Subsidy business model. Finally, it discusses opening up scholarly dialogue through developing annotation tools.
Open access (OA) literature is digital content that is available online for free, without restrictions on use or redistribution. There are two main types of OA: self-archiving content in repositories (green OA) and publishing in OA journals (gold OA). Major statements on OA include the Budapest Open Access Initiative and the Bethesda Statement. Institutional and disciplinary repositories archive and provide access to scholarly works. Directories like the Directory of Open Access Journals and the Open Access Directory help locate OA content and information. Benefits of OA include wider dissemination of research and potential citation advantages, while challenges include issues around funding models and publisher resistance.
This document discusses open access and its growth. It defines open access as free, immediate availability of scholarly works without payment barriers. Open access allows any user to read, distribute, and use works for lawful purposes. The open access movement has grown since the 1960s and key developments include the rise of the internet and open licensing. Open access provides benefits to researchers, educational institutions, businesses, and the public. The document promotes self-archiving works in open access repositories and publishing in open access journals to further open sharing of knowledge.
Chromosomes contain DNA and proteins. Eukaryotic chromosomes are made of DNA and histone proteins. Genes are segments of DNA that control traits, and alleles are variant forms of genes. Mutations, such as base substitutions, can cause genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia. Meiosis produces gametes through two cell divisions, resulting in genetic variation. Non-disjunction during meiosis can cause aneuploidies like Down syndrome. Mendel's experiments on pea plants established the laws of inheritance and showed dominant and recessive traits.
2007-10-19 How To Pass Textbooks Legislation In Your State (SWSLC)Nicole Allen
The document provides strategies for passing legislation to lower the costs of textbooks for college students. It outlines the high costs of textbooks, tactics used by publishers to drive up prices, and how the textbook market differs from a normal market. It then discusses various types of legislation that could be proposed, including price disclosure laws, and strategies for gaining support and passing such legislation, like building coalitions and garnering media attention.
2014-03-26 Libraries & Open Educational Resources (#NERCOMP14)Nicole Allen
The document discusses open educational resources (OER) and the role of libraries in supporting OER. It summarizes that OER are openly licensed educational materials that can be freely used, adapted, and shared. Libraries are helping to address barriers to adopting OER, such as through grant programs that support faculty in selecting and using OER. Examples are provided of library initiatives at various universities that have saved students millions in textbook costs by promoting OER.
OER Overview for Utah Library Professional Development WorkshopNicole Allen
The document discusses the rising cost of college textbooks and the barriers this poses for students. It introduces open educational resources (OER) as an alternative, which are freely licensed educational materials that can be legally adapted and shared. Tidewater Community College is highlighted for developing the first US associate degree program based entirely on OER. Research shows OER can save students over $100 per course on average. The role of libraries in supporting OER adoption through services like guides, workshops, and publishing is also covered.
Open Educational Resources Overview (UT Austin, 4/6/15)Nicole Allen
The document discusses the rising cost of textbooks and the role of open educational resources (OER) in making education more affordable. It notes that textbook prices have risen much faster than inflation, putting financial strain on students. OER provide a solution as they are free to use and can be customized by educators. The document outlines how libraries can support OER adoption through programs, publishing, and collaboration.
This document appears to be a slide presentation about open educational resources (OER) and their potential to help address the rising costs of textbooks and other course materials. Some key points made in the presentation include:
- Textbook prices have risen 812% since 1978, far outpacing inflation rates for other goods. Many students cannot afford required textbooks.
- OER are freely available teaching and learning materials that can be legally reused and adapted. Their use can help lower costs for students while improving learning outcomes.
- Studies have found higher grades and completion rates among students using OER instead of traditional textbooks in some courses. More research is still needed.
- Ways individuals and institutions can support OER adoption include making
OER Policy: Overview & Opportunities (#opened13 11.7.13 Park City, UT)Nicole Allen
The document discusses OER (open educational resources) policy, including different types of policies, advocacy strategies, and opportunities. It describes resource allocation policies that devote funding to OER creation/adoption, licensing policies that require open licensing of educational materials, and inducement policies that acknowledge and support OER use. The presenter advocates presenting OER as a solution, working with stakeholders, and keeping messaging simple. Opportunities discussed include more grants requiring open licensing, state collaboration on textbooks, institutional licensing policies, and policies around the FASTR Act and a White House directive.
The document summarizes findings from a survey about public and civic engagement online in the UK. It finds that most people use the internet to find information about public services and look at political/campaign websites. Around half complete government processes online like renewing licenses, though fewer participate in online debates or contact politicians. People are more confident using online rather than offline government/council services, and signing petitions is a popular civic activity online.
SPARC Webcast: Open Education Week on CampusNicole Allen
This document provides information about an upcoming Open Education Week webcast on February 6th hosted by SPARC. It outlines the agenda for the webcast, including introductions from speakers such as the Executive Director of OpenCourseWare Consortium, a Higher Education Associate from US PIRG, and SPARC's Director of Open Education. The document shares statistics on the high cost of textbooks for students and discusses how open educational resources (OER) can help reduce costs while improving access and teaching. Suggestions are provided for how participants can get involved in raising awareness about OER during Open Education Week from March 10-15.
This document discusses e-democracy in Wales, noting both positives and challenges. It reports that over 2/3 of English authorities are breaking the law by not providing e-petitions, and that about half do not post information on past and planned public consultations online. However, it also gives examples of good e-democracy practices in Bristol, such as making government data accessible across multiple platforms and following up with the public to show their input was heard. The document argues that political blogs can improve democratic processes by facilitating more active participation in political discourse.
2012-10-17 Solving the Textbook Cost Crisis (Open Education 2012) Nicole Allen
1) Textbook prices have increased four times the rate of inflation over the last three decades, with the average student spending $1,168 per year and the average introductory textbook costing $176.
2) Open textbooks, which are free online and affordable in print, provide a solution as they are openly licensed, can be adapted by instructors, and save students money while improving learning outcomes.
3) For open textbooks to be widely adopted, faculty need to adopt them, librarians need to work with faculty, and administrators need to provide support, while students can advocate for solutions to lower costs.
This document discusses the high cost of textbooks for college students and presents open educational resources (OER) as a solution. It notes that textbook prices have risen much faster than inflation and many students cannot afford required books. OER, which are openly licensed educational materials, provide a free alternative. The document outlines the benefits of OER, such as lower costs and greater customization for courses. It also provides examples of organizations creating and using OER and suggests actions faculty and institutions can take to adopt OER.
2011-10-28 Fantasy or Reality: Affordable and Open Access Textbooks (U of Ari...Nicole Allen
The second lecture hosted by the University of Arizona Libraries during its celebration of Open Access Week.
28 October 2011
University of Arizona Open Access Week
Tucson, AZ
This document discusses colors and their meanings, genres of music, and how to find and attract a target audience. It mentions that blue represents calm, white is peaceful, and black is associated with darkness. Mixed genres include rock, rap, and hip hop. The target audience includes females, males, teenagers, and older generations. Technologies learned about include the magic wand tool, crop tool, paint brush, text box, and eye drop tool.
Overview of Open Educational Resources (NSCC Faculty Institute, 6/10/14Nicole Allen
This document discusses open educational resources (OER). It provides an overview of OER, including definitions and the benefits of open licensing. It describes various models for creating and adopting OER, such as open publishing platforms and public funding initiatives. Examples are given of OER adoption at the institutional level, including Tidewater Community College creating degree programs using only OER and reducing costs for students. Barriers to OER are mentioned, along with strategies to support greater awareness, discovery, and use of OER.
SPARC Webcast: Libraries Leading the Way on Open Educational ResourcesNicole Allen
This webcast features three librarians who have been leading OER projects on their campuses. Each will provide an overview of the project, discuss the impact achieved for students, and provide practical tips and advice for other campuses exploring OER initiatives.
Marilyn Billings, Scholarly Communication & Special Initiatives Librarian, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries. Marilyn coordinates the Open Education Initiative, which has saved students more than $750,000 since 2011 by working with faculty to identify low-cost and free alternatives to expensive textbooks.
Kristi Jensen, Program Development Lead, eLearning Support Initiative, University of Minnesota Libraries. The University of Minnesota has emerged as a national leader through its Open Textbook Library, which is a searchable catalog of more than 100 open textbooks. The Libraries also partnered with other entities on campus for their Digital Course Pack project, which has helped streamline the course pack process and make materials more affordable for students.
Shan Sutton, Associate University Librarian for Research and Scholarly Communication, Oregon State University Libraries. The OSU libraries are partnering with the OSU Press for a pilot program to develop open access textbooks by OSU faculty members. The program issued an RFP in the fall, and recently announced four winning proposals that will be published in 2014-2015.
Smartphones make people more productive in the workplace by allowing them to multitask, have telephone conferences, transfer data, access updates, and conduct video conferences, reducing business expenses from travel. They also enable easy access to banking, business networks, and learning materials from anywhere. However, smartphones can be distracting if overused in meetings and the small screens can cause eye strain. While expensive and complicated, smartphones overall improve social engagement and connectivity if used responsibly.
Making Web2.0 for science: Co-production of Web2.0 platforms and knowledgeJames Stewart
This paper examines how two contrasting scholarly publishers are responding to the opportunities and challenges of Web 2.0 to innovate their services. Our findings highlight the need to take seriously the role of publishers in the move towards a vision of more rapid and open scholarly communication and to understand the factors that shape their role as intermediaries in the innovation pathways that may be needed to achieve it.
This document discusses understanding knowledge as a commons from theory to practice. It explores conceptualizing knowledge as a commons using frameworks like the Institutional Analysis and Development framework. It also discusses protecting knowledge commons through open access and governance while incentivizing participation. Creating new knowledge commons involves exploring business models and the role of research libraries in stewarding knowledge as a public good.
Disrupting academic publishing: a future role for librariesBrian Hole
The document discusses Ubiquity Press and its mission to disrupt academic publishing by returning control of publishing to universities. It provides background on Ubiquity Press, noting that it was spun out of University College London in 2012 and aims to help universities establish their own publishing platforms to lower costs and increase prestige. The document also discusses the changing landscape in academic publishing, with moves toward open access mandates in the UK, EU, and US that will require publicly funded research to be published open access.
Open access provides free online access to scholarly research. It benefits authors through increased visibility and impact, readers by removing access barriers, and universities by showcasing their research. Open access is achieved through open access repositories which make publications freely available or open access journals which do not charge subscription fees. While initially concerned about losses, publishers have increasingly accepted open access through allowing repository deposits and offering open access publication options.
This document summarizes a digital natives seminar about open access publishing and predatory journals. It discusses rising journal prices, copyright issues for faculty publishing work, different types of open access like gold and green open access. It describes benefits and issues with open access like identifying predatory journals. It provides resources for evaluating journals and understanding publisher policies on self-archiving. It introduces the institutional repository Constellation that Benedictine University uses to provide open access to scholarly works.
This document summarizes a digital natives seminar about open access publishing and predatory journals. It discusses rising journal prices, copyright issues for faculty publishing work, different types of open access like gold and green open access. It describes benefits and issues with open access like identifying predatory journals. It provides resources for evaluating journals and understanding publisher policies on self-archiving. It introduces the institutional repository Constellation that Benedictine University uses to provide open access to scholarly works.
This document summarizes a digital natives seminar about open access publishing and predatory journals. It discusses rising journal prices, copyright issues for faculty publishing work, different types of open access like gold and green open access. It describes benefits and issues with open access like identifying predatory journals. It provides resources for evaluating journals and understanding publisher policies on self-archiving. It introduces the institutional repository Constellation that Benedictine University uses to provide open access to scholarly works.
New University Presses - Internet Library InternationalLisa Walton
New university presses have emerged to address challenges in scholarly publishing. They focus on open access, have low publication fees, and are often library-driven. Their motivations include increasing visibility, supporting local authors, and reacting to high fees from large publishers. However, they face challenges in resourcing, technology, and demonstrating impact. Despite this, the number of new university presses in the UK has grown significantly in recent years, innovating in areas like publishing non-traditional outputs.
This presentation in intended to introduce Open Access (OA); the OA movement; OA advantages for authors, institutions and society; OA business models and publishing in OA; important tools for research and publishing; and other ‘open’ initiatives.
This document discusses open access, including its definition, origins, benefits, and issues. It begins by explaining that open access refers to published research being freely available online without permission or cost barriers. The origins of open access are then summarized as stemming from rising journal costs, open licensing developments, and the internet enabling free sharing of information. Benefits discussed include increased access, exposure, and potential impact for researchers as well as economic and social benefits. Issues mentioned include costs, quality control, and handling indigenous knowledge. The document provides an overview of open access in 3 sentences or less.
Open access for the inaugural @OpenResLDN meeting 2015 01 19Chris Banks
Slides that I will speak to at the inaugural meeting of OpenResLDN on 19th January 2015. January 2015 sees the 350th anniversary of the first ever journal publication - the Journal des Savants. We are now in the 21st year of the Open Access movement and the UK and European policies are really beginning to drive change and innovation. That change is not fast enough for some, and for others - particularly those covered by the policies, or seeking to implement policy - just a little too fast sometimes.
Open Research comprises open access to the broad range of research outputs, from journal articles and the underlying data to protocols, results (including negative results), software and tools. Open Research increases inclusivity and collaboration, improves transparency and reproducibility of research and underpins research integrity.
This workshop focuses on the benefits of practicing open research for you as a researcher, to improve discoverability and maximise access to your work and to raise your professional profile.
By the end of the session you will:
• Have an understanding of the principles of Open Research
• Understand open licences and how they apply to publications, data and software
• Be able to apply key tools and techniques to increase the visibility of yourself and your research, including repositories, ORCID, social media and altmetrics
• Describe the different ways of making research and data available open access
Open Access: Advantages, Funding, Opportunities Brian Hole
Brian Hole gave a presentation on open access, noting its advantages for research and funding opportunities. He discussed how open access aligns with funders' demands for effective research distribution. Hole also explained different open access funding models like article processing charges and print on demand. Additionally, he saw opportunities in open access books, metajournals that collect different research outputs, and specialized data and software journals.
This document provides an overview of open access (OA) and its history, growth, and implementation at the University of Pittsburgh. It defines OA as digital works that are free of charge and most copyright/licensing restrictions. While still covered by copyright, OA terms allow sharing and reuse. The document outlines the origins and crisis in scholarly publishing that led to OA, as well as milestones in OA's development over recent decades. It then details Pitt's involvement with OA through digital archives, journals, and institutional repositories, and proposes a new OA policy to deposit faculty works. The benefits of OA for increased visibility, dissemination of research, and progress are also highlighted.
This document discusses digital scholarship and how researchers can harness the power of web 2.0 technologies. It provides guidance on developing an online presence through social networking platforms like Academia.edu and ResearchGate to share research, build networks, and increase impact. Key recommendations include retooling online profiles, uploading all research outputs to open repositories, refining publication strategies with impact in mind, and using tools like Google Scholar to measure research dissemination and citations. Harnessing new digital technologies allows researchers to establish wider audiences and collaborate globally.
Changing paradigm in academic scholarly communication
Abstract: The present article aimed to explore the changes took place over the period of time in scholarly communication process. The traditional scholarly communication process is compared and contrasted with open access driven scholarly communication process/model. Also it throws light on how the Web 2.0 has affected the way knowledge is created and disseminated. It also covers new avenues for peer review process, which is an integral part of scholarly communication process. The article ends with future of scholarly communication and the challenges ahead.
This document discusses the rise of electronic journals (e-journals) as a means for research in the 21st century. It notes that e-journals now make up 96% of scholarly articles in sciences, technology, medicine, and 86% in arts, humanities, and social sciences. The advantages of e-journals include unlimited resources, international access, cost-effectiveness, enhanced access to articles, and 24/7 access without geographical boundaries. The document also examines the history of e-journals, publishers' role in marketing them, and issues librarians face in supporting e-journals, such as budget constraints and developing infrastructure.
Academic libraries are increasingly investing in new efforts to support their research and teaching faculty in the activities they care about most. Learn why becoming a publisher can help meet the most fundamental needs of your research community and at the same time can help transform today’s inflationary cost model for serials. We will explore not only why to become a publisher but exactly how to achieve it, step by step, including careful selection of publishing partners, choosing the right platform for manuscript submission and editorial workflow management, one-time processes to launch a new journal, conducting peer reviews, maintaining academic quality, and measuring impact. We’ll also cover the broader range of publishing activities where libraries can have an impact, including open access monographs, general institutional repositories and subject-based author self-archiving repositories. We will close with a review of tools, services, and communities of support to nurture the new library publishing venture.
See accompanying handouts 1-7
Lauren Collister
Electronic Publications Associate, University of Pittsburgh
Timothy S. Deliyannides
Director of the Office of Scholarly Communication and Publishing and Head of Information Technology, University of Pittsburgh
A Presentation made to Liber Europe's 'The Use and Generation of Scientific Content – Roles for Libraries' in Budapest, Hungary Sept 12th, 2016 by Lars Bjørnshauge.
In this presentation, Lars calls into question the use and success of Green Open Access, reminds us of the key role of librarians in the success of open access and calls on governments to support Gold Open Access.
A presentation, made by Lars to the Asian Council of Science Editors, on the problems facing academic publishing and what DOAJ is doing to push a change towards greater openness
This report summarizes data from the Connect OER platform between 2017-2019 about Open Educational Resources (OER) activities at over 120 academic institutions in the US and Canada. It finds that most institutions have library departments leading OER efforts, with faculty champions, teaching centers, and student governments also commonly engaged. About half of institutions have an OER task force. While awareness and adoption are primary campus strategies, efforts also focus on publication, adaptation, and programming like grants and incentives to support faculty.
#CCCZTC Summit | Beyond Affordability: Making Open the DefaultNicole Allen
This document discusses making open educational resources (OER) the default in higher education in order to lower costs and improve education. It notes that while affordability is important, it is not enough, and that openness provides freedom and flexibility through its permissions. The document outlines challenges in ensuring diversity, equity and inclusion with OER and preventing new problems from emerging with technology and data usage. It argues that open should be made the default in order to fulfill institutions' missions and put students first.
Open Education Leadership: National Trends & Best PracticesNicole Allen
This talk takes a step back into the national perspective on open education policy,
practice, and emergent trends that will impact the future of this work in Colorado and
beyond. We will cover the latest developments in federal legislation and funding,
what kinds of initiatives are happening in other states, and some of the key strategic
challenges ahead. It also offers concrete tools and best practices to support
leadership and effective advocacy for open education to benefit students.
Policy and Advocacy in Open Education | #NESummit2019Nicole Allen
This document discusses open education policy and advocacy. It begins by providing statistics on the high cost of textbooks for students and the near-monopoly of major publishers. It then outlines the growth of open educational resources (OER) and open licensing. Several examples of state and institutional OER policies are presented, which aim to reduce costs and improve access to education. The document emphasizes that OER policy is only effective if implemented and supported by stakeholders across higher education institutions and states. Advocacy efforts should engage students, faculty, administrators, libraries and others.
This document defines and discusses open educational resources (OER). It provides three definitions of OER - from the Hewlett Foundation, UNESCO, and in plain language. It explains that OER are teaching, learning and research materials that are freely available, can be edited and shared. The document outlines the 5R permissions for OER - retain, reuse, revise, remix, redistribute. It provides examples of open educational resources and initiatives. It notes that 13% of faculty are currently using OER. The document also distinguishes what open educational resources are and are not, such as just being affordable or CC licensed materials.
#NCLIVEOPEN | Open Education LeadershipNicole Allen
This document summarizes Nicole Allen's presentation on open education and leadership in aligning practices with values. It discusses the rising cost of textbooks over time, the open education movement beginning in 2005, and the growth of open educational resources (OER) through initiatives at universities. It notes challenges from publishers and opportunities for libraries and states to support OER. The presentation concludes by arguing leaders should make the future open to realize goals like inclusive, collaborative education and minimizing barriers to learning.
Holding the Line on Open in an Evolving LandscapeNicole Allen
This document summarizes the evolution of open educational resources (OER) over the past 10 years. It notes that textbook prices have risen 150% while overall consumer prices only rose 25%, forcing many students to do without textbooks. It celebrates the growth of OER and open licensing but cautions that commercial publishers are increasingly co-opting the OER model. It argues that the academic community must thoughtfully decide how to support OER to ensure students' needs are prioritized and control over academic content is maintained.
OER 101 Pre-Conference @ Effordability Summit 2019Nicole Allen
This document outlines the agenda and goals for an OER advocacy workshop. The workshop aims to help participants understand OER, identify key stakeholders and their perspectives, develop communication strategies, and begin formulating an action plan. The agenda includes an introduction to OER, a discussion of stakeholder views, developing elevator pitches to advocate for OER, and addressing challenges. The goal is for participants to commit to concrete next steps to benefit students through OER on their own campuses.
Open Education: Putting Students FirstNicole Allen
This document discusses the high costs of traditional college textbooks and the rise of open educational resources (OER) as an alternative. It notes that textbook prices have risen much faster than overall consumer prices and that many students opt not to purchase textbooks due to high costs. The document introduces OER, which are open-licensed educational materials that can be freely used, shared, and adapted. It provides examples of OER initiatives and research showing their impact. The document argues that widespread adoption of OER could help make higher education more affordable and accessible while aligning practices with values of openness. It calls for building community around OER, realigning incentives to encourage OER creation, and thinking bigger about open education's potential.
#FLOERsummit2019 | Open Education: Past, Present, FutureNicole Allen
This document discusses the history and future of open education. It outlines how the rising costs of textbooks have negatively impacted students and led to the growth of open educational resources (OER). OER are free to use and can be retained, reused, revised, remixed and redistributed. While OER use is increasing, traditional commercial publishers still dominate the textbook market. The future of open education will depend on whether cost-saving OER or profit-driven commercial materials are more widely adopted.
This document outlines an advocacy workshop for open educational resources (OER) at Xavier University. It includes sections on defining advocacy, stakeholder engagement, advocacy strategy, and developing elevator pitches. Attendees are asked to introduce themselves and their interest in OER advocacy. The document then discusses identifying problems with the current educational resources system and how OER provides a solution. It provides guidance on setting goals for advocacy efforts and choosing strategies and tactics to persuade stakeholders to support OER adoption and use. Communication tips are offered, and a framework is given for constructing an effective elevator pitch about OER.
#AZOER19 | Open Education: Past, Present, FutureNicole Allen
This document discusses the past, present, and future of open education. It notes that the cost of textbooks has risen dramatically compared to overall consumer prices, limiting students' access to education. Open educational resources (OER) provide a free and open alternative to traditional textbooks. Their use is growing, though traditional publishers are also entering the space. Moving forward, the document argues that open education must align with open values of free reuse and remixing of content to maximize benefits for students.
Short talk on Open Education Leadership Summit Panel 1: Different Forms of Openness: open access, open educational resources, open science, open government...
#OERMHEC | OER Policy and ImplementationNicole Allen
This document summarizes Nicole Allen's presentation on open educational resources (OER) policy and implementation. It discusses the high costs of textbooks for students and the near-monopoly of major publishers. It promotes OER which are free and permissioned educational resources that can be retained, reused, revised, remixed and redistributed. The presentation outlines strategies for states and institutions to promote OER adoption, including removing barriers, incentivizing use, and potentially mandating OER. It notes challenges in ensuring OER remain truly open and do not become proprietary.
This document provides an overview of open educational resources (OER) policy at the national, state, and local levels. It discusses:
1) Changes in state funding for higher education that have increased costs for students. OER can help reduce costs.
2) National policy developments that support OER, including a $2 billion workforce grant program requiring open licensing.
3) Types of state OER policies that have been implemented, such as grant programs, course designation, and task forces.
4) The importance of including stakeholders and understanding how policy definitions and language can impact policy goals and outcomes.
How do we collect and present evidence on the impact of open?Nicole Allen
This document discusses open educational resources (OER) and ways to collect and present evidence of their impact. It provides examples of OER projects that have reduced costs for students and institutions. The document advocates for using OER to increase access and affordability of education. It also discusses critical questions to consider when evaluating the impact of OER, such as whether the benefits are distributed equitably.
This document discusses the high cost of textbooks and the barriers it poses for students. It presents open educational resources (OER) as a solution that can help make education more affordable and accessible. OER are teaching and learning materials that are free to use and distribute. The document argues that universities should incentivize faculty creation and adoption of OER to lower costs for students and promote equity. It also cautions that initiatives claiming to be open still need to uphold open values of inclusiveness and removing barriers to participation.
Connect OER: Mapping Trends and Collective Impact in North American Higher EdNicole Allen
This document summarizes trends in open educational resources (OER) programs in North American higher education. It finds that OER programs primarily focus on adoption and awareness strategies. Library departments and subjects like psychology and sociology have seen the most engagement with OER. While OER use is growing, issues around inclusive access and paid content behind paywalls posing as OER remain concerns in the field.
Big Wins and Next Steps: This Year OER PolicyNicole Allen
This document summarizes recent developments in open educational resources (OER) policy at the federal and state levels. It outlines federal support for OER through legislation like the Affordable College Textbook Act and grants promoting open textbooks. Several states have also passed OER policies, including Colorado, Texas, Virginia, and Connecticut. The document defines key OER terms and lists resources for tracking state OER policies. It concludes by noting trends in OER adoption in K-12 education.
#OESS18 | Holding the Line on Open in an Evolving Course Content LandscapeNicole Allen
The open educational resources (OER) movement has grown considerably in the past decade. With this growth, we have seen new players enter the open education space from commercial publishers to learning platform companies. The entrance of these new players into the space is part of a larger shift in the course materials market as technology has changed both access to knowledge and the way students learn. New actors are putting considerable pressure on institutions to purchase new platforms and suites of materials below market price that often contain OER. Some of these platforms for delivery are part of a larger model often called “inclusive access” or “digital discount” programs. These new models and products beg the question, “what is actually best for students?” Providing open educational resources to students without barriers is truly the best way to ensure students have access to the materials they need. How do we make smart decisions on content and content delivery with changing technology and new actors in the OER space? This session will outline existing and new players in the OER movement and discuss strategies for choosing content delivery models.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
1. when open is not enough
educators grappling with the need for libre
Laura Quilter, UMass Amherst (@lquilter) March 21, 2015
Nicole Allen, SPARC (@txtbks)
2. academia in crisis
• Despite successes of OA & growth curve, challenges remain
• Entrenched third-party economic interests …
• with significant control over legacy content &
• Significant political power
• Internal fractures & gaps
• Intra-university – faculty $$, tech transfer, presses, scholarly societies
• Disciplinary gaps
• Real confusion, and questions, over core licensing regime
• Perverse incentives to perpetuate third-party economic interests against self-
interest of academy
• Solutions unclear: F/OSS, Wikipedia, some disciplines offer possible
models.
4. defining academia
TEACHING [learning] and RESEARCH [publication /
learning] done NOT-FOR-PROFIT
• fundamentally about creating & disseminating knowledge
• preK-12, higher ed, librarians
• for-profit parallel industries; segmented, except in code,
because of network characteristics of for-profit industries
• Professional creative sectors: academics, coders,
commercial creators, journalists. Large economies built
around the professions; cf. nonprofessional creative
sectors (smaller economies). Lines blurring! [e.g., etsy]
6. striking features
• Publishers: Originally cooperative model; became service
sector over time; growth in prestige gave them market
power; larger commercial publishing sector trends shifted
their business model.
• Highly commercialized academic publishing
• Highly commercialized educational services sector
• Informal & ad hoc sharing: Methods, reagents; syllabi
• University commercialization:
• Bayh-Dole 1980; Tech Transfer
• Online Education, Works-Made-for-Hire, Academic
Freedom Exemptions
7. coders & academics
academics
• Salaried [universities]
• Reputation: Peer/Community assessment
• Sector product is split between publishers, academics,
& universities; “independent” work not separately
incentivized, but included in the whole
• Dissemination is overt goal; “scooping” &
protectionism to establish reputation are counter-trends
• Build on earlier work, necessitating open
infrastructure; interoperability, sharing of methods.
Proprietary controls based on paywalls—access
always there, for a fee.
coders
• Salaried [employers]
• Reputation: Peer/Community assessment
• Sector product is split between employer-owned product
and independently owned
• Interoperability & competition are overt goals;
dissemination depends on specific product. Role of
“scooping” in F/OSS a question; in commercial sector,
treated by law.
• Builds on earlier work; but significant proprietary code
base; regulated by law (copyright, patent); leads to
parallel structures / worlds. [MacOS, Windows, Linux]
Compare with commercial creators (musicians, novelists) and journalists.
Each economy has creators; service sectors that have become vested third-
party interests that claim ownership rights.
8. Problems Promoting the Progress
• Obvious individual harms from paywalls: Ellen Roche.
Preventable death; information about side effects locked
away behind paywalls.
• Social imbalances: Global south & undeveloped nations;
less privileged sectors & groups of all sorts
• Academia’s internal for-profit arm (tech transfer) leading to
perverse incentives [hold off publishing; patent litigation]
and overlawyering, hampering basic research [MTAs]
• Drain of capital out of academia to for-profit publishers
9. For-profit publishers
• Transfer of capital out of academy to for-profit sector, while
in direct conflict with central mission of academy
• Restrictions on use by second authors
• Restrictions on re-use by authors of their own content
• Takedowns by ASCE, Elsevier, IOP, others
• Charges to reprint figures
• Restrictions on use in teaching
• Litigations : Cambridge Univ. Press v. Georgia State Univ.;
AIME v. UCLA; Canada, India, Israel, New Zealand
• Loss of control over risk management; e.g., shifting fair use
analysis to for-profit sector
• Lobbying against open access policies
• Profiting from OA policies – e.g., higher fees & hybrid double-
dipping
• Selling OA articles
11. OA timeline
• 1971 – Project Gutenberg
• 1983 – GNU Project
• 1985 – Free Software Foundation founded
• 1989 – PACS-R, online open access journal; others followed
• 1991 – arXiv.org, physics preprint server; others
• 1992 – Various NIH projects from NCBI etc.
• 1994 – National Academies Press free, online versions
• 1994 – Stevan Harnad “self-archiving” proposal
• 1994 – Social Science Research Network [SSRN]
• 1996 – Bermuda Principles for humane genome data
• 1996 – Internet Archive
• 1997 – PubMed launched by NCBI; incorporated MedLine index
• 1998 – ARL launched SPARC, Schol Publ’g & Acad. Resourc Coal.
• 2000 – PubMed Central for free full-text
• 2001 – Wikipedia
• 2001 – PLOS announced; launched in 2002
• 2002 – Budapest Open Access Initiative
• 2002 – Creative Commons launched
• 2002 – SHERPA / ROMEO launched by JISC-FAIR
• 2002 – HHMI committed to funding gold
• 2003 – Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing
• 2003 – NIH Data Sharing Policy
• 2003 – Berlin Declaration on OA to Knowledge in Sciences & Humanities
• 2005 – NIH Public Access Policy
• 2005 – Research Councils UK draft OA policy
• 2005 – Wellcome Trust Mandate
• 2006 – Major publishers begin adopting hybrid journal programs
• mid-2000s : European mandates … author addenda … OA funds
• 2008 – Harvard mandate (opt-out with automatic waivers)
• 2008 – NIH mandate passed into law
• 2013 – White House OSTP Memorandum
12. “Open” successes
• Wikipedia & crowd-sourced knowledge sharing
• Open science – participatory science
• Open Access Movement – primarily journal articles,
therefore sciences; some movement on monographs
(humanities/social sciences)
• Open Education Movement
• Open Data [codifying informal practices]
13. Wikipedia
• Crowd-sourced knowledge sharing; from the people, for the
people
• Problems:
• Recapitulation of existing social inequities
• Bureaucratic growth
• Integrating academics & experts
• Non-Problems:
• Financial
• Initial editor / creation
• Numerous related & side & small projects (fandom!);
recognition for crowd-sourced knowledge communities.
14. Open Science
• Citizen science - sharing methods & reagents; crowd-
sourcing data collection. Promising effort that applies the
original academic vision, but early days yet
• Problems
• High barriers to entry in knowledge & capital; these also
recapitulate existing social inequities
• Infrastructure is professionalized & commercialized
• Models & Initiatives: Astronomy; distributed computing
projects; maker/DIY movement;
15. OPEN ACCESS
• Open Access [to published articles/research] – “free
online access to scientific and scholarly research
literature” – “Open access (OA) literature is digital,
online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and
licensing restrictions.” – Peter Suber, Open Access
• Focused on journal literature because most bang for the
buck. Immediate implications for access to health &
medical information; these exported into major gains
across global south & underdeveloped regions, players,
etc.
16. The Development of Open Access Journal Publishing from 1993 to 2009, Mikael Laakso et al, June 13, 2011. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020961
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0020961#pone-0020961-g004
17. The graph (from Laasko and Bjork's paper - BMC Medicine 2012, 10:124) shows the numbers of papers published in three different
types of online open access journals from 2000 to 2011. Mikael Laakso, Bo-Christer Björk/BMC Medicine. Sourced from The
Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/science/occams-corner/2012/oct/22/inexorable-rise-open-access-scientific-
publishing
18. Growth in funder OA policies
http://roarmap.eprints.org, screen-captured 2015/03/21
20. Open in academia
• Open ACCESS … open DATA … open EDUCATION
• GOLD versus GREEN open access
• GRATIS versus LIBRE (in academia)
21. Open in academia
• Open Access [to published articles/research] – “free
online access to scientific and scholarly research
literature” – “Open access (OA) literature is digital,
online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and
licensing restrictions.” – Peter Suber, Open Access
• “free of most” – attribution required
• Removes price tags / toll access [creating “gratis”]
• Removes copyright permission requirements for repro / dist
• Removes copyright restrictions on derivatives
• Requires re-distribution on equivalent terms
22. “green” versus “gold”
• Green: self-archiving in repositories
• Gold: open access when published by journal or press
23. “green”
• Green: self-archiving in repositories.
• Rights blurry: Rights restricted by transfer of copyright to
academic publishers; “permitted” by agreement of
publisher.
• Copy not “final” & not preferred: Preprints; author final
manuscript; sometimes embargoed.
• Institutional & funder mandates in US largely
implement / require GREEN, relying on commercial
search engines (Google Scholar) to enable access
24. “gold”
• Gold: open access when published by journal or press.
• Key advantages: Rights clear up-front
• How to support commercial publishers or enable their
transition from toll to open access? Author fees.
• Recommendation by RCUK led to perverse incentives
• Gold rush of predatory publishers
• Hybrid journals & double-dipping
• Higher fees for hybrid journals & commercial publishers
25. “gratis” versus “libre”
in academic open access
“Gratis OA is free of charge but not more free than that. Users must still seek permission to exceed fair use. Gratis OA removes price barriers but not permission barriers.”
“Libre OA is free of charge and also free of some copyright and licensing restrictions. Users have permission to exceed fair use, at least in certain ways. Because there are
many ways to exceed fair use, there are many degrees or kinds of libre OA. Libre OA removes price barriers and at least some permission barriers.
-- Peter Suber, Open Access, p.66
26. “gratis” versus “libre”
in the Open Access Movement
• gratis: still relies on fair use or permission to reproduce &
distribute; to “use”, build on, translate, etc.
27. problems persist
• “Journal articles” first approach – monographs, whole disciplines
lagging behind
• Licensing choices – implications not always understood; adverse
interests of commercial players have affected choices.
• Entrenched players with vested commercial interests.
• Reputation management outsourced to (captured by?) the entrenched
commercial players.
• Academic publishing is VERY profitable.
• Educational services market is VERY profitable (and one of the few
ways in which academics earn $$$ for product).
• Perverse incentives in funding transition
32. Budapest Open Access Initiative
By “open access” to [peer-reviewed research
literature], we mean its free availability on the public
internet, permitting any users to read, download,
copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts
of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them
as data to software, or use them for any other lawful
purpose, without financial, legal, or technical
barriers other than those inseparable from gaining
access to the internet itself. The only constraint on
reproduction and distribution, and the only role for
copyright in this domain, should be to give authors
control over the integrity of their work and the right
to be properly acknowledged and cited.
33. Budapest Open Access Initiative
By “open access” to [peer-reviewed research
literature], we mean its free availability on the public
internet, permitting any users to read, download,
copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts
of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them
as data to software, or use them for any other lawful
purpose, without financial, legal, or technical
barriers other than those inseparable from gaining
access to the internet itself. The only constraint on
reproduction and distribution, and the only role for
copyright in this domain, should be to give authors
control over the integrity of their work and the right
to be properly acknowledged and cited.
34. Budapest Open Access Initiative
By “open access” to [peer-reviewed research
literature], we mean its free availability on the public
internet, permitting any users to read, download,
copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts
of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them
as data to software, or use them for any other lawful
purpose, without financial, legal, or technical
barriers other than those inseparable from gaining
access to the internet itself. The only constraint on
reproduction and distribution, and the only role for
copyright in this domain, should be to give authors
control over the integrity of their work and the right
to be properly acknowledged and cited.
35. Budapest Open Access Initiative
By “open access” to [peer-reviewed research
literature], we mean its free availability on the public
internet, permitting any users to read, download,
copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts
of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them
as data to software, or use them for any other lawful
purpose, without financial, legal, or technical
barriers other than those inseparable from gaining
access to the internet itself. The only constraint on
reproduction and distribution, and the only role for
copyright in this domain, should be to give authors
control over the integrity of their work and the right
to be properly acknowledged and cited.
36.
37. Routes to Open Access
1. Self Archiving (or “Green” OA)
2. Open Access Journals (or “Gold” OA)
42. Panton Principles: Summary
1.Make a robust statement of your wishes for the re-
use and re-purposing of data
2.Use a recognized license or waiver
3.The use of licenses consistent with the Open
Definition is strongly encouraged (use of licenses
that limit commercial use or derivatives is strongly
discouraged)
4.Placing data in the public domain is strongly
encouraged (especially when the data is publicly
funded)
48. UNESCO OER Definition
Open Educational Resources (OER) are
teaching, learning and research materials
in any medium, digital or otherwise, that
reside in the public domain or have been
released under an open license that
permits no-cost access, use, adaptation
and redistribution by others with no or
limited restrictions.
49. UNESCO OER Definition
Open Educational Resources (OER) are
teaching, learning and research materials
in any medium, digital or otherwise, that
reside in the public domain or have been
released under an open license that
permits no-cost access, use, adaptation
and redistribution by others with no or
limited restrictions.
50. UNESCO OER Definition
Open Educational Resources (OER) are
teaching, learning and research materials
in any medium, digital or otherwise, that
reside in the public domain or have been
released under an open license that
permits no-cost access, use, adaptation
and redistribution by others with no or
limited restrictions.
51. UNESCO OER Definition
Open Educational Resources (OER) are
teaching, learning and research materials
in any medium, digital or otherwise, that
reside in the public domain or have been
released under an open license that
permits no-cost access, use, adaptation
and redistribution by others with no or
limited restrictions.
55. TAACCCT Licensing
As a condition of the receipt of a TAACCCT
grant, the grantee will be required to license
to the public all work (except for computer
software source code, discussed below)
created with the support of the grant under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY)
license. Work that must be licensed under the
CC BY includes both new content created
with the grant funds and modifications made
to pre-existing, grantee-owned content using
grant funds.
56. TAACCCT Licensing
As a condition of the receipt of a TAACCCT
grant, the grantee will be required to license
to the public all work (except for computer
software source code, discussed below)
created with the support of the grant under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY)
license. Work that must be licensed under the
CC BY includes both new content created
with the grant funds and modifications made
to pre-existing, grantee-owned content using
grant funds.
57. TAACCCT Licensing
Further, the Department requires that all
computer software source code developed or
created with TAACCCT funds will be released
under an intellectual property license that
allows others to use and build upon them.
Specifically, the grantee will release all new
source code developed or created with
TAACCCT grant funds under an open license
acceptable to either the Free Software
Foundation and/or the Open Source Initiative.
62. CC-NC
Nina Paley, Mimi & Eunice, #219: “Money on the Internet”
Initial trend was a default CC-BY-NC; sometimes with –ND or –SA.
Early adopters were frankly unhappy with commercial academic outfits, and –NC seemed
obvious way to undermine them.
63. CC-BY
OASPA : Why CC-BY?
http://oaspa.org/why-cc-by/
“To fully realise that potential of open access to research literature, barriers to reuse
need to be removed.”
“The most liberal Creative Commons license is CC-BY, which allows for unrestricted
reuse of content, subject only to the requirement that the source work is appropriately
attributed.”
“CC-BY is now emerging as the gold standard for OA publishing, particularly in STM
fields.”
OASPA (Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association) + SPARC Europe Seal of
Approval program for OA journals : Both recommend CC-BY
64. from CC-BY-NC to CC-BY
http
://blogs.plos.org/opens/2014/08/15/rise-rise-creative-commons-1-2m-cc-licensed-schola
rly-articles
/
“1.2M CC licensed scholarly articles”
720,000 of them CC-BY
DOAJ: 547K CC-BY … 312K CC-BY-NC
Major Funder Mandates Now Trending CC-BY:
• OASPA requirements
• Wellcome Trust – CC-BY
• Bill Gates – CC-BY [gold], as of 2015/01/17 ; data
65. the beef with CC-NC
http://oaspa.org/why-cc-by/
2005 : Kuro5hin - http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2005/9/11/16331/0655
(1) “Non-Commercial” is vague & unclear
(2) Biased for academic uses and against commercial uses: “Enabling the commercial
sector to have access to and freedom to reuse the findings of published research (as
exemplified by the human genome project) is a natural way to seek to achieve
these ends.”
(3) The "non-commercial use only" variants of the Creative Commons licenses are
non-free, and in some ways worse than traditional copyright law -- because it can
be harder to move away from them once people have made the choice. – kuro5hin
(1) Incompatible with other free content
(2) Rule out other basic uses
(3) Support current copyright terms
(4) Commercial players use –NC to exclude competition
66. CC-NC – 2nd thoughts
http://oaspa.org/why-cc-by/
• Anxieties about combination, permission, & permanence perhaps overstated:
• These are non-exclusive licenses & other licenses can happen, or be changed.
• Combination possible, so long as labeling & accounting followed
• -NC hasn’t been well-tested, but although grey, not necessarily excluded
• Central academic concern: Forecloses automatic harvesting & indexing in for-
profit databases of aggregated content. Good or bad? YMMV
• Possible cause of action in –NC: Publishers like Elsevier are continuing to sell CC-
licensed works. CC-NC gives open access rightsholders a cause of action.
• OASPA will not work with CC-SA or CC-ND (but will with CC-BY or CC-NC).
68. CC-ND
NO DERIVATIVES [ND]
http://oaspa.org/why-cc-by/
“Derived use is fundamental to the way in which scholarly research builds on what has
gone before. One of the many benefits of open access publishing is that elements such
as figures from a published research article can be reused, with attribution, as part of
teaching material, or in other published works, without needing to request permission
of the publisher. Similarly, article translations, image libraries, case report databases,
text-mining enhancements and data visualizations are all examples of how additional
value can be created by allowing derivative use.”
• OASPA will not work with CC-SA or CC-ND (but will with CC-BY or CC-NC).
69. CC-SA
SHARE-ALIKE [SA]
http://oaspa.org/why-cc-by/
• “For example, material distributed within a Share-Alike article could only be
combined and redistributed with other share-alike content. In contrast, CC-BY
content can be combined with any content, and redistributed according to the terms
of that other content, as long as CC-BY’s own attribution requirement is respected.”
– False on its terms, since CC-BY can be mixed with CC-SA, so long as it is re-
distributed with a CC-BY-SA.
• OASPA will not work with CC-SA or CC-ND (but will with CC-BY or CC-NC).
71. core goals
• Students must be able to learn; society needs education broadly dispersed
• Academics need attribution & reputation management
• Dissemination to scholars, practitioners, & consumers, of immediate products &
infrastructure of research – papers, monographs; datasets; methods; reagents
• Promotes the Progress
• Remedies social inequities
• Fulfills individual goals & institutional missions
• Economically efficient – knowledge as a commons reduces transaction costs
• Enable building upon existing work
• Verifiability & Bug-Checking
• Incrementalist [better mousetraps]
• Innovative [peanut butter + chocolate; FTL drives]
• Aggregate [meta-analyses & algorithmic discoveries]
• New fields of study [digital humanities, e.g., linguistic, rhetorical analysis]
72. how to do community?
fostering & maintaining communities – what works?
• Lessons from Wikipedia
• F/OSS
• preexisting academic networks – informal sharing; scholarly societies; conferences.
Preprint servers have proven successful
Challenges:
• Academia is highly discipline-specific
• In software, salary & side projects can be separate; in academia, not so much—side
projects are salaried, intentionally. But this means that side projects are subject to
constraints of primary profession – politics, risk aversion, existing ownership rules,
bureaucracy, etc.
• Broadening the community really threatens elitism of academy. Academics worry
about misuses of science for political purposes (Sarah Palin); misunderstandings by
nonscientists (climate change denialists, anti-vaxxers, etc.).
• Response from library community : Remedy for speech is more speech
73. Internal conflicts
• Disciplinary gaps
• Ownership interests within the University:
• University Tech Transfer
• University presses
• Online education
• Scholarly societies
• Faculty profits from patents & educational sector
Possible responses
• Re-asserting mission-first principles of university & societies ??
• F/OSS manages to maintain parallel structures; how?
74. challenges & lessons
Entrenched actors with adverse interests
• one response is to “code around” & build alternatives.
• Problem: Building parallel structure of information leaves gaps.
• Example: ProQuest (dissertation abstracts) versus NDLTD [Networked
Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations]
• Problem: Already captured content. Abandon or recapture?
• Termination of Copyright – 35 years. [1980 songs & comics right now]
• Example: Substituting significant revenues given to scholarly societies by
commercial publishers.
• Build alternative new societies reinvents the wheel, abandons existing
infrastructures, leaves orphans
75. TDM
PLOS: 2014/03/09 – Best Practices in Content Mining. http
://blogs.plos.org/opens/2014/03/09/best-practice-enabling-content-mining/
Does CC adequately provide for data mining in any case? - relation with EU Database
Protection Directive.