Computer assisted instruction (CAI) involves interaction between students and programmed instructional materials, often using tutorials, drills, simulations, or problems. CAI can individualize learning and provide immediate feedback. Computer managed instruction (CMI) uses computers to track student progress and assign customized learning objectives, resources, and assessments to students. CMI allows for flexible pacing and individualized learning paths. Both CAI and CMI provide benefits like self-paced learning and one-on-one instruction but also have limitations like over-reliance on technology and lack of infrastructure in some areas.

1. Submitted by
Arya v r
Physical science
Submitted to
Lekshmi miss
COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION(CAI) AND COMPUTER MANAGED
INSTRUCTION(CMI)

2. Introduction
Computer based education(CBE) and computer based
instruction(CBI) are the broadest terms and can refer to virtually any kind
of computer use in educational settings.Computer assisted
instruction,computer aided instruction is a narrower term and most often
refers to drill and practice,tutorial , or simulation activities. Computer
managed instruction (CMI) is an instructional strategy whereby the
computer is used to provide learning objectives,learning resourses,record
keeping,progress tracking and assessment of learner performance.
Computer based tools and applications are used to assist the teacher or
school administrator in the management of learner and instructional
process.

3. Content
Computer assisted instruction
A self learning technique, usually offline /online ,involving
interaction of the student with programmed instructional
materials.Computerassisted instruction (CAI) is an interactive instructional
technique whereby a computeris used to present the instructional material
and monitor the learning that takes place.CAI uses a combination of
text,graphics,sound and video in enhancing the learning process.The
computerhas many purposes in the classroom,and it can be utilized to help
a student in all areas of the curriculum.CAI refers to the use of computeras
a tool to faciliate and improve instruction.CAI programs use tutorials , drill
and practice,simulation and problem solving appprochesto present topics
and they test the student’s understanding.
Types of Computer Assisted Instruction
1.Drill and Practice
Drill and practice provide opportunities or students to repeatedly
practice the skills that have previously been presented and that further
practice is necessery for mastery.
2.Tutorial
Tutorial activity includes both the presentation of information and its
extention in to different forms of work ,including drill and practice ,games
and simulation.
3.Games
Games software often creates a contest to achieve the highest score
and either beat others or beat the computer.
4.Simulation
Simulation software can provide an approximation of reality that does
not require the expence of real life or its risks.

4. 5.Discovery
Discovery approach provides a large database of information
specific to a course or content area and challenges the learner to analyze,
compare,infer,and evaluatebased on their explorations of the data.
6. Problem solving
This approach helps children develop specific problem solving skills and
strategies.
Advantages of CAI
1. One –to-one interaction
2. Great motivator
3. Freedom to experiment with different options
4. Instantaneous response/immediate feedback to the answers elicited.
5. Self pacing - allow students to proceed at their on pace
6. Helps teacher can devote more time to individual students.
7. Privacy helps shy and slow learner to learns
8. Individual attention
9. Learn more and more rapidly
10. Multimedia helps to understand difficult concepts through multisensory
approach.
11. Self directed learning –students can decide when,where,and what to
learn.

5. Limitations of CAI
1.May feeloverwhelmed by the information and resource available.
2.Over use of multimedia may divert the attention from the content.
3.Learning become too mechanical.
4.Non availability of good CAI pacckages.
5.Lack of infracture
Computer managed instruction(CMI)
Computermanaged instruction aids the instructor in instructional
management without actually doing the teaching.Central CMI themes
discussed in the literature are individualisation,behavioural objectives,and
educational technology.The main objective of this study was to compare
the outcomes of two teaching strategies:CMI versus the traditional leacture
method.The learning objectives were based on specifiedtheoritical content
from a Health Assessmentcourse for baccalaureate nursing students.The
designof the study was quasiexperimental incorporating two experimental
treatments applied to two groups on two occasions.Dataanalysis
addresses difference betweengroups using CMI and the traditional
leacture method.
Benifits&Limitations of CMI
With the flexibility of CMI systems,the instructor can choose
appropriate objectives and activities in the curriculum based on a specific
student’s needs.If itis conducive to the subject,the student can also
decide in which order to meet the objectives.The sequenceof modules is
flexible.The student can also study and progress at his or her own pace as
the CMI system is basically instructor free.

6. The limitation of this type of system is the need for a central computer
system that would allow the instructor to identify and control the studets’s
activities in different locations at different times. With the expansion of
cable modems and DSL ,this limitations steadily becoming a non-issue,
exceptin remote areas.The purpose of CMI is to diagnose student learning
needs and prescribe instructional activities appropriate for the needs
assessed.This assessment can come from tests on different levels of
instruction which show where the student is lacking.The instructor can then
choose appropriate objectives, modules, lessons,and courses in the
curriculum for the student to study .The student has the option of proving
mastery of the objectives through module tests that can be taken
immediately, or after completing the instructional activities.The student is
also involved in deciding which modules to pursue in which order.The pace
at which to complete the modules is up to the student since the activities
are mostly instructor-free.An example of a possible CMI system design is
the Plato Learning Management(PLM) which is shown in the graphic
below.Each student will have a slightly different design as it is geared
toward the individual.
Conclusion
This world has come in to a digital era in ths new century and
education as an essential motility that influences the developmentof the
society.Itshould catch up with the times and make a good use of digital
technology.CAI and CMI as moderneducationapproaches are playing their
more and more important role in moderneducation and have proved their
high efficiencyand great prospect

7. References
1. www.etc.edu.cn/eet/articles/cmi/start.htm
2. www.wikieducator.org/computer_assisted_instruction
3.www.ncbi.nlm.gov/pubmed
4.www.celea.org.cn/teic