1) The document discusses various causes of global climate change including changes in Earth's orbit and solar radiation, albedo effects, and greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane.
2) Evidence of past climate changes is seen in temperature and carbon dioxide variations from ice cores, glacial activity, sea levels, and vegetation changes.
3) The author argues that climate change is a natural phenomenon and that the role of human-caused carbon dioxide emissions in current warming is limited and uncertain.
Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions (i.e., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics, and volcanic eruptions. Certain human activities have also been identified as significant causes of recent climate change, often referred to as "global warming"
Scientists actively work to understand past and future climate by using observations and theoretical models. A climate record — extending deep into the Earth's past — has been assembled, and continues to be built up, based on geological evidence from borehole temperature profiles, cores removed from deep accumulations of ice, floral and faunal records, glacial and periglacial processes, stable-isotope and other analyses of sediment layers, and records of past sea levels. More recent data are provided by the instrumental record. General circulation models, based on the physical sciences, are often used in theoretical approaches to match past climate data, make future projections, and link causes and effects in climate change.
Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions (i.e., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics, and volcanic eruptions. Certain human activities have also been identified as significant causes of recent climate change, often referred to as "global warming"
Scientists actively work to understand past and future climate by using observations and theoretical models. A climate record — extending deep into the Earth's past — has been assembled, and continues to be built up, based on geological evidence from borehole temperature profiles, cores removed from deep accumulations of ice, floral and faunal records, glacial and periglacial processes, stable-isotope and other analyses of sediment layers, and records of past sea levels. More recent data are provided by the instrumental record. General circulation models, based on the physical sciences, are often used in theoretical approaches to match past climate data, make future projections, and link causes and effects in climate change.
We are the students of Ahsanullah University of Science And Technology from civil Engineering department .We have prepared a presentation for our Environmental Engineering lll course to explain global warming and climate change.Global Warming and Climate Change is hot topic nowadays .So this presentation was made to discover main causes behind this situation . Is Anthropogenic or natural?? In this presentation we have tried to explain this .
The Earth’s climate is dynamic and characterised by trends, aberrations and quasi-periodic oscillations varying over a broad range of time-scales [1], which are governed by external (extraterrestrial systems) and/or internal(ocean, atmosphere and land system). Trends are largely controlled by plate tectonics, and thus to change gradually on million year time scale. Aberrations occur when the certain thresholds are passed and are manifested in the geological record as the unusual rapid (less than a few thousands of years) or extreme change in climate. The quasi-periodic oscillations are mostly astronomically paced; they are driven by astronomical perturbations that affect the earth’s orbit around the sun and the orientation of earth’s rotation axis with respect to its orbital plane. These perturbations are described by the three main astronomical cycles: eccentricity, precession and obliquity, which together determine the spatial and seasonal pattern of insolation received by the earth [2], eventually resulting in climatic oscillations of ten to hundreds of thousands of year [3].Sun being the main source of energy for the earth system controls the climate of it. Variation in solar activity and cosmic ray intensity has direct influence over climatic features such as cloudiness, temperature and rainfall [4]. Volcanic eruptions also force all elements of the climatic systems up to a varying degree but producing long term climatic signals in the ocean. The cumulative volcanic cooling effect at present offsets about one third of anthropogenic warming [5].Other than these causes paleoclimatologists also relates the past climate changes with movement of solar system[6], interplanetary dusts and influence of asteroids[7].However the recent variability in climate what earth is experiencing is unlikely due to any of the individual above factors rather it is due to the compound effect of complex interactions of all the natural as well as anthropogenic forcings.
References:
1. J. C. Zachos, M. Pagani, L. Sloan, E. Thomas, K. Billups, Science 292 (2001) 686-693.
2. G. Kukla, Nature (London) 253, 600 (1975).
3. J. D. Hays, J. Imbrie, N. J. Shackleton, Science 194 (1876) 1121-1132.
4. N. Marsh, H. Swensmark, Space Sci. Rev. 94 (2000) 215-230.
5. T. L. Delworth, V. Ramaswamy, G. L. Stenchikov, Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 (2005) L24709.
6. K. Fuhrer, E. W. Wolf, S. J. Johnsen, J. Geophys. Res. 104(D24) (1999) 31043-31052
7. P. Hut, W. Alvarez, W. P. Elder, T. Hansen, E. G. Kauffman, G. Keller, E. M. Shoemaker & P. R. Weissman, Nature Vol. 329, 10 September, 1987
Composition and Structure, Global Warming, Earth’s Energy Balance, Greenhouse Effect, Climate Change over Time, Glacier and Inter-Glacier Age and its correlation to CO2 level, Climate Change and its Impact on Bangladesh, Mitigation.
Climate: Climatic Change - Evidence, Cycles and The Futuregeomillie
A PowerPoint used in class to cover the key forms of evidence you need to know for the Exam. Key Questions are likely to be focused on how we can gain information of past climatic change, and how it can be used to predict future, and I would expect you to be able to comment on the usefulness of the different types. For instance, Ice cores are highly accurate and quantifiable evidence, but gaining them is expensive, and only gives a climatic record for the site at which the snow formed. However, they do provide the longest record of change.
Lecture power point of Climate change Adaptation and Mitigation for Department of Natural Resource Management. This short lecture power point is prepared by Mengistu Tilahun
Thanks!!!
Introducing climate change in river basin managementLia Romano
3rd International Meeting on Meteorology and Climatology of the Mediterranean
POSTER
ABSTRACT
Within an increasing sensibility of international scientific community and public opinion about the issue, the recent European Directives in water policy, the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC and the Floods Directive 2007/60/EC - that provide legal instruments for protecting and restoring the water environment, as well as for reducing risks to human health, cultural heritage and economic activity - require the States Member to take into account the eventual trend induced by climate change, from which major changes in yearly and seasonal precipitation and water flow, flooding, coastal erosion and water quality arise.
The effects of the climate change on the hydrological cycle are usually carried out by means of climatic models working on a planetary scale and most of all forecast an drying trend in Southern Europe, unlike a wetting trend in the Northern Europe. On the other hand, at regional scale, the expected changes can be rather different, indeed forecast of precipitation and flow changes at river basin scale are less certain, due to large natural variability in these quantities, as well as the limitation of climate models, and assumptions used to downscale information from climate to hydrological models.
It follows that an important role of water managers would be to adopt plans to climate change impacts, individuating methodologies for evaluation of climate variability scenarios in the basins management, both for water scarcity management and for flood risk management in order to apply efficiently long term measures.
We are the students of Ahsanullah University of Science And Technology from civil Engineering department .We have prepared a presentation for our Environmental Engineering lll course to explain global warming and climate change.Global Warming and Climate Change is hot topic nowadays .So this presentation was made to discover main causes behind this situation . Is Anthropogenic or natural?? In this presentation we have tried to explain this .
The Earth’s climate is dynamic and characterised by trends, aberrations and quasi-periodic oscillations varying over a broad range of time-scales [1], which are governed by external (extraterrestrial systems) and/or internal(ocean, atmosphere and land system). Trends are largely controlled by plate tectonics, and thus to change gradually on million year time scale. Aberrations occur when the certain thresholds are passed and are manifested in the geological record as the unusual rapid (less than a few thousands of years) or extreme change in climate. The quasi-periodic oscillations are mostly astronomically paced; they are driven by astronomical perturbations that affect the earth’s orbit around the sun and the orientation of earth’s rotation axis with respect to its orbital plane. These perturbations are described by the three main astronomical cycles: eccentricity, precession and obliquity, which together determine the spatial and seasonal pattern of insolation received by the earth [2], eventually resulting in climatic oscillations of ten to hundreds of thousands of year [3].Sun being the main source of energy for the earth system controls the climate of it. Variation in solar activity and cosmic ray intensity has direct influence over climatic features such as cloudiness, temperature and rainfall [4]. Volcanic eruptions also force all elements of the climatic systems up to a varying degree but producing long term climatic signals in the ocean. The cumulative volcanic cooling effect at present offsets about one third of anthropogenic warming [5].Other than these causes paleoclimatologists also relates the past climate changes with movement of solar system[6], interplanetary dusts and influence of asteroids[7].However the recent variability in climate what earth is experiencing is unlikely due to any of the individual above factors rather it is due to the compound effect of complex interactions of all the natural as well as anthropogenic forcings.
References:
1. J. C. Zachos, M. Pagani, L. Sloan, E. Thomas, K. Billups, Science 292 (2001) 686-693.
2. G. Kukla, Nature (London) 253, 600 (1975).
3. J. D. Hays, J. Imbrie, N. J. Shackleton, Science 194 (1876) 1121-1132.
4. N. Marsh, H. Swensmark, Space Sci. Rev. 94 (2000) 215-230.
5. T. L. Delworth, V. Ramaswamy, G. L. Stenchikov, Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 (2005) L24709.
6. K. Fuhrer, E. W. Wolf, S. J. Johnsen, J. Geophys. Res. 104(D24) (1999) 31043-31052
7. P. Hut, W. Alvarez, W. P. Elder, T. Hansen, E. G. Kauffman, G. Keller, E. M. Shoemaker & P. R. Weissman, Nature Vol. 329, 10 September, 1987
Composition and Structure, Global Warming, Earth’s Energy Balance, Greenhouse Effect, Climate Change over Time, Glacier and Inter-Glacier Age and its correlation to CO2 level, Climate Change and its Impact on Bangladesh, Mitigation.
Climate: Climatic Change - Evidence, Cycles and The Futuregeomillie
A PowerPoint used in class to cover the key forms of evidence you need to know for the Exam. Key Questions are likely to be focused on how we can gain information of past climatic change, and how it can be used to predict future, and I would expect you to be able to comment on the usefulness of the different types. For instance, Ice cores are highly accurate and quantifiable evidence, but gaining them is expensive, and only gives a climatic record for the site at which the snow formed. However, they do provide the longest record of change.
Lecture power point of Climate change Adaptation and Mitigation for Department of Natural Resource Management. This short lecture power point is prepared by Mengistu Tilahun
Thanks!!!
Introducing climate change in river basin managementLia Romano
3rd International Meeting on Meteorology and Climatology of the Mediterranean
POSTER
ABSTRACT
Within an increasing sensibility of international scientific community and public opinion about the issue, the recent European Directives in water policy, the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC and the Floods Directive 2007/60/EC - that provide legal instruments for protecting and restoring the water environment, as well as for reducing risks to human health, cultural heritage and economic activity - require the States Member to take into account the eventual trend induced by climate change, from which major changes in yearly and seasonal precipitation and water flow, flooding, coastal erosion and water quality arise.
The effects of the climate change on the hydrological cycle are usually carried out by means of climatic models working on a planetary scale and most of all forecast an drying trend in Southern Europe, unlike a wetting trend in the Northern Europe. On the other hand, at regional scale, the expected changes can be rather different, indeed forecast of precipitation and flow changes at river basin scale are less certain, due to large natural variability in these quantities, as well as the limitation of climate models, and assumptions used to downscale information from climate to hydrological models.
It follows that an important role of water managers would be to adopt plans to climate change impacts, individuating methodologies for evaluation of climate variability scenarios in the basins management, both for water scarcity management and for flood risk management in order to apply efficiently long term measures.
Powerpoint presentation.
This is a ppt for safe diposal of waste. It basically talks about 4 methods:
-> Segregation of Waste
-> Dumping/Landfills
-> Composting of Wate
-> Drainage
It also provides the various methods and explanatory diagram
Four-Frame Model - Reframing OrganisationsPhil Vincent
Bolman & Deal identify four distinctive ‘frames’ from which people view their world - Structural, Human Resources, Political, and Symbolic.
Each frame comes with a range of concepts, metaphors and values which provide the scaffolding for organising raw experience of the world.
No one uses only one frame all the time, although people often show a preference for one or two frames.
Climate Change
Investigation
Manual
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
CLIMATE CHANGE
Overview
In this lab, students will carry out several activities aimed at
demonstrating consequences of anthropogenic carbon emissions,
climate change, and sea level rise. To do this, students will model
how certain gases in Earth’s atmosphere trap heat and then how
different colors and textures of surfaces reflect differing amounts
of sunlight back into space. They will create models of sea level
rise resulting from melting of sea ice and glacial ice and examine
the effects of this potential consequence of climate change.
Students will critically examine the model systems they used in
the experiments.
Outcomes
• Explain the causes of increased carbon emissions and their likely
effect on global climate.
• Discuss positive and negative climate feedback.
• Distinguish between glacial ice melt and oceanic ice melt.
Time Requirements
Preparation ..................................................................... 15 minutes
Activity 1: Modeling the Greenhouse Effect ................... 30 minutes
Activity 2: Modeling Albedo ........................................... 40 minutes
Activity 3: Sea Ice, Glacial Ice, and Sea Level Rise ....... 30 minutes
2 Carolina Distance Learning
Key
Personal protective
equipment
(PPE)
goggles gloves apron
follow
link to
video
photograph
results and
submit
stopwatch
required
warning corrosion flammable toxic environment health hazard
Made ADA compliant by
NetCentric Technologies using
the CommonLook® software
Table of Contents
2 Overview
2 Outcomes
2 Time Requirements
3 Background
9 Materials
9 Safety
9 Preparation
10 Activity 1
11 Activity 2
12 Activity 3
13 Graphing
13 Submission
13 Disposal and Cleanup
14 Lab Worksheet
Background
For the last 30 years, controversy has
surrounded the ideas of global warming/climate
change. However, the scientific concepts behind
the theory are not new. In the 1820s, Joseph
Fourier was the first to recognize that, given
the earth’s size and distance from the sun,
the planet’s surface temperature should be
considerably cooler than it was. He proposed
several mechanisms to explain why the earth
was warmer than his calculations predicted,
one of which was that the earth’s atmosphere
might act as an insulator. Forty years later,
John Tyndall demonstrated that different
gases have different capacities to absorb
infrared radiation, most notably methane (CH4),
carbon dioxide (CO2), and water vapor (H2O),
all of which are present in the atmosphere. In
1896, Svante Arrhenius developed the first
mathematical model of the effect of increased
CO2 levels on temperature. His model predicted
that a doubling of the amount of CO2 in the
atmosphere would produce a 5–6 °C increase
in temperature globally. Based on the level of
CO2 production in the late 19th century, he
predicted that this change would take place
over thousands of years, if at ...
Global Warming - A Global Warning....
today Global warming is Rapidly increasingh it is the need of the hour to control it......
for more details about the presentation contact
anishrajgoyal09rockstar@gmail.com
Described Basics of climate change and impact on Hydro-meteorological disaster (HMD) also included case study, impact of Climate Change & HMD in Western Himalayas.
Hello I am presenting before you a presentation on global warming which includes the mechanism of it and even the detailed information about how they occur due to different GHG. Hope it will be helpful to the students in understanding the global warming.
Thank You,
Tirthankar Majumder
MTech
Dept. of earth and environmental science
NIT- Durgapur
Site of asteroid impact changed the history of life on Earth: the low probabi...Sérgio Sacani
Sixty-six million years ago, an asteroid approximately 9km in diameter hit the hydrocarbon- and
sulfur-rich sedimentary rocks in what is now Mexico. Recent studies have shown that this impact at
the Yucatan Peninsula heated the hydrocarbon and sulfur in these rocks, forming stratospheric soot
and sulfate aerosols and causing extreme global cooling and drought. These events triggered a mass
extinction, including dinosaurs, and led to the subsequent macroevolution of mammals. The amount
of hydrocarbon and sulfur in rocks varies widely, depending on location, which suggests that cooling
and extinction levels were dependent on impact site. Here we show that the probability of signifcant
global cooling, mass extinction, and the subsequent appearance of mammals was quite low after an
asteroid impact on the Earth’s surface. This signifcant event could have occurred if the asteroid hit the
hydrocarbon-rich areas occupying approximately 13% of the Earth’s surface. The site of asteroid impact,
therefore, changed the history of life on Earth.
Final slideshow from the Climate School in Narvik, Norway. Marina Kaitalidou, a gifted student at the Climate School, has made this slideshow and was making the final lecture based on this slideshow. Enjoy.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE-FACTS
By:
Dr. Vinay Kumar Pandey
Ph.D., M.Sc. (Geology), M. Sc. (Disaster Mitigation)
E-mail: vinay78pandey@gmail.com
1 05/03/2013
2. CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is a
significant and lasting
change in the statistic
distribution of weather
patterns over periods
ranging from decades to
millions of years.
2 05/03/2013
3. CAUSES OF CHANGE IN GLOBAL
CLIMATE
• Change in Earth Orbit
• Variable Solar
Radiation/Output
• ALBEDO (Reflectivity)
Effects
• Greenhouse effects
3 05/03/2013
4. 1. CHANGE IN EARTH ORBIT-
MILANKOVITCH CYCLES
• The concept of Milankovitch Cycles was developed by the Serbian
mathematician Milutin Milankovitch (1930). They take account of
three variations in the orbit of the earth around the sun.
• Earth orbit changes from being nearly circular to slightly elliptical.
This cycle affected by other planets in the solar system.
• The angle of tilt of the earth axis changes from 22.1⁰ to 24.5⁰.
• The direction of the tilt of the axis changes (precession) on a cycle of
26,000 years.
These changes define the sequence of ice ages and warm periods.
4 05/03/2013
5. These changes influence the length of the seasons and the
amount of solar radiation received by the earth and5 define the 05/03/2013
sequence of ice ages & warm ages.
6. 2. VARIABLE SOLAR RADIATION
It appears that our Sun does not transmit a constant
intensity of radiation: observations indicate a variability of
0.1-0.2%. If solar output decreases for a period of time, it
causes cooling on Earth.
Although sunspot activity is cyclical (22 years), we do not
currently have an accurate concept of how solar output
has changed (and will change) on longer time scales.
6 05/03/2013
9. 3. ALBEDO EFFECTS
It is defined as the ratio of Hence, periods when polar
reflected radiation from the ice becomes very extended
surface to incident radiation
upon it. will promote further
It may expressed as a cooling.
percentage, and is Dust in the atmosphere has
measured on a scale from the same effect: it forms a
zero for no reflecting power high albedo veil around the
of a perfectly black surface, Earth, so that much solar
to 1 for perfect reflection of radiation is reflected before
a white surface. it reaches the surface. The
Ocean water have low dust may come from dry
albedo whereas land masses climate periods, volcanic
have moderate albedo. The
highest albedo is snow and eruptions or other means.
ice (very light in color).
9 05/03/2013
12. 4. GREENHOUSE GASSES
The greenhouse effect is a Greenhouse gases reduce the
process by which thermal net radiation loss and
radiation from a planetary stabilized the average global
surface is absorbed by temperature.
atmospheric greenhouse Without this effect, the Earth
gases, and is re-radiated in would be cold and
all directions. inhospitable.
If there is no greenhouse Main greenhouse gases & their
gases, the earth would be percentage on earth are:
radiate energy into space Water vapor, 36-70%
and average global Carbon dioxide, 9-26%
temperature would be (-) Methane, 4-9%
15⁰C. Ozone, 3-7%
12 05/03/2013
14. PLATE TECTONICS AND GREENHOUSE
EFFECTS
Huge volume of Carbon dioxide are injected into the ocean and atmosphere
during plate tectonic activities as earthquake and volcanoes.
The annual transported of carbon to & from the land surface & the atmosphere
and the ocean & the atmosphere is estimated 120 GtC (Gigatonnes of Carbon)
& 90 GtC respectively, and total natural emission is 210 GtC.
The annual emission of Carbon dioxide to the atmosphere resulting from
human activity is, by comparison, about 7 GtC (about 3% of total natural
annual emissions from the biosphere and the ocean).
Change in the natural transport of carbon, as well as human activity, have led
to recent increases in atmosphere concentration of carbon dioxide.
14 05/03/2013
16. EVIDENCES OF PAST GLOBAL CLIMATE
CHANGES
There is no single instrument measuring climate change. Instead
there are thousands of measuring devices spread across the
globe, on land, under the sea and in the air.
Physical evidence for and examples of climatic change:
1) Temperature measurements and proxies 7) Precipitation
2) Historical and archaeological evidence 8) Dendroclimatology
3) Glaciers 9) Ice cores
4) Arctic sea ice loss 10) Animals
5) Vegetation 11) Sea level change
6) Pollen analysis
16 05/03/2013
17. VARIATION OF TEMP. AND CARBON DIOXIDE IN EARTH LIFE
CYCLE
This graph indicates that there is no direct relationship between CO2 percentage in the
17 05/03/2013
atmosphere and global temperature. CO2 was much higher in past.
19. Graph indicates recent year relation between global climate change, CO2 percentage and Sunspots.
19 05/03/2013
No direct relation of CO2 in global climate change.
20. .
Graph indicates that temperature varies as Solar irradiance change. Presently Solar
20 05/03/2013
Irradiance is decreasing so global temp should be low.
21. CLIMATE VARIAION IN THE LAST MILLION YEARS
Warm age & Ice age is natural cycle. Previously earth was comparatively warm and
21 05/03/2013
cold as per current climate.
23. NINE FACTS ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE
-RAY EVANS (Nov 2006)
Fact 1. Climate change is a constant. The Vostok Ice Cores show five brief
interglacial periods from 415,000 years ago to the present. The Greenland
Ice Cores reveal a Minoan Warm Period 1450-1300 BC, a Roman Warm
Period 250-0 BC, the Mediaeval Warm Period 800-1100AD, the Little Ice
Age and the late 20th Century Warm Period 1900-2010 AD.
Fact 2. Carbon dioxide is necessary for all life on earth and increasing
atmospheric concentrations are beneficial to plant growth, particularly in
arid conditions.
Fact 3. The twentieth century was almost as warm as the centuries of the
Mediaeval Warm Period (1450-1300 BC), an era of great achievement in
European civilisation. The recent warm period, 1976-2000, appears to
have come to an end and astro-physicists who study sunspot behavior
predict that the next 25-50 years could be a cool period similar to the
Dalton Minimum of the 1790s-1820s. 23 05/03/2013
24. Fact 4. The evidence linking anthropogenic (man-made) carbon dioxide
emissions and current warming is limited to a correlation which holds only
for the period 1976 to 2000. Attempts to construct an holistic theory in
which atmospheric carbon dioxide controls the radiation balance of the
earth, and thus determines average global temperatures, have failed.
Fact 5. The anthropogenists claim that the overwhelming majority of
scientists are agreed on the anthropogenic carbon dioxide theory of
climate control; that the science is settled and the debate is over; and that
scientific sceptics are in the pay of the fossil fuel industries and their
arguments are thus fatally compromised. These claims are an expression
of hope, not of reality.
Fact 6. Anthropogenists blame, anthropogenic emissions of CO2 for high
temperatures, droughts, melting polar ice caps, rising sea levels and
retreating glaciers, and a decline in the polar bear population.
24 05/03/2013
25. Fact 7. They also blame anthropogenic CO2 for blizzards, unseasonable
snow, freezing weather generally and for hurricanes, cyclones and other
extreme weather events. There is no evidence at all to justify these
assertions. Increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide will
have negligible impact on the earth’s radiation balance and will promote
plant growth everywhere.
Fact 8. 'Tropical' diseases such as malaria and dengue fever are not
related to temperature but to poverty, lack of sanitation and the absence
of mosquito control practices.
Fact 9. The decarbonisation of the world's economy would, if attempted,
cause huge economic dislocation. Any democratic government which
seriously sought to fulfill decarbonisation commitments would lose
office. Shutting down coal-fired power stations and replacing them with
renewable energy sources such as windmills or solar panels will cause
unemployment and economic deprivation.
25 05/03/2013
26. SOLAR CYCLE AND GLOBAL TEMPARATURE
The sun turns through 180 degrees every 11 years and our earth
orbit comes close to the same parts of the sun that it came
close to 11 years earlier.
The graph below shows the solar-cycles in global temperatures
reasonably clearly. The vertical grid lines are 11-year solar cycle
intervals and the solid thin line is the annual mean global surface
temperatures, as published by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology.
The mean temperature for each 11-year solar cycle interval is shown
by the dashed horizontal lines and that value is written in each
interval. For example, the last solar cycle from 1999 to 2010 averaged
14.39 degrees C – the hottest 11-year solar cycle since the end of the
mini ice age in 1850. (Source: Ian Levy, Jan 2012)
26 05/03/2013
28. On the basis of above graph Solar Cycle and Global Temperature,
following results comes out:
There appears to be a strong, solar-related cyclical pattern in global
temperatures. Why can’t the overall warming trend also be
predominantly solar-induced and not human-induced?
Human-induced CO2 increased strongly from 1878 to 1911 but global
temperatures fell quite strongly for 33 years – this 33 years of non-
correlation between human-induced CO2 build-up and falling global
temperatures for 33 years cannot be ignored as a minor aberration.
Human-induced CO2 increased strongly from 1944 to 1977 but global
temperatures did not rise – they actually fell. Again, this 33-year period
of non-correlation with CO2 cannot be ignored.
If CO2 is the dominant control on global temperatures, why don’t
temperatures increase steadily in proportion to CO2 levels rather than
in a cyclical manner that seems to be more related to the sun’s seasonal
thermal cycles?
28 05/03/2013
29. Prediction
of future
global
climate (
Decrease
in temp)
change,
on the
basis of
Milankovit
ch Cycles.
29 05/03/2013
Past Age Present Time Future
30. Predicted Temp
Observed Temp.
Observed
surface
warming
graph are
differ from
predicted
temperature
graph.
Surface
temp has
been falling
since year
2010.
30 05/03/2013
31. Global average temp increased + 1.44°C Global average temp decreased (-) 0.08°C
from year 1983 to 1997. AND CO2 from year 1998 to 2012. AND CO2
concentration increased by 343 to 364 concentration increased by 364 to 394
ppm. ppm.
31 05/03/2013
32. CONCLUSION
Climate change is a constant feature of Earth.
Human-induced CO2 will increase strongly for at least the next
33years as China and India industrialise. If global temperatures do
not rise significantly during this next 33-year period, will we
conclude that this was a result of political action against “climate
change” or will we conclude that it is probably part of a long-term
solar cycle?
Anthropogenic (man made) activities are not playing major role in
present climate change.
Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) data has been
confirmed that despite of massive increase in anthropogenic
activities CO2, global temperature goes down & it is differ from
prediction.
There is no direct relation in concentration of Carbon dioxide in
32 05/03/2013
atmosphere and global temperature.
33. References
Nine Facts about Climate Change- Ray Evans, Nov 2006,
Published by Lavoisier Group.
A Watershed Year for Global Temperature Trends?
Update- Ian Levy, Jan 2012.
Various Internet sites.
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