Birute Railiene. Institutionalisation of an open access – a new possibility for research : a survey of perception and demand Paper for the 5th International Conference of the European Society of History of Science, Athens, 1-3 November 2012

1. Institutionalisation of an open access – a
new possibility for research.
A survey of perception and demand
Dr. Birutė Railienė
The Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of
Sciences
The 5th International Conference of the European Society of History of Science,
Athens, 1-3 November 2012

2. TWO PARTS OF THE TITLE
 Open access (institutionalisation)
 Possibility for research (new)

3.  OA archives or repositories do not perform peer review,
but simply make their contents freely available to the world.
 OA journals perform peer review and then make the
approved contents freely available to the world.
More at: A Very Brief Introduction to Open Access
by Peter Suber < http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/brief.htm >

4.  Gold and Green OA publishing
 Gold OA - uses a funding model that does not
charge readers or their institutions for access;
 Green OA - authors publish papers in refereed
journals in all disciplines and then self-archive
these papers in open
access/digital/institutional repositories.

5.  Legal
 NGO
 Political

6.  Legal context of OA:
Berlin Declaration
The Berlin declaration on Open Access to Scientific
Knowledge of 22 October 2003 (Berlin Declaration on
Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and
Humanities) is one of the milestones of the open
access movement.
http://oa.mpg.de/lang/en-uk/berlin-prozess/berliner-erklarung/

9.  Non-government support of OA
EIFL is an international not-for-profit organisation
based in Europe with a global network of partners
http://www.eifl.net/openaccess

11. The eIFL.net – the network of electronic information for
libraries — promotes the development of Open Access.
The eIFL-OA Program is aimed at accomplishing several
objectives:
• building a global network of Open Repositories and
Open Access journals;
• providing training and advice on Open Access policies
and practices;
• motivating library professionals, scientists and scholars,
educators and students to become the Open Access
advocates and bring these ideas into practice.

12. • Political context of OA:
EUROPEAN COMMISSION PRESS RELEASE
Brussels, 17 July 2012
Scientific data: open access to research results will boost Europe's innovation capacity
(...)
As a first step, the Commission will make open access to scientific publications a general principle of
Horizon 2020, the EU's Research & Innovation funding programme for 2014-2020. As of 2014, all
articles produced with funding from Horizon 2020 will have to be accessible:
articles will either immediately be made accessible online by the publisher ('Gold' open access) - up-front
publication costs can be eligible for reimbursement by the European Commission; or
researchers will make their articles available through an open access repository no later than six months
(12 months for articles in the fields of social sciences and humanities) after publication ('Green' open
access).
“The European Commission will continue to fund projects related to open access. In 2012-2013, the
Commission will spend €45 million on data infrastructures and research on digital preservation.
Funding will continue under the Horizon 2020 programme“
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-790_en.htm

14.  Problems of perception and demand
caused by misunderstanding and technical
features

15. What OA is not?
 It is not self-publishing, nor a way to bypass
peer-review and publication, nor is it a kind of
second-class, cut-price publishing route. It is
simply a means to make research results freely
available online to the whole research
community.

16. What is in OA repositories?
• Pre-prints of papers;
• Post-prints of papers;
• Doctoral theses;
• Masters papers;
• Research reports;
• Book chapters;
• Conference papers;
• Teaching materials;
• Databanks of ‘raw’ data;
• Multimedia objects;
• Etc.

17.  How OA is percepted by historians of science

25.  Researchers?
 Research institutions?
 Libraries?
 Publishers?
 Public?

26. • Researchers?
For researchers, open access brings increased
visibility, usage and impact for their work. A
number of studies have now been carried out on
the effect of open access on citations to articles,
showing the increased citation impact that open
access can bring. Open access repositories also
provide an excellent means for researchers to
boost their online presence and raise their profile.

27.  Preparing list of literature;
 Preparing footnotes to meet the standards of a
magazine or publisher;
 Storing / managing the downloaded
information.

29. Five laws of library science (1931) by S. R.
Ranganathan:
 Books are for use.
 Every reader his [or her] book.
 Every book its reader.
 Save the time of the reader.
 The library is a growing organism.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._R._Ranganathan

30. Research institutions?
• An institutional repository is a tangible indicator of
research output of a university – thus increasing
its visibility, prestige and public value;
• Repository content is readily searchable – both
locally and globally. Download equals to citation;
• Can be used as a marketing tool for the institution;
• Allows an institution to manage its Intellectual
Property Rights appropriately.

31. Libraries?
• Not surprisingly, librarians have been amongst the most
vocal advocates for open access. Librarians have shown
their support for open access by signing on to open
access initiatives and petitions. They have also been
actively involved through their institutions or
associations in support of OA in other ways:
• educating faculty and administrators on campus;
• building digital repositories to support self-archiving;
and,
• supporting open access journals.

32. • Publishers?
Open Access publishing means providing content free online to
readers while supporting operations by financial models that
permit this free electronic distribution. So far, most advances
in Open Access publishing have been made in the area of
journal publishing, but there are increasing numbers of
ventures into Open Access monograph publishing too.
Open Access is a means of delivering content to users, not a
business model. A variety of business models are employed
by publishers who have adopted Open Access as a delivery
form.

33. Public?
• Economic studies have shown that even a modest increase
in accessibility to research produces considerable social and
economic benefits.
• Public access policies provide new avenues for the industry
to innovate and create value-added products and services.
The accelerated exchange of these results can lead to growth
in patentable discoveries and to their commercial
application. It opens the door to creation of new jobs in
industries that support medical research, such as
manufacturing of lab equipment, instrumentation, and
chemical analysis.

35. • Benefits of OA (vs close access) is determined by
information search literacy, also by technical readiness,
strategic and political determination at personal,
instututional and state level;
• Information management is developing all the time. OA
eliminated vasting of time to access, but created
information redundancy. OA should be related to
relevancy and realibility of information;
• Institutional attitude to OA raise a scientific level,
empover dissemination and optimise use of scholarly
information.

36. Thank you