Openness in Teaching, Research, and Publishing
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This document discusses openness in teaching, research, and publishing. It defines open access as research outputs that are immediately available online for free without severe restrictions. Regarding teaching, it suggests using open resources like OERs instead of expensive textbooks and using Wikipedia in the classroom. For research, it notes open access helps level the playing field and accelerate discovery. Researchers can participate through open access repositories and making their own work openly available. For publishing, it dispels myths that open access is not peer-reviewed or expensive and notes different models like gold and green open access as well as retaining rights to works.
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Openness in Teaching, Research, and Publishing
- 1. Openness in Teaching, Research, and Publishing Hillary Corbett Northeastern University Library Presentation for Merrimack College Faculty March 1, 2016
- 2. How Can Open Access Help You… • Teach? • Research? • Publish? • Q & A
- 3. What is “Open Access”? “Open Access provides the means to maximize the visibility, and thus the uptake and use, of research outputs. Open Access is the immediate, online, free availability of research outputs without the severe restrictions on use commonly imposed by publisher copyright agreements….” —Open Access Scholarly Information Sourcebook (OASIS) Source: OpenOASIS.org
- 4. Openness and Teaching • Understand and harness students’ interest in a sharing culture • Encourage students to use open-access or rights-free resources in their multimedia projects • Use, remix, and create Open Educational Resources (OERs) as alternatives to high- cost textbooks • Use open resources like Wikipedia in the classroom
- 5. Openness and Teaching Understand and harness students’ interest in a sharing culture • Various studies report that anywhere from 60-90% of college students have downloaded music files illegally • Students live their lives online and expect to find everything they need there • But intent matters – does the creator/owner want their material to be freely available?
- 6. Openness and Teaching Encourage students to use open-access or rights-free resources in their multimedia projects • Help them identify and locate these resources – Creative Commons-licensed and public domain images on Google Image Search, Flickr, DPLA – Royalty-free music sites – Moving Image Archive from archive.org • Remind them that they still need to cite!
- 7. Openness and Teaching Use, remix, and create Open Educational Resources (OERs) as alternatives to high- cost textbooks • Students spend avg. of $1300 per year on textbooks • Look at clearinghouses like Open Textbook Library and MERLOT to find free, high-quality materials w/ Amazon-style reviews • Adapt what you find as needed, or think about creating your own!
- 8. Openness and Teaching Use open resources like Wikipedia in the classroom • Go beyond advising students to avoid or use caution when citing… • Creating or editing a Wikipedia entry is a great learning activity! – Writing for a public audience – Following guidelines for best practices (neutral tone; finding, assessing & citing sources, etc.) – Can be a resume builder – It’s cool! More info: Wikimedia Outreach
- 9. Openness and Research • Getting access to paywalled resources inside and outside academia • How does the Open Access movement help researchers? • How can you best participate in research sharing?
- 10. Openness and Research Source: Vimeo
- 11. Openness and Research Getting access to paywalled resources inside and outside academia • How do you, as a Merrimack faculty member, get access to the research you need? • How would your answer change if you were not affiliated with a college? • How would your answer change if you were in a developing country?
- 12. Openness and Research How does the Open Access movement help researchers? • Accelerates communication and discovery • Levels the playing field “Alaska, too, saw the census enumerator arrive in his dog sled.” ca. 1940 Source: National Archives
- 13. Openness and Research How can you best participate in research sharing? • Use high-quality open access resources, eg.: – Digital Commons Network – Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) – Disciplinary repositories (SSRN, RePEc, arXiv, etc.) – Open Access Theses and Dissertations (OATD.org) • Make your own work available open access! – Merrimack ScholarWorks
- 14. Openness and Publishing • Myths about Open Access publishing • Different “flavors” of OA publishing, and what they mean • Retaining some rights to your work • Funder requirements
- 15. Openness and Publishing Do you think Open Access publishing is… • Vanity publishing? – Emphasis is on providing high-quality research, not making the most money • Not peer-reviewed? – Reputable OA journals have the same peer-review structure as subscription-based journals • Expensive for authors? – An estimated 70% of journals in DOAJ (total: >10K) are completely free to publish in – In cases where an article processing fee is charged, authors themselves pay only 12% of the time • Low-impact? – As early as 2004, Thomson Scientific found in each of its subject areas, there was at least one OA title that ranked at or near the top of its field in impact Sources: The Guardian; Study of Open Access Publishing; Thomson-Reuters
- 16. What is “Open Access”? (Part II) “…It is definitely not vanity publishing or self- publishing, nor about the literature that scholars might normally expect to be paid for, such as books for which they hope to earn royalty payments. It concerns the outputs that scholars normally give away free to be published – peer- reviewed journal articles, conference papers and datasets of various kinds.” —Open Access Scholarly Information Sourcebook (OASIS) Source: OpenOASIS.org
- 17. Openness and Publishing Different ways to make your work available open access • “Gold” vs. “Green” – Gold=Formal. Submit your article for publication in an open-access journal – Green=Informal. Share your work in an open- access repository
- 20. Openness and Publishing Retaining rights to your work • Ask about amending your author contract so you can do things like: – Make copies of your work for class reading – Share your work informally with your colleagues – Deposit your work in Merrimack ScholarWorks • These are rights that you usually sign away! • It never hurts to ask, and the more people who ask, the better
- 21. Openness and Publishing Funder requirements • If you receive research funding from a government agency or foundation, you may be required to make your published results available open-access • Check with your funder!
- 22. Questions? Please get in touch! E-mail: h.corbett@neu.edu Twitter: @zetamathian
Editor's Notes
- There are a lot of slightly different “definitions” of OA out there; I like this one because it is very broad. We’ll see what comes after the ellipses later in the presentation.
- Many students see nothing wrong with downloading music, movies, TV shows, even their textbooks. They see it as a victimless crime, despite what the FBI warning tells them on the DVDs they’re ripping. Young people do lots of things that are technically against the law, after all. A study at the University of Nebraska in 2011 showed that they considered downloading much less problematic than shoplifting
- Poll: Differences between citing something and getting permission to use it -- plagiarism (ethical) vs. infringement (legal) -- separate issues -- example: you can plagiarize a public-domain text but not be infringing on anyone’s copyright -- other side of that: students sometimes think that if they use an image they found online, as long as they say where they got it from it’s not a problem (for a paper, it’s probably fine, but for something like a video project that they’re going to post on YouTube, they need to get permission)
- 65% of students in a national survey reported they did not buy a required textbook due to cost; of those students 94% were concerned it would affect their grade 30% of students use financial aid to pay for textbooks
- Q: How many people tell students not to cite Wikipedia as a source? Wikipedia is out there – it’s not going away. Why not encourage students to engage with it in a productive way?
- Poll: how do you get access to an article in a journal the library doesn’t subscribe to? (ILL, Google Scholar, ask colleague at another institution to download it, contact author, ask on Twitter, etc.)
- You may have heard different forms of OA described as “gold” and “green” – the problem is that no one can ever remember what these mean! An easier way to think of it is as formal vs. informal means of open distribution.
- Note that the beginning and end points are the same—research is done, and scientific progress is accelerated.