This document discusses community awareness programs focused on pisciculture (fish farming), bird watching, and bird rearing. It provides details on:
- Pisciculture methods including extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive fish farming approaches. Common fish species farmed are carp, salmon, tilapia, and catfish.
- Bird watching as a hobby involving observing birds with binoculars or listening for sounds. Most birdwatchers pursue it recreationally rather than scientifically.
- Bird rearing requirements including proper brooding temperatures, use of brooder rings, and adjusting temperatures based on bird behavior. Housing, temperature control, and flooring are important considerations for bird health.
Integrating Native Pollinators into Wildlife Conservation Practices slide notesNancy Adamson
These slide notes accompany a slideshow of the same name prepared by Nancy Lee Adamson (Xerces Society), many other Xerces Society staff, & Carol Heiser (VA Department of Game & Inland Fisheries), for Virginia Master Naturalists promoting meadow establishment for pollinator & upland game conservation, with input & support from Virginia Department of Game & Inland Fisheries biologists & the USDA-NRCS East National Technology Support Center.
This document discusses insects as an alternative source of protein for food and feed. It notes that the global population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, putting pressure on food production. Insects are a nutritious and sustainable protein source that can help meet this need. They require less land and water than traditional meat sources like cattle. The document provides examples of commercial insect farms and discusses the protein content, consumption, and uses of various edible insect species around the world. It argues that insects can help address issues of hunger, poverty, and achieving UN development goals if adopted as a mainstream food and feed source.
Farming for Beneficial Insects - Conservation on Native Pollinators, Predators & Parasitoids; Gardening Guidebook for South Carolina www.scribd.com/doc/239851313 ~ Xerces Society, For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/239851214 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/239851079 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/239851159 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/239851159 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/239851348 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/239850440 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/239850233 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools, Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/23985111 ~
This document discusses insects as a food source in sub-Saharan Africa. It reviews literature and interviews conducted in 27 African countries to compile a list of approximately 250 edible insect species eaten across the region. The most commonly eaten orders are Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), Orthoptera (grasshoppers and locusts), and Coleoptera (beetles), making up 78% of the total. Insects provide nutrition from proteins, vitamins and minerals like iron and B vitamins. Though some insects can be toxic, traditional methods are often used to remove toxins. Insects have long been part of the human diet in Africa and continue to be gathered and consumed based on customs, taste and
This document discusses beneficial insects and their functions. It lists several beneficial insect species, including weaver ants, green lacewings, ladybugs, and honey bees. It then describes how beneficial insects help control other insect populations through predation and parasitism. Additionally, it explains how they contribute to nutrient cycling by decomposing dead plant and animal matter. Many beneficial insects also play important roles in plant pollination, weed management, and producing commercial products like honey, silk, shellac and dyes.
A community is an assemblage of interacting species sharing the same environment. Species composition refers to the contribution of each plant species to the vegetation, while species diversity measures both species richness and evenness. Habitat is where a species lives and reproduces, while ecological niche describes a species' role and how it acquires resources. Community interactions include competition between populations for limited resources, predator-prey relationships that can cause populations to fluctuate, and prey defenses against predation such as camouflage, warning signals, and mimicry. Symbiotic relationships between species include parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism.
This slideshow was created for the VCE Environmental Science Online Course, Unit 3: Biodiversity. It explains different methods of assessing biodiversity and discusses several indices for measurement.
The document discusses factors that influence population growth rates, including birth rates, death rates, sex ratios, age distributions, immigration, and emigration. It describes exponential and logistic population growth curves and how populations level off at the carrying capacity. Key life history traits like age at maturity, number of offspring, and lifespan vary widely between species like salmon, elephants, and mice. The document aims to explain population ecology concepts like survivorship curves, population density, population cycling, environmental resistance, and carrying capacity.
Integrating Native Pollinators into Wildlife Conservation Practices slide notesNancy Adamson
These slide notes accompany a slideshow of the same name prepared by Nancy Lee Adamson (Xerces Society), many other Xerces Society staff, & Carol Heiser (VA Department of Game & Inland Fisheries), for Virginia Master Naturalists promoting meadow establishment for pollinator & upland game conservation, with input & support from Virginia Department of Game & Inland Fisheries biologists & the USDA-NRCS East National Technology Support Center.
This document discusses insects as an alternative source of protein for food and feed. It notes that the global population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, putting pressure on food production. Insects are a nutritious and sustainable protein source that can help meet this need. They require less land and water than traditional meat sources like cattle. The document provides examples of commercial insect farms and discusses the protein content, consumption, and uses of various edible insect species around the world. It argues that insects can help address issues of hunger, poverty, and achieving UN development goals if adopted as a mainstream food and feed source.
Farming for Beneficial Insects - Conservation on Native Pollinators, Predators & Parasitoids; Gardening Guidebook for South Carolina www.scribd.com/doc/239851313 ~ Xerces Society, For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/239851214 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/239851079 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/239851159 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/239851159 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/239851348 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/239850440 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/239850233 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools, Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/23985111 ~
This document discusses insects as a food source in sub-Saharan Africa. It reviews literature and interviews conducted in 27 African countries to compile a list of approximately 250 edible insect species eaten across the region. The most commonly eaten orders are Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), Orthoptera (grasshoppers and locusts), and Coleoptera (beetles), making up 78% of the total. Insects provide nutrition from proteins, vitamins and minerals like iron and B vitamins. Though some insects can be toxic, traditional methods are often used to remove toxins. Insects have long been part of the human diet in Africa and continue to be gathered and consumed based on customs, taste and
This document discusses beneficial insects and their functions. It lists several beneficial insect species, including weaver ants, green lacewings, ladybugs, and honey bees. It then describes how beneficial insects help control other insect populations through predation and parasitism. Additionally, it explains how they contribute to nutrient cycling by decomposing dead plant and animal matter. Many beneficial insects also play important roles in plant pollination, weed management, and producing commercial products like honey, silk, shellac and dyes.
A community is an assemblage of interacting species sharing the same environment. Species composition refers to the contribution of each plant species to the vegetation, while species diversity measures both species richness and evenness. Habitat is where a species lives and reproduces, while ecological niche describes a species' role and how it acquires resources. Community interactions include competition between populations for limited resources, predator-prey relationships that can cause populations to fluctuate, and prey defenses against predation such as camouflage, warning signals, and mimicry. Symbiotic relationships between species include parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism.
This slideshow was created for the VCE Environmental Science Online Course, Unit 3: Biodiversity. It explains different methods of assessing biodiversity and discusses several indices for measurement.
The document discusses factors that influence population growth rates, including birth rates, death rates, sex ratios, age distributions, immigration, and emigration. It describes exponential and logistic population growth curves and how populations level off at the carrying capacity. Key life history traits like age at maturity, number of offspring, and lifespan vary widely between species like salmon, elephants, and mice. The document aims to explain population ecology concepts like survivorship curves, population density, population cycling, environmental resistance, and carrying capacity.
This article discusses an observed increase in the local skunk population. A wildlife biologist notes that skunk populations tend to fluctuate naturally. While skunks are commonly seen in rural and residential areas, their numbers are higher in the spring breeding season and fall, when young skunks disperse on their own. The biologist says people don't need to be concerned about skunks unless they have rabies. Tips are provided on non-harmful ways to discourage skunks from burrowing near homes, such as using ammonia to repel them. The population increase is considered temporary and will naturally decline through disease and overpopulation as skunks have few natural predators.
1. There are three main types of biodiversity indices: species richness indices, evenness indices, and taxonomic indices.
2. Biodiversity can be measured at different scales: alpha diversity looks at diversity within an area, beta diversity compares diversity between areas, and gamma diversity measures overall diversity across multiple areas in a region.
3. Biodiversity measurements make some key assumptions - that all species are equal, all individuals are equal, and species abundance has been accurately recorded using consistent units.
Dung Beetle Benefits in the Pasture EcosystemElisaMendelsohn
Dung beetles play an important role in pasture ecosystems by feeding on manure, using it to provide homes and food for their young, and improving soil structure, nutrient cycling, and forage growth. There are three main types of dung beetles - tumblers that roll dung into balls and bury them, tunnelers that bury balls under or near dung piles, and dwellers that live in dung piles without much digging. Dung beetles benefit pastures by reducing fly populations, breaking the life cycles of gastrointestinal parasites, and making more forage available by completely removing dung piles. Importing additional dung beetle species from other parts of the world can further improve manure recycling in US past
Intercropping Principles and Production PracticesElisaMendelsohn
Intercropping offers farmers the opportunity to engage nature's principle of diversity on their farms. The document discusses intercropping principles and concepts, including pursuing diversity through practices like enterprise diversification, crop rotation, and farmscaping. It also covers intercrop productivity and management considerations like spatial arrangements, planting rates, and maturity dates. Examples of different intercrop systems are provided, along with discussions of escalating diversity and stability as well as disease control benefits of intercropping.
Integrating Native Pollinators into Wildlife Conservation PracticesNancy Adamson
This program was prepared by Nancy Lee Adamson (Xerces Society), many other Xerces Society staff, & Carol Heiser (VA Department of Game & Inland Fisheries), for Virginia Master Naturalists promoting meadow establishment for pollinator & upland game conservation, with input & support from Virginia Department of Game & Inland Fisheries biologists & the USDA-NRCS East National Technology Support Center. Notes to accompany the slides are available in a separate Word file.
Eagles play an important role in controlling pest populations like dassies and hares that compete with livestock for food. While eagles may occasionally prey on young livestock, they typically eat small mammals, reptiles, and carrion. The document provides tips for farmers to avoid conflicts with eagles, such as not overstocking livestock and keeping newborn animals away from eagle nesting sites. It also explains how farmers can help eagles by protecting nesting sites and using poison responsibly to control pests.
This document discusses various factors that affect population size, including abiotic factors like temperature and biotic factors like predators. It describes different population characteristics such as range, density, growth rates, and survivorship curves. The main factors influencing population growth are discussed, such as carrying capacity, exponential versus logistic growth models, and density-dependent limiting factors that regulate population size.
1) Efforts are underway to introduce natural enemies of the red imported fire ant to reduce its competitiveness, including releases of fire ant-decapping phorid flies and an ant-killing protozoan.
2) The document discusses sustainable fire ant control methods like biological controls using natural enemies, as well as least-toxic pesticides and baits.
3) Physical controls such as hot water, steam, and traps are also mentioned as options for sustainable fire ant management.
EXISTING SITUATION OF FOOD SOVEREIGNTY - 8.10.13Sirimal Peiris
Sri Lanka has traditionally relied on sustainable agriculture but now faces challenges from chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as genetically modified foods. Long term use of chemicals has led to health issues for farmers like kidney disease, while GM foods threaten biodiversity, can harm other organisms, and their long term effects are unknown. Sri Lanka was previously self-sufficient in food but industrialized agriculture prioritizes profits over health and sustainability. While GM foods promise increased yields, their nutritional value and safety are questionable compared to traditional varieties.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in population ecology. It discusses how populations are characterized by factors like range, dispersion, and density. Population size is determined by birth and death rates, which are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. Populations can grow exponentially without constraints but typically experience logistic growth limited by carrying capacity. Life history strategies like r-selected and K-selected influence patterns of reproduction and survivorship. Introduced invasive species sometimes grow rapidly without native controls.
This document provides an overview of biodiversity in India, including:
- India is considered a megadiversity nation with over 75,000 animal species and 45,000 plant species.
- Biodiversity exists at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels and provides consumptive, productive, social, ethical, and aesthetic value.
- India contains 10 distinct biogeographic zones with high biodiversity.
- Many species are endangered or endemic to certain regions in India, including the Indian wild ass, Kashmir stag, and Golden Langur.
This document discusses the importance of pollinators like bees and the threats they face. It notes that bees pollinate 1 in 3 bites of food we eat but many native bee species are declining. It then provides details on bee biology, highlighting the over 20,000 bee species worldwide. The majority of bees are solitary and nest in the ground. The document outlines different crop pollination research projects showing native bees' importance and concludes by recommending planting diverse native flowers and protecting nesting habitats to help conserve pollinators.
The document discusses bees and their importance as pollinators. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Bees are the most important pollinators, transferring pollen between flowers and enabling 35% of global crop production. Native bee populations are declining due to loss of habitat, pesticide use, and disease, threatening crop pollination. The document outlines strategies for conserving native bee populations, including providing diverse floral and nesting resources throughout the foraging season.
SSAWG 2018 Native Beneficial Insects for Pest Control & How to Enhance Habit...Nancy Adamson
This document discusses beneficial insects that can help with pest control on farms. It introduces common groups of predatory insects like assassin bugs, damsel bugs, big-eyed bugs, lacewings, ladybugs, soldier beetles and ground beetles. These predators hunt and consume other insects as well as their eggs and larvae. Maintaining habitat diversity can support populations of these beneficial insects to naturally regulate pest insects. The document encourages working with the NRCS to use conservation programs to create habitats for beneficial predators and other insects.
Internal Parasite Management in Pasture-Based SheepLaura DeYoung
Internal parasites (GI worms) are the primary health problem affecting sheep. The barber pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) is the worm of primary concern. It is a blood-sucking parasite that causes blood and protein loss (anemia) and edema (“bottle jaw”). Worms have developed resistance to most of the anthelmintics (dewormers). Therefore, it is important to worm only as needed. Bringing sheep onto “virgin land” require careful consideration when managing parasites. Studies have found that they can survive on a site for 180 after sheep leave. Rotational grazing is important, not only to have an intensive controlled “mow”, but in controlling parasites.
The Orange-bellied Parrot is a small, critically endangered parrot found in southeastern Australia. It is green with orange patches and blue wingtips, and feeds on seeds and plants in coastal salt marshes. Its population is only around 50 birds in the wild due to habitat loss, predators, and a low reproduction rate. Conservation efforts include captive breeding programs, nest box installation, and habitat protection, but it remains at high risk of extinction.
This document discusses methods for quantifying biodiversity, including species richness, species evenness, and Simpson's Index. Species richness is a count of the total number of species in an area, while species evenness measures how similar the abundances of each species are. Simpson's Index incorporates both richness and evenness to calculate a single value representing biodiversity, with lower values indicating higher diversity as it takes into account the number of species and how evenly abundant each species is. The document provides examples to illustrate how to calculate and apply Simpson's Index using data on species abundances in different communities.
This document provides guidance on the key elements that should be included in a high school profile to accurately portray the school to colleges. It recommends including contact information, community and school details, curriculum information, grading procedures, test score data, college attendance history, extracurricular opportunities, and formatting suggestions. An effective profile comprehensively describes the school's academic programs, student demographics, and achievements in a standardized one-page format to help colleges evaluate applicants.
Shenzhen Middle School is the oldest public secondary school in Shenzhen, China, founded in 1947. It offers both a national curriculum and an international curriculum, with the international curriculum providing over 20 AP and college prep courses taught in English. Shenzhen Middle School is highly selective and academically rigorous, with over 40 students accepted annually to Peking University and Tsinghua University, and 80% of national curriculum students attending top universities in China.
This article discusses an observed increase in the local skunk population. A wildlife biologist notes that skunk populations tend to fluctuate naturally. While skunks are commonly seen in rural and residential areas, their numbers are higher in the spring breeding season and fall, when young skunks disperse on their own. The biologist says people don't need to be concerned about skunks unless they have rabies. Tips are provided on non-harmful ways to discourage skunks from burrowing near homes, such as using ammonia to repel them. The population increase is considered temporary and will naturally decline through disease and overpopulation as skunks have few natural predators.
1. There are three main types of biodiversity indices: species richness indices, evenness indices, and taxonomic indices.
2. Biodiversity can be measured at different scales: alpha diversity looks at diversity within an area, beta diversity compares diversity between areas, and gamma diversity measures overall diversity across multiple areas in a region.
3. Biodiversity measurements make some key assumptions - that all species are equal, all individuals are equal, and species abundance has been accurately recorded using consistent units.
Dung Beetle Benefits in the Pasture EcosystemElisaMendelsohn
Dung beetles play an important role in pasture ecosystems by feeding on manure, using it to provide homes and food for their young, and improving soil structure, nutrient cycling, and forage growth. There are three main types of dung beetles - tumblers that roll dung into balls and bury them, tunnelers that bury balls under or near dung piles, and dwellers that live in dung piles without much digging. Dung beetles benefit pastures by reducing fly populations, breaking the life cycles of gastrointestinal parasites, and making more forage available by completely removing dung piles. Importing additional dung beetle species from other parts of the world can further improve manure recycling in US past
Intercropping Principles and Production PracticesElisaMendelsohn
Intercropping offers farmers the opportunity to engage nature's principle of diversity on their farms. The document discusses intercropping principles and concepts, including pursuing diversity through practices like enterprise diversification, crop rotation, and farmscaping. It also covers intercrop productivity and management considerations like spatial arrangements, planting rates, and maturity dates. Examples of different intercrop systems are provided, along with discussions of escalating diversity and stability as well as disease control benefits of intercropping.
Integrating Native Pollinators into Wildlife Conservation PracticesNancy Adamson
This program was prepared by Nancy Lee Adamson (Xerces Society), many other Xerces Society staff, & Carol Heiser (VA Department of Game & Inland Fisheries), for Virginia Master Naturalists promoting meadow establishment for pollinator & upland game conservation, with input & support from Virginia Department of Game & Inland Fisheries biologists & the USDA-NRCS East National Technology Support Center. Notes to accompany the slides are available in a separate Word file.
Eagles play an important role in controlling pest populations like dassies and hares that compete with livestock for food. While eagles may occasionally prey on young livestock, they typically eat small mammals, reptiles, and carrion. The document provides tips for farmers to avoid conflicts with eagles, such as not overstocking livestock and keeping newborn animals away from eagle nesting sites. It also explains how farmers can help eagles by protecting nesting sites and using poison responsibly to control pests.
This document discusses various factors that affect population size, including abiotic factors like temperature and biotic factors like predators. It describes different population characteristics such as range, density, growth rates, and survivorship curves. The main factors influencing population growth are discussed, such as carrying capacity, exponential versus logistic growth models, and density-dependent limiting factors that regulate population size.
1) Efforts are underway to introduce natural enemies of the red imported fire ant to reduce its competitiveness, including releases of fire ant-decapping phorid flies and an ant-killing protozoan.
2) The document discusses sustainable fire ant control methods like biological controls using natural enemies, as well as least-toxic pesticides and baits.
3) Physical controls such as hot water, steam, and traps are also mentioned as options for sustainable fire ant management.
EXISTING SITUATION OF FOOD SOVEREIGNTY - 8.10.13Sirimal Peiris
Sri Lanka has traditionally relied on sustainable agriculture but now faces challenges from chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as well as genetically modified foods. Long term use of chemicals has led to health issues for farmers like kidney disease, while GM foods threaten biodiversity, can harm other organisms, and their long term effects are unknown. Sri Lanka was previously self-sufficient in food but industrialized agriculture prioritizes profits over health and sustainability. While GM foods promise increased yields, their nutritional value and safety are questionable compared to traditional varieties.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in population ecology. It discusses how populations are characterized by factors like range, dispersion, and density. Population size is determined by birth and death rates, which are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. Populations can grow exponentially without constraints but typically experience logistic growth limited by carrying capacity. Life history strategies like r-selected and K-selected influence patterns of reproduction and survivorship. Introduced invasive species sometimes grow rapidly without native controls.
This document provides an overview of biodiversity in India, including:
- India is considered a megadiversity nation with over 75,000 animal species and 45,000 plant species.
- Biodiversity exists at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels and provides consumptive, productive, social, ethical, and aesthetic value.
- India contains 10 distinct biogeographic zones with high biodiversity.
- Many species are endangered or endemic to certain regions in India, including the Indian wild ass, Kashmir stag, and Golden Langur.
This document discusses the importance of pollinators like bees and the threats they face. It notes that bees pollinate 1 in 3 bites of food we eat but many native bee species are declining. It then provides details on bee biology, highlighting the over 20,000 bee species worldwide. The majority of bees are solitary and nest in the ground. The document outlines different crop pollination research projects showing native bees' importance and concludes by recommending planting diverse native flowers and protecting nesting habitats to help conserve pollinators.
The document discusses bees and their importance as pollinators. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Bees are the most important pollinators, transferring pollen between flowers and enabling 35% of global crop production. Native bee populations are declining due to loss of habitat, pesticide use, and disease, threatening crop pollination. The document outlines strategies for conserving native bee populations, including providing diverse floral and nesting resources throughout the foraging season.
SSAWG 2018 Native Beneficial Insects for Pest Control & How to Enhance Habit...Nancy Adamson
This document discusses beneficial insects that can help with pest control on farms. It introduces common groups of predatory insects like assassin bugs, damsel bugs, big-eyed bugs, lacewings, ladybugs, soldier beetles and ground beetles. These predators hunt and consume other insects as well as their eggs and larvae. Maintaining habitat diversity can support populations of these beneficial insects to naturally regulate pest insects. The document encourages working with the NRCS to use conservation programs to create habitats for beneficial predators and other insects.
Internal Parasite Management in Pasture-Based SheepLaura DeYoung
Internal parasites (GI worms) are the primary health problem affecting sheep. The barber pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) is the worm of primary concern. It is a blood-sucking parasite that causes blood and protein loss (anemia) and edema (“bottle jaw”). Worms have developed resistance to most of the anthelmintics (dewormers). Therefore, it is important to worm only as needed. Bringing sheep onto “virgin land” require careful consideration when managing parasites. Studies have found that they can survive on a site for 180 after sheep leave. Rotational grazing is important, not only to have an intensive controlled “mow”, but in controlling parasites.
The Orange-bellied Parrot is a small, critically endangered parrot found in southeastern Australia. It is green with orange patches and blue wingtips, and feeds on seeds and plants in coastal salt marshes. Its population is only around 50 birds in the wild due to habitat loss, predators, and a low reproduction rate. Conservation efforts include captive breeding programs, nest box installation, and habitat protection, but it remains at high risk of extinction.
This document discusses methods for quantifying biodiversity, including species richness, species evenness, and Simpson's Index. Species richness is a count of the total number of species in an area, while species evenness measures how similar the abundances of each species are. Simpson's Index incorporates both richness and evenness to calculate a single value representing biodiversity, with lower values indicating higher diversity as it takes into account the number of species and how evenly abundant each species is. The document provides examples to illustrate how to calculate and apply Simpson's Index using data on species abundances in different communities.
This document provides guidance on the key elements that should be included in a high school profile to accurately portray the school to colleges. It recommends including contact information, community and school details, curriculum information, grading procedures, test score data, college attendance history, extracurricular opportunities, and formatting suggestions. An effective profile comprehensively describes the school's academic programs, student demographics, and achievements in a standardized one-page format to help colleges evaluate applicants.
Shenzhen Middle School is the oldest public secondary school in Shenzhen, China, founded in 1947. It offers both a national curriculum and an international curriculum, with the international curriculum providing over 20 AP and college prep courses taught in English. Shenzhen Middle School is highly selective and academically rigorous, with over 40 students accepted annually to Peking University and Tsinghua University, and 80% of national curriculum students attending top universities in China.
This document summarizes information about a nursery school called Little Einsteins. It includes details about the number of students, their ethnicity and religion, the socioeconomic status of families, staff positions, facilities, daily timetable, a survey being sent to parents, important considerations for students, and a proposed icebreaker game. The school has 72 students across 3 levels, serves an ethnically diverse upper and middle class population, and has specialized staff and rooms for various activities.
This document outlines a 2 1/2 week lesson plan for a grade 6 natural sciences and technology class on mains electricity. The lesson aims to teach learners about generating electricity from coal, the costs of electricity usage, illegal electrical connections, and renewable energy sources. Activities include investigations, drawings, research, and tests. Learners will examine how appliances use power and study diagrams of electricity generation from coal. The lesson also provides support for learners with barriers and assesses learning through formal and informal tools.
This document outlines the terms and conditions for a rental agreement between John Doe and Jane Smith for the lease of an apartment located at 123 Main St from January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023. The tenant agrees to pay $1000 per month in rent and a $500 security deposit. The landlord and tenant agree to abide by their respective rights and responsibilities as outlined in the agreement.
This lesson plan teaches students about the simple present tense by having them discuss and describe their daily routines. It begins with introducing vocabulary by having students match verbs to pictures of daily activities. Students then work in pairs, asking each other questions about the routines of different people. Finally, students answer questions about their own schedules in simple present sentences. The plan aims to help students learn and review simple present tense through discussing daily activities.
This document discusses several modern agricultural techniques including polyhouse farming, precision farming, hydroponics, and aeroponics. Polyhouse farming involves cultivating crops under protected structures to control temperature, humidity, sunlight, and winds. Precision farming uses sensors and software to monitor and respond to variability in soil and crops. Hydroponics grows plants in nutrient-rich water instead of soil. Aeroponics similarly grows plants without soil by suspending plant roots in the air and misting them with nutrient solutions.
The document discusses the characteristics of a good science textbook. It notes that textbooks play a vital role in teaching and learning as they provide direction, save time and energy, and can replace classroom teaching. A good textbook has appropriate content for the age level, clear and simple language, accurate information, good organization, illustrations that relate to the content, teaching aids like glossaries and activities, and an appealing mechanical design. Textbooks are useful as an authoritative source of information, to prepare assignments, provide motivation, supply illustrations and exercises to apply knowledge, and help students learn topics systematically.
The document outlines various awards and facilities available at a school, including a gymnasium, canteen, swimming pool, music and computer classes, and a library. Students can earn a scholar badge with minimum A2 grades or 80% marks in each subject from classes 6 to 11. A scholar blazer is awarded for earning the scholar badge for 3 consecutive years. Scholarships are given to students who score A1 grades in all subjects in class 10 exams.
This document discusses the structure and function of chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis. They contain the pigment chlorophyll, which captures energy from sunlight. Chlorophyll exists in different types like chlorophyll a and b that give leaves their green color. Other pigments like xanthophyll and carotene provide yellow and orange colors. The light reaction of photosynthesis occurs in the grana of the chloroplast while the dark reaction happens in the stroma.
Robert Whittaker classified living organisms into five kingdoms - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Monera contains unicellular prokaryotes like bacteria. Protista includes unicellular eukaryotes with or without locomotion such as amoebas. Fungi are heterotrophic, non-motile organisms like mushrooms. Plantae are autotrophic, non-motile multicellular organisms. Animalia consists of heterotrophic multicellular organisms with locomotion abilities like animals. This five kingdom system is more widely accepted than previous two kingdom classifications that did not account for microorganisms.
Paulo Freire was a Brazilian philosopher and the father of critical pedagogy who developed the concept of conscientization. Conscientization is the ability to critically perceive the causes of social, political, and economic oppression in order to take action against oppressive elements of society. It involves developing a deep understanding of the world that leads to freedom from oppression. Freire viewed education as a tool for liberation that should involve dialogue between students and teachers to develop a shared critical understanding of reality. His educational philosophy emphasized problem-posing education, dialogue, and using education to promote conscientization and liberation.
There are three main types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells are disc shaped and red in color, and help transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. White blood cells come in various types including neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, and help fight disease. Platelets do not have a distinct color or shape and help with blood clotting.
Our school participated in the opening ceremony of the Thuravoor Sub-District Kalolsavam on December 5, 2016, which was inaugurated by Hon. Minister Sri. P. Thilothaman. Many students from our school competed in various competitions, and our students won first prize in the skit competition, with Devananda of standard VIII winning Best Actress in skit and second prize in mono act. There was also a rally for the HARITHA KERALA MISSION PROGRAMME where the Pattanakad panchayath president Sri. T.M. Sherif handed over seedlings of vegetables and trees to our Headmistress. Additionally, the District Educational Officer of Cher
Leaves contain chloroplasts which use sunlight to perform photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which comes in different types that absorb different colors of light. Chlorophyll a absorbs blue and red light while reflecting green light, making leaves appear green. Other pigments like carotenes and xanthophylls also absorb light and transfer energy to chlorophyll a to help with photosynthesis.
This document provides information on biological classification systems. It discusses early classification attempts by Aristotle and others that organized plants and animals. It then summarizes Carl Linnaeus's two kingdom system of Plantae and Animalia. Robert Whittaker's five kingdom system is also outlined, dividing organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Brief descriptions of each kingdom are given.
The document is a PowerPoint presentation about blood cells presented by Sangeetha K.P. It discusses the composition of blood as plasma and formed elements including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. Leukocytes are further divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes, with granulocytes consisting of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, and agranulocytes being lymphocytes and monocytes. Thrombocytes are also discussed.
Sreenarayana Training College student Athira N.V. submitted a PowerPoint presentation on pisciculture to lecturer Smt. Soya.P for her Natural Science B.Ed course at Kerala University. The presentation introduced pisciculture as the method of growing fish varieties in natural water bodies and ponds, and discussed edible varieties like pearl spot, milk fish, and brown trout. It also touched on ornamental fish varieties and prawns, and explained that pisciculture involves controlling the growth, breeding, and rearing of fish.
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This document provides information on various topics related to living corners in schools, including pisciculture (fish farming), bird watching, and rearing animals. It discusses different methods of fish farming such as cage and pond systems. It also describes the history and activities involved in bird watching, as well as methods of rearing birds including parent, foster, isolation, and artificial rearing. The document concludes that living corners allow students to make observations of interdependent plants and animals.
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Key-words- Exotic species, Invasive species, Emu, Clarias gariepinus, Parthenium spp., Dromaius novaehollandiae
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
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Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Online assingment (1)
1. 1
PISCICULTURE,
BIRD WATCHING AND REARING
Submitted to
Mrs.Sushama Prabha .L
Lecture in Natural Science
Submitted by
GowriKrishna U. R
Natural Science
Submitted on : 27-07-2015
2. 2
INDEX
SL.
No.
CONTENT PAGE
No
1 INTRODUCTION 3
2 SIGNIFICANC OF
COMMUNITYAWARENESS
PROGRAMMES
4
3 PISCICULTURE 5 -6
4 BIRD WATCHING 7-8
5 BIRD REARING 9-14
6 CONCLUSIOM 15
7 REFERENCE 16
3. 3
INTRODUCTION
Community awareness is a process of developing a world population
that is aware of and concerned about the total environment and its associated
problems, various diseases, nutritional problems etc. and which has the
knowledge, skills, attitudes, motivation and commitment to work individually
and collectively towards solution of current problems and the prevention of
new ones. Awareness is critical for achieving values and attitudes,
skills and behavior consistent with sustainable development and
effective empowerment of the general public in decision making.
The community awareness programmes empowers citizens to help play a role
in enhancing our community’s safety. It provides citizens with the basic
tools needed to recognize and helps to prevent environmental problems,
various diseases and disasters.
4. 4
SIGNIFICANCE OF COMMUNITY
AWARENESS PROGRAMMES
There are different types of community awareness programmes such as
awareness on the conservation of natural resources, pisiculture , birdwatching
and rearing, eradication of diseases, population control, increase of food
production, better nutrition etc. Each of these awareness programmes has its
own significances and peculiarities.
5. 5
PISCICULTURE
Fish farming or pisciculture is the principal form of aquaculture, while
other methods may fall under mariculture. Pisciculture is the scientific
method, where by fishes are grown and cultivated in ponds, lakes, brackish
water and in seawater. Fish farming involves raising fish commercially in
tanks or enclosures, usually for food. A facility that releases juvenile fish into
the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a species' natural numbers is
generally referred to as a fish hatchery. Pisciculture refers to cultivating,
rearing and capturing of fishes in water bodies like rivers, tanks, ponds,
generally in water bodies. Worldwide, the most important fish species used in
fish farming are carp, salmon, tilapia and catfish.
These categories may be compared with the more common
classification of aquaculture based on productive technology,
particularly feed, dividing culture systems into extensive, semi-intensive and
intensive. These terms are widely use but defined in various ways,
often imprecisely, or not at all. The usage outlined below is in common use
(Edwards et al., 1988; 1993):
6. 6
Extensive culture systems receive no intentional nutritional inputs but
depend on natural food in the culture facility, including that brought in
by water flow e.g., currents and tidal exchange.
Semi-intensive culture systems depend largely on natural food which is
increased over baseline levels by fertilisation and/or use of
supplementary feed to complement natural food.
Intensive culture systems depend on nutritionally complete diets added
to the system, either fresh, wild, marine or freshwater fish, or on
formulated diets, usually in dry pelleted form.
ORGANIC PISCICULTURE
Organic Pisciculture is a scientific technology for getting maximum
fish productionfrom a pond through utilisation of available food organisms
supplemented by artificial feeding. Normally, the major species selected for
composite fish culture are Katla, Rohu, Mrigal, and exotic or common crops.
In this project a combination of Katla, Rohu, Mrigal has been considered in
the ratio of 4:3:3. This has been done considering the fact that Katla is a
Surface Feeder, Rohu Column Feeder and Mrigal Bottom Feeder.
7. 7
BIRD WATCHING
Bird watching is a hobby which began to spread widely in the 1930s with the
development of binoculars and other magnifying devices. It began to replace the collecting
of shells, butterflies, flora and fauna. Around the same time, the first bird guides were
published, giving information on appearance, behavior and location. Since then, the number
of people ‘hunting’ birds has continued to grow yearly, and there are now millions engaged
in this activity, mainly from developed countries such as Europe and the U.S.A.
Basically, bird watching is the same as any other ‘collecting’ hobby, with the aim to
see as many different species as possible without the need to shoot or poison. Every
weekend, people festooned with binoculars and with field guides in their pockets appear on
swamps, lakes and forest paths looking for rare birds and noting them in pocket books.
8. 8
Bird watching or birding is a form of wildlife observation in which the observation
of birds as a recreational activity. It can be done with the naked eye, through a visual
enhancement device like binoculars and telescopes or by listening for bird sounds. Bird
watching often involves a significant auditory component as many bird species are more
easily detected and identified by eat than by eye. Most birdwatchers pursue this activity for
recreational on social reasons, unlike ornithologists, who engage in the study of birds using
formal scientific methods.
All birds are unique: big or small, predatory or defenseless, they are all undoubtedly
beautiful and accompany us in our everyday life. A bird’s world exists simultaneously with
a human’s. It’s worth it only once to experience the inability to tear oneself away from the
endless soap opera written by nature itself, where birds perform all the parts. The task of an
observer is not to miss a single episode and to keep full attention on the plot. Every year,
birds migrate to nesting grounds; they look for partners and they make courtships and breed.
They feed their chicks, protect them from predators, practise flight with them and show
them annual migration routes. This story continues every year, and yet each year is
different. There are almost 10000 bird species in the world – it’s no surprise bird watching
can become a lifetime hobby.
AVICULTURE
Aviculture is the practice of keeping and breeding birds and the culture
that forms around it. Aviculture is generally focused on not only raising and
breeding of birds, but also on preserving avian habitat, and public awareness
campaigns. Some important reasons for Aviculture are: breeding birds to
preserve the species because many avian species are at risk due to habitat
destruction and natural disaster. Aviculture encourages conservation, provides
education about avian species, provides companion birds for the public,
and includes research on avian behavior. Some people breed birds to
make a profit.
9. 9
BIRD REARING
Definitions
The term brooding refers to the period immediately after hatch when
special care and attention must be given to chicks to ensure their health and
survival.
The term rearing refers to the remainder of life after brooding until
sexual maturity.
Housing
The brooding room should be heated prior to arrival of the chicks. A
newly hatched chick requires supplemental heat to maintain its body
temperature; therefore, an external heat source must be provided to young
birds in the first few weeks. Heat lamps with infra-red bulbs are usually
positioned in the centre of a brooder ring, which is used to confine chicks in a
small area close to feed and water while allowing them to select an
environment at their own thermal comfort level.
10. 10
Brooder Rings
Brooder rings usually consist of a 30 to 45 cm wide (12 to 18 in. higher
sides for turkeys) strip of corrugated cardboard which has been cut to an
appropriate length in order to form a ring 2.4 to 3.6 m in diameter (eight to 12
ft.). It is set up in the pen where the chicks are placed, and is removed once
they are five to 10 days old. Size is adjusted for the number of birds to be
contained, but the key is to allow room for the birds to move around so they
can select their optimum temperature.
Temperature Control
Temperature control is important to chicks, particularly in the first
three weeks of life. Brooder rings should provide adequate space for the
chicks to select a comfortable temperature. If the chicks are too cold, they
will become chilled and uncomfortable, and will not eat or drink. If the
chicks are too hot, they will become dehydrated.
Starting temperature requirements for all poultry species are
similar. Initial brooding temperature, at the birds' level, should be 35 degrees
Celcius (C), and reduced by approximately 3 C per week until 21 C is
reached. Temperatures may be lowered earlier for waterfowl. If the whole
room is heated and there are no heat lamps, the initial brooding temperatures
should be slightly lower (30 to 33 C). After six weeks of age, temperatures
between 18 and 21 C are desirable.
These brooding temperature guidelines should be adjusted according to
observations of the birds. The behaviour and sounds of the chicks will
indicate their comfort level. Comfortable birds will be evenly spaced around
the pen and will make soft "cheeping" noises. Cold birds will huddle in the
warmest part of the pen and cheep loudly.
11. 11
If the birds are too hot, they will generally be positioned against the
walls away from the heat source, and will be panting or possibly sitting with
their wings outstretched and feathers fluffed out. The chicks will do a better
job than a thermometer of telling you about their comfort level. The diagrams
below, reprinted from the Ross Broiler Management Manual, published by
Aviagen Limited of the United Kingdom, show how birds will move away or
towards the heat lamp if they are hot or cold. Preventing drafts is also
important, as young chicks are easily chilled.
Ascites (or water-belly) in broiler chickens can be attributed to cool
temperatures early in the brooding period. This disease can cause high
mortality and inedible carcasses at slaughter.
Floor Covering
The pens where the chicks are to be raised should be thoroughly
cleaned and disinfected at least one week prior to chick placement. Any
equipment to be used should also be cleaned and disinfected.
Fresh, mold-free bedding (litter) should be spread over the whole floor
area, including the brooder ring. The bedding will provide insulation from the
floor and will soak up moisture from the bird droppings. It will also help to
prevent damage to the birds' legs due to slipping on slippery surfaces.
Types of material which can be used for bedding include straw and
wood shavings. The depth of the litter should be seven to 10 cm (three to four
inches).
During the rearing period, bedding should be removed and replaced
routinely in areas which become wet. This is often necessary next to the
waterers and helps to prevent ammonia build-up in the air.
12. 12
Space Requirements
Space requirements for the brooding and rearing of poultry are
different for each species. These are guidelines, and judgment must be used
based on the size of the birds. The listed space requirements also require
adequate ventilation, with fans and inlets.
Ventilation
Birds require an abundance of fresh air with low contaminants such as
dust and ammonia. During the first few days of brooding, little ventilation is
required; however, proper ventilation is very important as the chicks are
growing. In commercial barns, fans and inlets are manipulated to provide
uniform air distribution. Fans draw air out of the barn and inlets let fresh air
in, thereby removing dust and ammonia. Humidity can be reduced and excess
heat eliminated if necessary. As noted previously, drafts should be avoided
with young birds.
13. 13
Lighting
Constant bright light of 20 to 50 lux (the measurement term lux being
the International System of Units or SI for illuminance and luminous
emittance), should be provided from hatch to seven days of age.
The constant lighting allows chicks to adjust to their new environment
and find their feed and water sources. After seven days, the light intensity
may be lowered to five lux. At five lux, it is difficult to read a newspaper
inside the barn, but if desired, light intensity can be measured using a
photographic light meter. The lower light intensity will help prevent
cannibalism. However, if heat lamps are used, there are windows in the barn,
or the birds are in an outside run, it is difficult to control the light intensity. In
these situations, it is suggested that intensity be reduced when feasible or if
problems with cannibalism arise at a later date.
After seven days, a period of darkness is recommended for all types of
poultry to reduce the incidence of metabolic (especially heart) diseases and
leg problems. The use of natural daylight is sufficient, or providing 12 to 16
hours of artificial light per day will result in adequate exposure to darkness.
After six weeks of age, chickens raised for egg-laying purposes should
be provided a maximum of eight to 10 hours of light per day until they are
about 18 to 20 weeks of age. The day length is then increased to stimulate
egg production. It is very important that day length not be reduced once the
hens are laying eggs, or production will drop.
Water
During the first week of brooding, deaths due to dehydration can be
reduced by providing additional water sources in the brooder ring. Several
shallow trays, such as ice cube trays, can be placed throughout the ring. It is
also helpful to dip the chicks' beaks into the water when initially placing them
into the brooder ring.
14. 14
Fresh water should be available at all times, and the water containers
should be cleaned routinely. As with the feeders, the height of the water
source should be regularly adjusted to be even with the back of the birds.
Feed
During the first week of brooding, in addition to the feeding troughs,
small amounts of feed should be provided in shallow trays (such as box lids or
egg flats) which the chicks can easily access. This helps the chicks find the
feed more successfully in the first few days. It is also beneficial to place the
feed and water close together during this time to ensure the chicks eat and
drink.
Adequate feeder space is necessary to prevent crowding at feeders and
to promote uniform growth. After initial brooding, feed should be placed
away from the waterers to prevent wet feed and dirty water. Feeder height
should be adjusted regularly so that the lip of the feeder is even with the backs
of the birds.
Feed can be provided continuously or mildly restricted. Metabolic
diseases and leg problems can be reduced in broiler chickens and turkeys by
withholding feed for part of the day. Feed should not be restricted during the
first week of brooding.
Chicks are generally fed a starter diet that can be purchased from a
local feed supplier. The size and texture of the feed provided is important
when raising birds, as newly hatched chicks cannot eat the large feed pellets
provided for older birds.
15. 15
CONCLUSION
Community awareness programmes are essential among people for the
building up of a better and healthy life. Awareness on environmental
cleanliness is very important for the eradication of various diseases
Pisciculture is the scientific method it involves raising fish commercially in
tanks or enclosures, usually for food. Bird watching is a form of wildlife
observation in which the observation of birds as a recreational activity. Bird
rearing refers to the remainder of life after brooding until sexual maturity.