Climate change 101 provides an overview of climate change basics. It defines climate and weather, and explains how climate is influenced by natural and human factors. Human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation have become the main drivers of climate change by increasing greenhouse gas emissions. The climate is changing globally with temperatures rising over the past 50 years. The Philippines is also experiencing temperature increases. Future climate projections predict continuing global and local warming in the Philippines with impacts like more extreme weather.
CLIMATE CHANGE
DEFINATION
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
HUMAN CAUSES
NATURAL CAUSES
EFFECTS
BRIEF OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPORTANCE
CLIMATE CHANGE
DEFINATION
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
HUMAN CAUSES
NATURAL CAUSES
EFFECTS
BRIEF OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPORTANCE
CLIMATE CHANGE AND CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS: WHITHER GLOBAL LEADERSHIP FOR MITIGA...TANKO AHMED fwc
This case study deliberates on the need for world governments, corporations and activists to form a united front against impending climate change catastrophes. It discusses causes, consequences and alleviation of mega disasters and inquires on common and shared responsibilities, predicaments, and smart utilization of global human and material resources. Theories of human response to sudden mass disruption and displacement often reckon with principles and practices in aid of managing mega disasters and critical geopolitics. A literature survey extracts serious concern and trends on traditional fixations of spatial imaginations hindering workable resolutions. The case study therefore elicits response to the need for global policies and strategies as nations would chaotically flow into one another in tragic mishandling of disasters. A stakeholders’ triangle of salvation with governments, corporations and activists may confront an impending Climageddon to provide feasible resolution to an end time Toba Event Hypothesis consistent with the climate change debacle.
For Climate Change Workshop by British Computer Society on 17-Sep-08.
Physics & Chemistry of Climate Change,
Effects and Costs of Climate Change,
Geographical Information and use of it,
Some International Meetings and Local Authority Measures,
Climate Change Bill 2008,
Carbon trading / offsetting,
Reducing Carbon Emissions – Websites & Actions.
Definition, Concept and History of Climate Change; positive & negative feedback cycles; GHGs; Global temperature and carbon dioxide; hottest years, enhanced natural disasters, #UNFCCC; #Kyoto_Protocol; #Paris_Agreement; SDGs; Roles of municipal and regional authorities; Institutional arrangements for climate change in Pakistan; Pakistan Climate Change Policy 2012; Pakistan Climate Change Act 2017.
Climate Change is the defining issue of our time. From shifting weather patterns that threaten food production, to rising sea levels that increase the risk of catastrophic flooding, the impacts of climate change are global in scope and unprecedented in scale. Without drastic action today, adapting to these impacts in the future will be more difficult and costly (United Nations).
CLIMATE CHANGE presentation is prepared by Meena A S for school and collage students and teachers for easy understanidg of the concept, its causes, effects and solutions.
This covers climate change and migration, looking at the relationship between these two variables. Climate change can serve as a push factor for people to migrate while migration can lead to the degradation of the environment and exacerbating climate change.
Report of IPBES/ IPCC working group- reviewing overlap and actions needed, in order to both combat Climate Change and restore and protect Biodiversity.
June 2012 work
CLIMATE CHANGE AND CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS: WHITHER GLOBAL LEADERSHIP FOR MITIGA...TANKO AHMED fwc
This case study deliberates on the need for world governments, corporations and activists to form a united front against impending climate change catastrophes. It discusses causes, consequences and alleviation of mega disasters and inquires on common and shared responsibilities, predicaments, and smart utilization of global human and material resources. Theories of human response to sudden mass disruption and displacement often reckon with principles and practices in aid of managing mega disasters and critical geopolitics. A literature survey extracts serious concern and trends on traditional fixations of spatial imaginations hindering workable resolutions. The case study therefore elicits response to the need for global policies and strategies as nations would chaotically flow into one another in tragic mishandling of disasters. A stakeholders’ triangle of salvation with governments, corporations and activists may confront an impending Climageddon to provide feasible resolution to an end time Toba Event Hypothesis consistent with the climate change debacle.
For Climate Change Workshop by British Computer Society on 17-Sep-08.
Physics & Chemistry of Climate Change,
Effects and Costs of Climate Change,
Geographical Information and use of it,
Some International Meetings and Local Authority Measures,
Climate Change Bill 2008,
Carbon trading / offsetting,
Reducing Carbon Emissions – Websites & Actions.
Definition, Concept and History of Climate Change; positive & negative feedback cycles; GHGs; Global temperature and carbon dioxide; hottest years, enhanced natural disasters, #UNFCCC; #Kyoto_Protocol; #Paris_Agreement; SDGs; Roles of municipal and regional authorities; Institutional arrangements for climate change in Pakistan; Pakistan Climate Change Policy 2012; Pakistan Climate Change Act 2017.
Climate Change is the defining issue of our time. From shifting weather patterns that threaten food production, to rising sea levels that increase the risk of catastrophic flooding, the impacts of climate change are global in scope and unprecedented in scale. Without drastic action today, adapting to these impacts in the future will be more difficult and costly (United Nations).
CLIMATE CHANGE presentation is prepared by Meena A S for school and collage students and teachers for easy understanidg of the concept, its causes, effects and solutions.
This covers climate change and migration, looking at the relationship between these two variables. Climate change can serve as a push factor for people to migrate while migration can lead to the degradation of the environment and exacerbating climate change.
Report of IPBES/ IPCC working group- reviewing overlap and actions needed, in order to both combat Climate Change and restore and protect Biodiversity.
June 2012 work
Powerpoint presentation.
This is a ppt for safe diposal of waste. It basically talks about 4 methods:
-> Segregation of Waste
-> Dumping/Landfills
-> Composting of Wate
-> Drainage
It also provides the various methods and explanatory diagram
This is the fourth lesson titled 'Attributions of climate change' of the course ' Climate Change and Global environment' conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka.
This is the introduction to the course 'Climate Change and Global Environment' conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Over millions of years, species become adapted to survive in the conditions in which they live. A stable climate supports this process and allows living things to thrive. If the climate changes quickly, organisms don’t have enough time to adapt to new conditions and may no longer be able to survive.
a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.
a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.
Vivid description about climate change
A NASA database based presentation.
Geoengineering, solar , Mitigation and Adaption
a social cause , vital signs of planet
brief intoduction
www.climate.nasa.gov
The freeze-thaw threshold of 0°C is crucial in polar regions. Large changes in physical, biological, and human systems occur when temperature crosses this threshold. Therefore, any climate change that shifts the freeze-thaw line, whether in space or time, will bring about important impacts
A hard-hitting lecture by Ranyl Rhydwen at the Centre for Alternative Technology in Wales - really 3 lectures crammed into one - explaining how our climate works, what the current science is saying about climate change, and thoughts on what to do about it. A very good, and important talk to listen to. Recorded November 2009, a month before the COP-15 Climate Conference in Copenhagen. Please note this lecture is copyright Centre for Alternative Technology (http://www.cat.org.uk)
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
2. Outline
1. What is climate?
Weather VS Climate
Factors affecting climate
2. How is the climate changing?
Causes of climate change
Global warming and the greenhouse effect
Contributing factors
3. How will the future climate look like?
Global projections
Local projections
3. 4. What will be its impacts?
How sectors will be affected
Vulnerability of the Philippines
5. How are we going to respond?
Mitigation and adaptation
Global and Local efforts
Individual contributions
Outline
5. What is climate?
It considers the average
weather conditions and
its variability to give a
long-term view of the
weather being
experienced by a certain
area. (ISDR, 2008)
If it is generally hot for a
certain period every
year, then that area has a
hot climate.
Philippine Climate Types based
on Corona Classification
7. What is weather?
the set of conditions in the
atmosphere observed at a
certain time and place. (ISDR,
2008)
focuses on a short period of time
(NASA, 2013)
Example: Today is a sunny day
with expected 0-20mm rainfall in
the morning. Tomorrow, could be
a rainy day. Different days have
different weather conditions.
9. Earth and its radiative equilibrium
intensity of the sun's
radiation;
the planet's distance
from the sun; and
its albedo or
reflectivity for solar
radiation.
10. The Climate System
The following
processes play an
important role in the
climate system:
Global energy
balance;
Global water cycle;
Global carbon cycle
“The detailed patterns of climate on earth are produced
by a complex web of interacting physical, chemical and
biological processes within the global climate system.”
(Bureau of Meteorology Australia, 2003)
12. Different ocean currents
can indicate changes in
temperature (ISDR, 2008)
Oceans
“Ocean covers 71% of the
earth’s surface to an average
depth of 3800 m and plays a
key role in redistributing heat
around the globe.” (Bureau of
Meteorology Australia, 2003)
13. Volcanic
Eruptions
Volcanic eruptions introduce
gases and particles that can
impact the climate of an
area (Robock, 2002)
It can reduce the solar
radiation, cooling up the
surface of the Earth for
several years. (Bureau of
Meteorology Australia, 2003)
Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 was
the largest eruption of the
20th century. The relatively
cooler surface that
followed for more than two
years was attributed to this
eruption. (Bureau of
Meteorology Australia,
2003)
14. Countries found closer to
the equator have warmer
climates.
The further away a
country is from the
equator, the cooler its
climate will be. (Bureau of
Meteorology Australia,
2003)
The Philippines is found
right above the equator,
which would explain a
great deal of its hot
climate.
Distance
from the
Equator
15. Continentality
(Distance
from the sea)
When you go to the beach,
the sun seems stronger
since there is not as much
shade compared to the city.
The difference is that it
generally feels much
cooler.
Areas beside or closer to
bodies of water have a
cooler and wetter climate
Inland areas experience a
wide range of
temperatures.
(UK Environmental Change
Network, 2013)
17. Human activities are the
major contributors to
climate change.
“…in particular fossil fuel use and changing land-uses, are the
dominant factor in this growth and are responsible for most of
the warming observed over the past 50 years.” (ISDR)
18. Burning of
Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels are formed
from decayed plants and
animals, which are
converted into crude oil,
coal and natural gas
(Science Daily, 2013)
The increase in fossil fuel
burning for transportation,
manufacturing, home use,
etc. is one of the main
contributors to the
heightened global
warming.
19. Deforestation
(Changing
patterns of land
use)
Trees absorb carbon
dioxide, which helps make
a climate cooler.
If forests are cut down, no
trees will absorb the
carbon dioxide. This adds
to the greenhouse effect.
(Greenhouse Effect and
Climate Change)
Deforestation itself
releases carbon dioxide
into the atmosphere. (IPCC,
2007)
The Philippines only has
6.6% of its original forest
cover left. (Forest Carbon
Asia, 2012)
20. This is another form of
fossil fuel burning. GHG
emissions have
significantly increased
since the Industrial
Revolution. (Government
of Canada, 2012)
The increase in the use of
fossil fuels brought about
the increase in GHG
emissions, making the
Earth warmer.
Industrial
Production
21. Mountains
of Trash
Smokey Mountain is the
famous trash mountain in
Manila, Philippines that
releases a lot of methane.
How do we deal with this
problem?
Reduce. Reuse. Recycle.
Our trash in landfills breaks
down and releases a gas
called Methane, a GHG that
contributes to 20% of global
warming. (Greenhouse
Effect and Climate
Change), (GRIDA, 2013)
22. Summary: Section 1
Climate gives a long-term view of the weather
being experienced by a certain area.
It is affected by natural and human causes.
Human activity has become the main driver of
climate change.
Weather is different from climate, in that it is the
set of conditions in the atmosphere observed at a
certain time and place.
24. Climate Change
“any change in climate over time, whether due to
natural variability or as a result of human activity”
(IPCC)
the natural occurrence of changes in the state of the
climate (UNFCCC)
From clearing forests to burning fossil fuels, these
activities all contribute to the increase in concentration
of greenhouse gases that get released into the
atmosphere. (ISDR, 2008)
25. It is no surprise that the climate
has been changing world wide.
In fact, this is a natural phenomenon that has been
taking place for centuries.
But scientists have noticed that the change in climate
has become more extreme in the past decades,
especially in temperature increase.
Why is this so?
26. What are greenhouse gases (GHGs)?
compounds that trap
heat in the Earth’s
atmosphere (EIA, 2004),
(IPCC)
When it gets trapped in
the Earth, it makes the
temperature warmer.
Examples include carbon
dioxide, methane,
nitrous oxide (CCC)
27. Greenhouse gases and their lifespan
Greenhouse
gases
Main sources
Life in the
atmosphere
Proportional
contribution
to global
warming
Carbon dioxide
(CO2)
Fossil fuel burning, deforestation,
biomass, burning, gas flaring, cement
production
5 to 200 years 60%
Methane (CH4)
Natural wetlands, rice paddies, ruminant
animals, natural gas drilling, venting and
transmission, biomass burning, coal mining
12 years 20%
Halocarbons Industrial production and consumer goods
2 to 50,000
years
14%
Nitrous oxide
(N2O)
Biological sources in oceans and soils,
combustions, biomass burning, fertilizer
114 year 6%
(Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change)
28. How do the GHGs of the past
affect us today?
Since GHGs have different lifespans that last for at least
two years, the GHGs produced in the past are part of
the cause of climate change today.
The current situation of climate change in the
Philippines is partially caused by human activities that
took place in the 1980s, for example.
CO2 released in the past still affects climate change
today because the GHGs are still present in the Earth’s
atmosphere.
29. Greenhouse Effect
GHGs acting as a blanket that warm
up the Earth (CCC)
This natural warming process helps
maintain a stable temperature for the
Earth (NEAQ, 2013), (PEW Center)
Stable
temperature:
allows living things
to survive and
thrive in
31. Global Warming
Most commonly associated with climate change
It is an enhanced greenhouse effect caused by
human interference and activity.
This further increases global temperatures, hence
warming the earth. (PEW Center)
32. Global Warming
Global average
temperature rose by -
16.67°C or 1.5°F in the
last century. (PEW)
To date, the Earth has
the highest
concentration of
greenhouse gases
compared to the past
500,000 years. (ISDR)
34. Globally…
The eleven years of 1995 to 2006 rank among
the twelve warmest years in the record of
global surface temperature (since 1850).
The linear warming trend from 1956 to 2005
(0.13 [0.10 to 0.16]°C per decade) is nearly
twice that for the 100 years from 1906 to 2005.
(IPCC)
35. Global
Temperature
Changes
There has been a
noticeable increase
in global
temperature over
the past 50 years.
Due to the increased
ice melting in the
polar regions, global
sea levels have been
rising along with it.
(IPCC, 2007)
36. Philippine Changes in Temperature
temperature increase from 1951 to 2010 (PAGASA, 2011)
0.65°C
37. Summary: Section 2
Climate Change is “any change in climate over time, whether due
to natural variability or as a result of human activity” (IPCC)
Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and make the
Earth warmer.
The greenhouse effect is a natural warming process where GHGs
purpose comes into play.
Global warming is an increased greenhouse effect that is
influenced by human activity.
Temperature has been increasing globally and locally.
42. Climate Change in the Philippines
Hot days | Rainfall
Extreme weather events
43. Projected Philippine Climate
The Philippines will have warmer
days.
Summer time will experience less
rainfall.
The mean temperature is
expected to rise by:
0.9°C to 1.1 °C in 2020; and
1.8°C to 2.2 °C in 2050.
Rainfall is expected to increase
during the southwest monsoon
season.
(PAGASA, 2011)
44. Summary: Section 3
Global climate is expected to increase in
temperature by 0.4°C in the next two
decades.
In the Philippines, there will be a projected
increase in temperature.
There will be warmer days during the
summer, but more rainfall during the rainy
season.
46. How will it affect
the different sectors
in the Philippines?
Understanding climate change under
Philippine context
47. Coastal and Marine
Increased sea surface
temperature and sea level
rise
Impacts
50% decrease in marine
capture by 2050
Coral bleaching
Corals die, and water species
lose their homes
Sea level rise causes
destruction
People will lose their homes
Businesses will be affected
leading to less income
Migration or extinction of
organisms
(PAGASA, 2011)
Projections
48. Health
Projections
Increases in temperature
and rainfall
Impacts
Increase in outbreaks of
water-based and vector-
borne diseases
Increase in number of people
affected by diseases,
especially the poor who live
in inadequate conditions
Malnutrition is likely because
of the stress in food
production caused by
extreme events (PAGASA
2011)
49. Agriculture and Food Security
Projections
Increased intensity and
frequency of extreme
events (heavy rainfall,
flood, drought)
Impacts
Malnutrition is likely because
of the stress in food
production (PAGASA 2011)
Increase in temperature will
decrease agricultural
production (NCSP)
There will be a decrease in
food security
Farmers will be affected by
crop loss
Less crop, less income
50. Water
Projections
Areas with longer drier
periods and areas with
increased rainfall.
Impacts
Areas with longer drier
periods will have less water
essential for daily needs and
irrigation for farmers.
Less water will affect energy
production from dams.
Increased rainfall can lead to
floods, landslides and
mudslides. This disrupt daily
routines and destroy public
infrastructures.
51. Forestry
Projections
Forests are predicted to be
influenced by temperature
increase.
Impacts
Temperature increase leads
to less favorable forest
conditions to support plants
and animals.
Forest fires destroy homes of
species and change the
livelihood of communities
living within the area.
Forest degradation will
increase the country’s
vulnerability to climate
change.
52. Urban Infrastructure
Projections
Increased frequency of
extreme events and sea
level rise
Impacts
Urban conditions increase
the risk of climate hazards,
particularly for the poor
residents of cities.
Infrastructures and homes
will be destroyed.
Residences in affected areas
will be displaced by extreme
events.
Lives will be lost and more
people will be injured.
53. Gender
Projections
Changes in temperature
and rainfall pattern and
frequency of extreme
events
Impacts
Women already have
limited access to resources
and restricted rights.
The female gender may
have great ideas to
contribute to climate
change mitigation and
adaptation but will not
have the opportunity to
speak out.
(UNDP, 2013)
54. Energy
Projections
Changes in temperature
and rainfall patterns
Impacts
Changes will affect the
production, delivery and
consumption of energy.
Energy breakdowns
(blackouts) will increase.
It may become more and
more difficult to fix the
problems of energy
production the more
extreme events occur.
55. Projected Impacts on Ecosystems
(Source: IPCC 2007 AR4 WG II. Technical Summary. Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability)
57. In a study conducted by Yusuf and Francisco in 2009, the Philippines is considered
one of the most vulnerable to climate change in Southeast Asia.
Philippines’ Vulnerability
58. Philippine Geography
The Philippines is an archipelago consisting of
7,107
Along the typhoon belt
70% of cities and towns are in coastal areas (CDKN
Global, 2012)
Located close to the equator, making the climate
generally warmer
59. The geography of the
Philippines makes it even
more vulnerable to the
impacts of disasters.
Combining a natural hazard with an ill-prepared
community leads to greater disaster. (ISDR)
60. Summary: Section 4
Coastal and Marine: Temperature increase has caused coral
bleaching and decreased marine capture
Health: More water and vector-borne diseases
Agriculture and food security: Decrease in food production as
temperature increase
Water: Less water leading to droughts, increased rainfall
leading to floods and infrastructure destruction
Forestry: Animals and plants will lose their homes
61. Summary: Section 4
Urban and Infrastructure: Magnified risk of floods,
especially for the poverty-stricken areas
Gender: Less freedom between genders to
contribute ideas to addressing climate change
Energy: Disruptions in production and delivery of
energy
Philippines has increased vulnerability due to its
geography.
63. Energy-related CO2
emissions are projected to
increase by 36% by 2030.
Most of these emissions come from only a handful of
countries, majority of which are developed
countries. (PEW)
64. Many people have been
pushing for the
mitigation of climate
change for many years.
Climate change, specifically global warming, was already an
issue that was raised in the early 1900’s. There was not enough
support to convince people to mitigate its effects since the
impacts were not felt during these times yet.
65. What is mitigation?
It is the effort of people to reduce the emissions
they contribute to climate change. (CCC)
This is achieved by decreasing the greenhouse
gases through:
developing low-energy technologies
Reducing energy consumption
Switching to renewable energy
Preserving natural biomes that capture carbon dioxide
(ISDR)
67. The effects of climate
change have been rapidly
increasing to the point that
mitigation is not enough.
We must learn to adapt.
68. Response to Address Climate Change
The impacts are inevitable. They will happen, no
matter how great the efforts will be to mitigate
climate change.
Due to the fact that the Philippines has been so
vulnerable to climate change, mitigation efforts
will not be able to keep up with the increasing
effects.
With this in mind, adaptation is key in dealing with
climate change.
69. What is adaptation?
Adaptation is adjusting our human habits and
lifestyles in response to climate change and its effects.
Communities can adapt by:
preparing risk assessments
protecting ecosystems
improving agricultural methods
managing water resources
building settlements in safe zones
instituting better building designs
(ISDR)
72. This has been a call for global efforts,
first from the developed countries…
73. Global Efforts
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC)
the foundation of global efforts to combat global warming; opened
for signature in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit; has almost universal
membership with 195 governments having ratified the Convention
Kyoto Protocol
All participating industrialized countries are required to “reduce
emissions on average 5.2 percent below 1990 levels by 2008–2012”;
ratified by 182 countries (includes all developed countries except
the USA)
74. Even emissions from
developing countries are
rising faster than those
from developed countries.
“Their per capita emissions, however, will remain much lower than
those of developed countries. Despite being surpassed by China as
the largest annual emitter of GHGs in 2006, the United States
accounts for 30 percent of cumulative energy-related CO2
emissions since 1850 while China accounts for 9 percent.” (PEW)
75. Renewable Energy
Local Efforts: Mitigation
Geothermal Hydropower
Wind
Source:
http://www.energy.com.ph/
Source:
http://www.energy.com.ph/
Source: http://businessmirror.com.ph/
Solar
Source: http://business.inquirer.net/
76. Local Efforts: Mitigation
Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry
Source: www.energy.com.ph - Source:www.lwua.gov.ph
Reforestation Programs
Agroforestry
77. Local Efforts: Adaptation
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Act of 2010 (RA 10121)
Law that emphasizes the shift from disaster response to
disaster risk reduction
Addressing adaptation through improving poor urban
planning, poor solid waste management, etc.
Climate Change Act of 2009
created by the Climate Change Commission
sole policy-making body of the government tasked to
coordinate, monitor and evaluate plans to address
climate change
(SEPO)
78. Local Efforts: Adaptation
There are several initiatives from
different sectors like:
National Agencies (e.g. DA and DENR
Philippine Climate Change Adaptation
Project)
Local Government (e.g. Albay Province’
CCA and DRR initiatives)
Communities (e.g. community-based
adaptation: agriculture, agroforestry,
rainwater harvesting)
Private Sector (ABS-CBN’s Kapit Bisig para
sa Ilog Pasig)
79. How can YOU help
address the
impacts of climate
change?
80. Check your Carbon Footprint
You’ll never know how
much you can save
until you know how
much you’re using up.
WWF Philippines can
help you calculate your
carbon footprint.
Getting an idea of how
much you contribute
will give you ways on
how to reduce it.
81. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Manufacturing products and
throwing them away as waste
is one of the big contributors
to our degrading
environment.
Reduce your consumption.
Reuse what you have or sell
and donate them instead of
throwing them away.
Find the recycling center
closest to you!
82. Conserve Water
A person consumes an
average of 70 gallons of
water per day. (WWF,
2013)
Turn off the faucet when
it’s not in use.
Keep your showers short.
Kindly decline water in
restaurants if you don’t
plan on drinking it.
83. Choose Green Travelling
If a place is close
enough, choose
walking over driving. It
reduces carbon
emissions and gives
you good exercise.
Find ways to commute
instead of taking a car.
If you must take a car,
look for people you
can carpool with.
84. Decrease Energy Use
There are appliances that still
consume energy when plugged in.
Unplug them to make sure you are
not consuming wasted energy.
Choose green appliances. Products
like solar-powered clocks and phone
chargers are available on the
market!
Turn your house on full clean energy
and convert to using solar panels.
85. Prepare a Survival Pack
Due to the unpredictable
change in climate, it is
important to always be ready.
Have a survival pack prepared
with canned food, extra
clothes, medicine, water, etc.
Keep a list of the emergency
hotlines.
Check Get Ready Pinas for
more details.
86. Learn and Inform
Keep yourself informed of
the climate situation in the
Philippines.
Learn more about how else
you can help mitigate and
adapt to climate change.
You can do this through
volunteer work as well.
Inform others and help
them understand how they
can reduce their impacts to
climate change.
87. Summary: Section 5
Mitigation is the human effort to reduce emissions
that contribute to climate change.
Adaptation has become necessary, especially for a
disaster-prone country like the Philippines.
Adaptation is adjusting human lifestyle in response
to climate change.
Mitigation and adaptation efforts have been taking
place locally and globally.
89. ReferencesAlliance Development Works, United Nations University, The Nature Conservancy. (2013). World Risks Report 2012. Retrieved from http://www.worldriskreport.com/Bericht.435.0.html?&L=3
Eckstein, D. and Harmeling S. (2013). Global Climate Risk Index 2013: Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events? Weather-related Loss Events in 2011 and 1992 to 2011. Retrieved from
http://germanwatch.org/fr/download/7170.pdf
Sajise, A. (2010). State of the Art on Socio-Economics of Climate Change in the Philippines. Retrieved from http://www.searca.org/
PAGASA (2011). Climate Change in the Philippines. Retrieved from http://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/climate_change/Climate%20change%20in%20the%20Philippines%20-%20August%2025%202011.pdf
Senate Economic Planning Office SEPO (2013). Natural Disasters at a Glance. Retrieved from http://www.senate.gov.ph/publications/AAG%202013-04%20-%20Natural%20Disasters_final.pdf
World Bank. (2013). Turn Down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/06/17862361/turn-down-heat-
climate-extremes-regional-impacts-case-resilience-full-report
Peng, S, J Huang, JE Sheehy, RC Laza, RM Visperas, X Zhong, GS Centeno, GS Khush and KG Cassman. (2004). Rice yields decline with higher night temperature from global warming. National Academy of
Sciences of the United States of America 101 (27): 9971-9975.
Philippine Floods [Digital photograph]. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/deluge-traps-thousands-in-manila/story-e6frea6u-1226446410612
IPCC Data Distribution Center. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.ipcc-data.org/
International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction (2008). Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction. Retrieved from http://www.unisdr.org/files/4146_ClimateChangeDRR.pdf
Weaver, C., Lempert, R., Brown, C., Hall, J., Revell, D., and Sarewitz, D. (2013). Improving the contribution of climate model information to decision making: the value and demands of robust frameworks.
WIREs Clim Change, 4, 39–60. doi: 10.1002/wcc.202
Idinoba, M., Imbach, P., and Santoso, H. (2008). Climate Scenarios: What we need to know and how to generate them. Retrieved from http://www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view-
publication/publication/2766.html
Barrow, E. (2001). Climate Change Scenarios [Powerpoint slides]. Retrieved from http://www.parc.ca/pdf/conference_proceedings/jan_01_barrow1.pdf
Bureau of Meteorology, Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology Australia (2003). The Greenhouse effect and climate change. Retrieved
from http://www.bom.gov.au/info/GreenhouseEffectAndClimateChange.pdf
Care Climate Change (2012). Decision-making for climate resilient livelihoods and risk reduction: a Participatory Scenario Planning approach. Retrieved from
http://www.careclimatechange.org/files/adaptation/ALP_PSP_Brief.pdf
Burton, I., Huq, S., Lim, B., Pilifosova, O., and Schipper, E. (2002). From Impacts, Assessment to Adaptation Priorities: the Shaping of Adaptation Policy. Climate Policy, 2, 145-149.
IPCC. 2007b. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [M.L. Parry,
O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds.], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
Wilby, R.L., J. Troni, Y. Biot, L. Tedd, B. C. Hewitson, D. M. Smithe and R. T. Sutton. (2009). A review of climate risk information for adaptation and development planning. International Journal of
Climatology, 29, 1193–1215. doi: 10.1002/joc.1839
Lugon, R. (2010). Climate information for decision-making: Lessons learned from effective user provider communication schemes. Retrieved from
http://www.pnclink.org/pnc2010/english/PPT/Dec1/4701/ClimateChange/PNC_JHYOO.pdf
Chinvanno, S. (2011). Developing Regional Climate Change Scenario and Dilemma in Climate Change Adaptation Planning. Retrieved from
http://www.thailandadaptation.net/doc/CC%20scenario%20and%20dilemma%20in%20CC%20planning.pdf
United Nations Development Programme (2011). Formulating Climate Change Scenarios to Inform Climate-Resilient Development Strategies. Retrieved from
http://www.climatefinanceoptions.org/cfo/node/256
Alano, B. (2013). Unique Portraits of Filipino Fishermen by Bryan Alano. [Digital photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.photographyblogger.net/unique-portraits-of-filipino-fishermen-by-bryan-alano/
Silhouetted Fisherman. [Digital photograph]. (2012). Retrieved from http://nomadicimagery.wordpress.com/2012/01/08/the-philippines/
Salgado, T. (2008). Farmers ready to planting rice seedlings. [Digital photograph]. Retrieved from http://filipinolifeinpictures.wordpress.com/page/88/
Rice planting. [Digital photograph]. (2008). Retrieved from http://filipinolifeinpictures.wordpress.com/category/rice/page/6/
World Meteorological Organization (2013). Emission scenarios. Retrieved from http://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/emission_scenarios.php
Lasco, R. and Delfino, R. (2010). Future Climate and Uncertainties [Powerpoint slides].
Baas, P., Kappelle, M., and Van Vuuren, M. (1999). Effects of climate change on biodiversity: a review and identification of key research issues. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8, 1383-1397.
Goosse H., P.Y. Barriat, W. Lefebvre, M.F. Loutre, and V. Zunz (2010). Introduction to climate dynamics and climate modelling. Retrieved from http://www.elic.ucl.ac.be/textbook/chapter6_node1.html
van Ypersele, JP. (2010). Update on Scenario Development: from SRES to RCPs. Retrieved from
http://unfccc.int/files/methods_and_science/research_and_systematic_observation/application/pdf/ipcc_van_ypersele.pdf
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2007a). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 104 pp.
Felipe, A. (2007). Filipinos. [Digital photograph]. Retrieved from http://alexfelipe.info/
90. Produced by:
Team:
Alexandra Beatrice Cancio, Rafaela Jane Delfino, Rodel Lasco, Perlyn
Pulhin, Luigi Toda
For more information, contact us at info@omlopezcenter.org
Citation: The Oscar M. Lopez Center Climate Change and Disaster Risk
Management Foundation, Inc., 2013. Climate Change 101. Climate
Knowledge Portal for the Philippines. (Url here)