This ppt slideshow is a compact capsule about various documents used for official communication.
Notice
Agenda
Memo
Minutes
House Organ
Bulletin
Enquiry Letter
Quotation
Offers
A brief description of various official documents are provided. For some documents, formats are provided.
TOPICS COVERED
Communication - Introduction
Barriers to Communication
Effective Listening
Principles of effective oral communication
Pronunciation and Physical behaviour
Interpersonal Communication
Group Discussion
Interview
Business Letter
Report writing
This document provides an overview of business communication and presentation skills. It discusses key aspects of communication like mediums, messages, audiences and barriers. It also covers topics like nonverbal communication, communication goals, presentation structure, PowerPoint tips and report writing. The document aims to improve readers' understanding of effective business communication.
Ppt on busniess meeting minutes and agendaSandip Kuril
This presentation discusses the importance of agendas and meeting minutes for business organizations. An agenda is a written list of topics to be discussed at a meeting, and helps keep meetings on track and focused. Meeting minutes provide an official written record of what was discussed, decisions made, and action items from a meeting. Taking accurate minutes is important for accountability, reference, and legal protection. The presentation provides sample formats for agendas and meeting minutes and discusses best practices for filing, storing, and sharing these documents within an organization.
This document discusses various types of vouching procedures an auditor should perform when auditing different accounts and transactions. It covers vouching of primary documents and collateral documents, cash sales, rent receivable, dividends received, interest receipts, sale of investments, payments to creditors, capital expenditures, trading transactions like purchases and returns. The auditor needs to check supporting documents, calculations, authorization and proper recording of transactions.
In the context of a company, the word ‘meeting’ implies
The coming together of a certain number of members;
For transacting the business in the agenda;
For which a previous notice has been issued.
The objective of the ppt of Elements of Costs and classification of expenditure is to have precise information, especially for the non commerce management students. I believe this would help them to understand the subject easily.
Management Accounting - Meaning, Definition and CharacteristicsRajaKrishnan M
Management accounting provides accounting information to assist management in policymaking and day-to-day operations. It links accounting information to management decision making. Management accounting is defined as the system for collecting and presenting relevant economic information for planning, controlling, and decision making. It has both scientific and artistic aspects, quantifying and summarizing financial data while also interpreting the information. The scope of management accounting includes financial accounting, cost accounting, budgeting, inventory control, statistical analysis, and data analysis to aid objectives such as planning, control, and organization.
TOPICS COVERED
Communication - Introduction
Barriers to Communication
Effective Listening
Principles of effective oral communication
Pronunciation and Physical behaviour
Interpersonal Communication
Group Discussion
Interview
Business Letter
Report writing
This document provides an overview of business communication and presentation skills. It discusses key aspects of communication like mediums, messages, audiences and barriers. It also covers topics like nonverbal communication, communication goals, presentation structure, PowerPoint tips and report writing. The document aims to improve readers' understanding of effective business communication.
Ppt on busniess meeting minutes and agendaSandip Kuril
This presentation discusses the importance of agendas and meeting minutes for business organizations. An agenda is a written list of topics to be discussed at a meeting, and helps keep meetings on track and focused. Meeting minutes provide an official written record of what was discussed, decisions made, and action items from a meeting. Taking accurate minutes is important for accountability, reference, and legal protection. The presentation provides sample formats for agendas and meeting minutes and discusses best practices for filing, storing, and sharing these documents within an organization.
This document discusses various types of vouching procedures an auditor should perform when auditing different accounts and transactions. It covers vouching of primary documents and collateral documents, cash sales, rent receivable, dividends received, interest receipts, sale of investments, payments to creditors, capital expenditures, trading transactions like purchases and returns. The auditor needs to check supporting documents, calculations, authorization and proper recording of transactions.
In the context of a company, the word ‘meeting’ implies
The coming together of a certain number of members;
For transacting the business in the agenda;
For which a previous notice has been issued.
The objective of the ppt of Elements of Costs and classification of expenditure is to have precise information, especially for the non commerce management students. I believe this would help them to understand the subject easily.
Management Accounting - Meaning, Definition and CharacteristicsRajaKrishnan M
Management accounting provides accounting information to assist management in policymaking and day-to-day operations. It links accounting information to management decision making. Management accounting is defined as the system for collecting and presenting relevant economic information for planning, controlling, and decision making. It has both scientific and artistic aspects, quantifying and summarizing financial data while also interpreting the information. The scope of management accounting includes financial accounting, cost accounting, budgeting, inventory control, statistical analysis, and data analysis to aid objectives such as planning, control, and organization.
Vouching involves testing the accuracy of transactions recorded in accounting books by examining supporting documentation. It helps auditors ensure transactions are valid, all entries are supported, and nothing has been omitted or misrecorded. Key aspects auditors examine when vouching cash receipts include cash sales records, bank deposit slips, and reconciling receipts to entries in cash books and bank statements. This helps auditors verify revenues have been completely and properly recorded.
This document discusses time keeping and time booking. It defines time keeping as recording worker arrival and departure times for attendance and wage calculations. Time keeping ensures regular attendance and compliance. Methods of time keeping include timekeepers, registers, tokens, and clocks. Time booking records actual time spent on jobs/operations and is job-wise. Methods include time sheets and job cards. Key differences are that time keeping is for attendance while time booking is for labor utilization and costing. Time keeping is personnel's responsibility while time booking is production's.
Overhead refers to indirect costs that cannot be traced to a specific product or service. There are various types of overheads that must be classified. The major steps in overhead accounting are to collect overhead details, distribute overhead to cost centers, and reapportion service department costs to production departments. Common bases for apportioning overhead include direct allocation, direct labor hours, and direct wages. Methods of reapportionment include the direct redistribution and step methods. Absorbing overheads involves allocating overhead expenses to cost centers or cost units using absorption rates. Under or over absorption of overhead can occur depending on actual overhead costs versus absorbed costs.
A Bill Of Exchange is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, signed by the maker , directing a certain person to pay a sum of money only to or to the order of a certain person or to the bearer of the instrument
A Bill Of Exchange is an instrument in writing.
It must be signed by the maker.
It contains an unconditional order.
The order must be to pay money and money only.
The sum payable must be specific.
The amount must be paid within a stipulated time.
The name of the drawee must be clearly mentioned.
It must be dated and stamped.
Process costing is a method used to calculate production costs for industries that produce standardized, homogeneous goods continuously through multiple processes. Costs are accumulated for each stage of production and divided by normal output to determine the cost per unit at each stage. Key terms include work-in-progress, normal and abnormal losses/gains, equivalent units, and features like continuous production and accumulation of direct and indirect costs by process. Process costing allows for periodic cost calculations and allocation of expenses to processes for accurate costs. It is simpler than job costing but provides only historical costs and average costs that are less useful for control.
Kinds of Company Meetings and Procedure- Corporate lawSparshAgarwal39
The document discusses company meetings and procedures in India. It defines a company meeting as the gathering of two or more people for lawful business purposes. There are four kinds of company meetings: board meetings, shareholder meetings, debenture holder meetings, and creditor meetings. Board meetings are the most important as they discuss company policies. Shareholder meetings include statutory meetings, annual general meetings, extraordinary general meetings, and class meetings. Proper procedures must be followed for company meetings which include giving notice, having an agenda, ensuring quorum, recording minutes, and passing resolutions. Certain powers can only be exercised by board resolution and not circulation.
Business communication is important for managerial efficiency, enhancing employee morale and relations, and effective leadership. It allows for the sharing of information within an organization to relay communication for commercial benefit. Effective communication helps reduce misunderstandings, develop mutual trust, make better decisions more promptly, aid staffing functions, and support all managerial functions like planning, organizing, and controlling.
This document discusses the concept of indirect taxes. It defines indirect taxes as taxes whose burden can be shifted to others, in part or wholly, through higher prices. Examples given are excise duties, sales tax, service tax, customs duty, and taxes on transportation fares. The objectives of indirect taxes include revenue generation, reducing income inequality, social welfare programs, earning foreign exchange, and regional development. Key features outlined are burden shifting, taxation of commodities/services, and indirect determination of taxpayer ability. Advantages include convenience, disguise of tax effect, difficulty evading, broad tax base, and potential for forced savings. Disadvantages involve regressivity, high collection costs, inflationary effects, and lack of educative value
This document discusses non-verbal communication. It begins with an introduction defining communication and non-verbal communication. It then presents a model of communication and describes the phases and types of non-verbal communication, including facial expressions, sign language, postures, proxemics, gestures, and eye contact. New types of non-verbal communication through technology are also discussed. Examples of cultural differences in non-verbal gestures and signals across countries are provided. The document concludes that actions speak louder than words and good non-verbal skills facilitate learning.
The document defines different types of audits:
Statutory audits are required by law and include audits of companies, banks, cooperatives, government departments, and public utilities. Government audits review accounts of government departments. Private/voluntary audits are undertaken voluntarily. Internal audits are conducted by internal staff while external audits are independent examinations of financial statements. Other types discussed include continuous, interim, balance sheet, complete, cash, efficiency, and tax audits.
This document provides an overview of auditing. It defines auditing as the systematic examination of records of a business or organization to verify financial operations and results. The document outlines the key features, types, and classifications of auditing. It also discusses the qualities needed in an auditor and the advantages and disadvantages of auditing.
This document provides an overview of Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs) under Indian law, including:
1. Key features of LLPs such as limited liability for partners, flexible organization structure governed by an LLP agreement, and LLPs having a separate legal identity.
2. The incorporation process for establishing an LLP which requires minimum two designated partners, no limit on maximum partners, reservation of names, and filing various forms with the Registrar of Companies.
3. Ongoing administration and compliance requirements for LLPs such as mandatory audits for LLPs with over Rs. 40 lakhs turnover, filing annual returns and accounts within specified timelines, and regulations regarding
Meetings are commonly held in organizations to facilitate communication and decision making. They allow groups to discuss tasks, share information and experiences, and make collective choices. For a meeting to be effective, it must have a clear purpose established ahead of time. Meetings are typically convened by a chairperson and require proper notice including the agenda sent to members in advance. Minutes are taken during the meeting to formally record all discussions, decisions made, responsibilities assigned, and timelines set. The minutes serve to confirm the meeting outcomes for those present and inform absent members.
This document provides information about human resource accounting and voyage accounting. It defines human resource accounting as measuring the cost and value of employees and managers in an organization. It discusses the objectives of HRA which include providing cost/value information about human resources and assisting in effective utilization and management of human resources. Some advantages of HRA are that it provides useful information for manpower planning, making personnel policies, utilizing human resources effectively, and increasing employee morale and motivation. The document also defines voyage accounting and provides details about accounting entries for voyage accounts, including items that are debited and credited. It includes two examples of completed voyage accounts.
This document provides information about meetings, agendas, notices, and meeting minutes. It defines a meeting as a gathering of two or more people to discuss business. An agenda outlines the topics and order of discussion to keep a meeting on track. A notice is a written communication used to inform people about organizational activities. Meeting minutes are a written record of the meeting proceedings that document discussions and decisions for future reference.
Vouchers provide documentary evidence of transactions recorded in accounting books. Auditors examine vouchers to verify transactions are valid, authorized, and correctly recorded. The extent of vouching depends on the strength of the company's internal controls - stronger controls allow auditors to check a sample rather than all transactions. Vouching typically involves two people comparing details in books to supporting documents. Cut-off procedures ensure physical inventory and account balances agree by properly accounting for stock movements and sales/purchases around the reporting date.
The document provides definitions and descriptions of common business documents including notices, reports, memos, agendas, proposals, minutes, agreements, letters, press releases, and resumes. Notices include essential details about meetings such as time, place, date and agenda. Reports describe events and present factual information for interpretation, planning, and decision making. Memos are short internal communications. Agendas list topics for discussion at meetings. Proposals offer services or projects. Minutes record motions and resolutions from meetings. Agreements outline agreed upon terms. Letters communicate externally. Reports, letters, and agreements are examples of documents used to communicate and conduct business.
Vouching involves testing the accuracy of transactions recorded in accounting books by examining supporting documentation. It helps auditors ensure transactions are valid, all entries are supported, and nothing has been omitted or misrecorded. Key aspects auditors examine when vouching cash receipts include cash sales records, bank deposit slips, and reconciling receipts to entries in cash books and bank statements. This helps auditors verify revenues have been completely and properly recorded.
This document discusses time keeping and time booking. It defines time keeping as recording worker arrival and departure times for attendance and wage calculations. Time keeping ensures regular attendance and compliance. Methods of time keeping include timekeepers, registers, tokens, and clocks. Time booking records actual time spent on jobs/operations and is job-wise. Methods include time sheets and job cards. Key differences are that time keeping is for attendance while time booking is for labor utilization and costing. Time keeping is personnel's responsibility while time booking is production's.
Overhead refers to indirect costs that cannot be traced to a specific product or service. There are various types of overheads that must be classified. The major steps in overhead accounting are to collect overhead details, distribute overhead to cost centers, and reapportion service department costs to production departments. Common bases for apportioning overhead include direct allocation, direct labor hours, and direct wages. Methods of reapportionment include the direct redistribution and step methods. Absorbing overheads involves allocating overhead expenses to cost centers or cost units using absorption rates. Under or over absorption of overhead can occur depending on actual overhead costs versus absorbed costs.
A Bill Of Exchange is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order, signed by the maker , directing a certain person to pay a sum of money only to or to the order of a certain person or to the bearer of the instrument
A Bill Of Exchange is an instrument in writing.
It must be signed by the maker.
It contains an unconditional order.
The order must be to pay money and money only.
The sum payable must be specific.
The amount must be paid within a stipulated time.
The name of the drawee must be clearly mentioned.
It must be dated and stamped.
Process costing is a method used to calculate production costs for industries that produce standardized, homogeneous goods continuously through multiple processes. Costs are accumulated for each stage of production and divided by normal output to determine the cost per unit at each stage. Key terms include work-in-progress, normal and abnormal losses/gains, equivalent units, and features like continuous production and accumulation of direct and indirect costs by process. Process costing allows for periodic cost calculations and allocation of expenses to processes for accurate costs. It is simpler than job costing but provides only historical costs and average costs that are less useful for control.
Kinds of Company Meetings and Procedure- Corporate lawSparshAgarwal39
The document discusses company meetings and procedures in India. It defines a company meeting as the gathering of two or more people for lawful business purposes. There are four kinds of company meetings: board meetings, shareholder meetings, debenture holder meetings, and creditor meetings. Board meetings are the most important as they discuss company policies. Shareholder meetings include statutory meetings, annual general meetings, extraordinary general meetings, and class meetings. Proper procedures must be followed for company meetings which include giving notice, having an agenda, ensuring quorum, recording minutes, and passing resolutions. Certain powers can only be exercised by board resolution and not circulation.
Business communication is important for managerial efficiency, enhancing employee morale and relations, and effective leadership. It allows for the sharing of information within an organization to relay communication for commercial benefit. Effective communication helps reduce misunderstandings, develop mutual trust, make better decisions more promptly, aid staffing functions, and support all managerial functions like planning, organizing, and controlling.
This document discusses the concept of indirect taxes. It defines indirect taxes as taxes whose burden can be shifted to others, in part or wholly, through higher prices. Examples given are excise duties, sales tax, service tax, customs duty, and taxes on transportation fares. The objectives of indirect taxes include revenue generation, reducing income inequality, social welfare programs, earning foreign exchange, and regional development. Key features outlined are burden shifting, taxation of commodities/services, and indirect determination of taxpayer ability. Advantages include convenience, disguise of tax effect, difficulty evading, broad tax base, and potential for forced savings. Disadvantages involve regressivity, high collection costs, inflationary effects, and lack of educative value
This document discusses non-verbal communication. It begins with an introduction defining communication and non-verbal communication. It then presents a model of communication and describes the phases and types of non-verbal communication, including facial expressions, sign language, postures, proxemics, gestures, and eye contact. New types of non-verbal communication through technology are also discussed. Examples of cultural differences in non-verbal gestures and signals across countries are provided. The document concludes that actions speak louder than words and good non-verbal skills facilitate learning.
The document defines different types of audits:
Statutory audits are required by law and include audits of companies, banks, cooperatives, government departments, and public utilities. Government audits review accounts of government departments. Private/voluntary audits are undertaken voluntarily. Internal audits are conducted by internal staff while external audits are independent examinations of financial statements. Other types discussed include continuous, interim, balance sheet, complete, cash, efficiency, and tax audits.
This document provides an overview of auditing. It defines auditing as the systematic examination of records of a business or organization to verify financial operations and results. The document outlines the key features, types, and classifications of auditing. It also discusses the qualities needed in an auditor and the advantages and disadvantages of auditing.
This document provides an overview of Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs) under Indian law, including:
1. Key features of LLPs such as limited liability for partners, flexible organization structure governed by an LLP agreement, and LLPs having a separate legal identity.
2. The incorporation process for establishing an LLP which requires minimum two designated partners, no limit on maximum partners, reservation of names, and filing various forms with the Registrar of Companies.
3. Ongoing administration and compliance requirements for LLPs such as mandatory audits for LLPs with over Rs. 40 lakhs turnover, filing annual returns and accounts within specified timelines, and regulations regarding
Meetings are commonly held in organizations to facilitate communication and decision making. They allow groups to discuss tasks, share information and experiences, and make collective choices. For a meeting to be effective, it must have a clear purpose established ahead of time. Meetings are typically convened by a chairperson and require proper notice including the agenda sent to members in advance. Minutes are taken during the meeting to formally record all discussions, decisions made, responsibilities assigned, and timelines set. The minutes serve to confirm the meeting outcomes for those present and inform absent members.
This document provides information about human resource accounting and voyage accounting. It defines human resource accounting as measuring the cost and value of employees and managers in an organization. It discusses the objectives of HRA which include providing cost/value information about human resources and assisting in effective utilization and management of human resources. Some advantages of HRA are that it provides useful information for manpower planning, making personnel policies, utilizing human resources effectively, and increasing employee morale and motivation. The document also defines voyage accounting and provides details about accounting entries for voyage accounts, including items that are debited and credited. It includes two examples of completed voyage accounts.
This document provides information about meetings, agendas, notices, and meeting minutes. It defines a meeting as a gathering of two or more people to discuss business. An agenda outlines the topics and order of discussion to keep a meeting on track. A notice is a written communication used to inform people about organizational activities. Meeting minutes are a written record of the meeting proceedings that document discussions and decisions for future reference.
Vouchers provide documentary evidence of transactions recorded in accounting books. Auditors examine vouchers to verify transactions are valid, authorized, and correctly recorded. The extent of vouching depends on the strength of the company's internal controls - stronger controls allow auditors to check a sample rather than all transactions. Vouching typically involves two people comparing details in books to supporting documents. Cut-off procedures ensure physical inventory and account balances agree by properly accounting for stock movements and sales/purchases around the reporting date.
The document provides definitions and descriptions of common business documents including notices, reports, memos, agendas, proposals, minutes, agreements, letters, press releases, and resumes. Notices include essential details about meetings such as time, place, date and agenda. Reports describe events and present factual information for interpretation, planning, and decision making. Memos are short internal communications. Agendas list topics for discussion at meetings. Proposals offer services or projects. Minutes record motions and resolutions from meetings. Agreements outline agreed upon terms. Letters communicate externally. Reports, letters, and agreements are examples of documents used to communicate and conduct business.
The document discusses different types of business communications including newsletters, reports, factsheets, press releases, and leaflets. It provides definitions and descriptions of each type of document, including their purpose, typical structure, and key elements. Guidelines are given for writing each type of document effectively, such as including an attention-grabbing headline, clear and concise paragraphs, and contact information.
Business Research Report | Presentation | Business Communication | Walli ButtWalliTech
Contents
1- What is Report?
2- Purpose
3- The report & the reader
4- Types of report
5- Writing Non-Routine Reports
6- A System for Report Writing
7- Report Format
Lesson 12 & 13 - Business Planning [Compatibility Mode].pdfAnthonyMatu1
The document provides an overview of what a business plan is and its key components and purposes. It defines a business plan as a document that demonstrates how a business will be profitable by selling products/services. It also serves as a management tool that defines the business goals and steps to achieve them. The document then discusses the various sections of a typical business plan including the executive summary, business description, marketing plan, management plan, operations plan, and financial projections. It emphasizes that a business plan is important for obtaining funding from investors and demonstrates that the entrepreneur has thoroughly planned and understands the business.
This document provides an overview of business correspondence topics including general writing principles, meeting procedures like agendas and minutes, and types of business letters and reports. It discusses key elements of effective business writing such as aligning with your audience's goals, tailoring tone to the context, using structure and formatting for clarity, maintaining consistency, and including a clear call to action. Sample templates are provided for a notice of meeting letter, agenda, and minutes. The document serves as a guide for various forms of professional communication used in business.
The document provides guidance on elements that should be included in a business plan such as describing the key people involved in the business, the opportunity and business model, risks and potential rewards. It also discusses sections that are typically included in a business plan like an executive summary, company overview, management team, products/services, financial projections, and funds requested. The business plan format generally involves an introductory section setting up what will be covered, main sections providing key details, and a conclusion summarizing what was presented.
Telephone fundraising is a cost-effective way for arts organizations to build personal relationships and raise funds from audiences. While it requires overcoming concerns about perceptions and financial costs, it can provide an excellent return on investment. To conduct an effective telephone fundraising campaign, an organization needs to choose the right agency, ensure their data is clean and segmented, draft an informative pre-call letter and script, and properly track and thank all donors post-campaign through effective fulfillment and stewardship. Overall, telephone fundraising has been successfully used by many arts organizations to raise operational funds and for capital campaigns when done properly.
Developing Your Case for Support: The Foundation For Your Fundraising SuccessBloomerang
https://bloomerang.co/resources/webinars/
How can you make your Case for Support powerful, provocative and successful? Robin L. Cabral, MA, CFRE, will highlight best practices in preparing and using your case for support.
1. The document discusses the structure and purpose of investigative reports. Investigative reports thoroughly investigate a topic like crimes or political corruption and document the findings.
2. Key aspects of investigative reports include an introduction with the purpose, location, personnel, and authorization for the investigation. The body discusses findings from observations, interviews, evidence and difficulties.
3. The conclusion states discoveries about causes and who is at fault. Recommendations suggest changes, training, or follow up needed.
This document provides guidance on writing letters of inquiry. It discusses the purpose of inquiry letters, which is to seek information from prospects or companies. It outlines the key components of an effective inquiry letter, which are:
1) Stating the reason for the inquiry
2) Explaining the specific information needed and its potential uses
3) Stating the expected course of action from the reader
It also notes that inquiry letters should be courteous, brief, complete, and direct. Finally, it identifies the typical parts of an inquiry letter as the orientation, information request, desired action, and expression of goodwill.
The document provides guidance on writing different types of reports. It discusses what a report is, why they are written, common parts and formats of reports. It also describes the different types of reports including informational reports, which present facts without analysis; analytical reports, which include analysis and recommendations; and routine reports, which are prepared regularly. Tips are provided for writing effective reports in both oral and written formats, as well as formal and informal styles.
This document provides information about various types of business communication, including written communication, business letters, memorandums, and business meetings. It discusses the key elements of business letters such as the letterhead, date, recipient's address, greeting, body, closing, enclosures, and other elements. It describes different types of business letters like application letters, letters of inquiry, sales letters, and transmittal letters. It also covers topics like writing memorandums, taking minutes during business meetings, skills for chairing meetings, and components of typical meetings like opening formalities, agenda, and closing. The document is a chapter on business communication that aims to outline best practices for written and in-person interactions in professional settings.
This document provides guidance on writing positive, negative, and persuasive messages as well as memorandums. It discusses the different types of messages and their purposes. For positive messages, it outlines how to structure them with an opening, details, and close. For negative messages, it emphasizes maintaining goodwill while delivering difficult news and provides tips for structuring negative messages in a three-part format. The document also covers what memorandums are, their purpose, typical structure, and formats for writing them. Overall, the document offers guidance on effectively communicating different types of messages both verbally and in writing within an organizational context.
This document provides information on memorandums, notices of meetings, agendas, and minutes of meetings. A memorandum is used for internal communications within an organization. A notice of meeting must state the name of the organization, date, time, venue, purpose, and agenda. An agenda lists the items to be discussed at a meeting and provides structure. Meeting minutes are an official record of the discussions and decisions that took place, including details of the organization, attendees, and resolutions.
This document provides guidance on writing good news and neutral messages for organizational communications. It discusses writing favorable replies such as answering inquiries, granting requests, and approving credits using a positive tone and providing useful information. Neutral messages like announcements and transmittals should objectively relay information. The document outlines an organizational plan for composing messages, including stating the main idea first, providing explanations and details, and ending on a positive note.
P2E_Skill building session - Organising events and campaignsShray Chugh
As a part of the P2E structured learning platform, we would like to engage the community members through online discussions on relevant topics.
Through this exercise we aim to equip our community members with the necessary knowledge to help them graduate to the organize stage.
The document discusses the importance of due diligence for entrepreneurs seeking investment. It outlines the due diligence process, including preparing critical documents, evaluating the management team and marketing plans, reviewing financials and revenue, and addressing yes/no questions. Deal breakers for investors include issues with ethics, IP, or unrealistic expectations. The document provides a detailed checklist of materials needed for due diligence and tips for entrepreneurs, such as anticipating the process, being open and honest, and responding quickly to investor requests.
The document provides an overview of marketing analytics, including defining marketing analytics, key elements and capabilities, impact, and getting started with analytics. Some key points:
- Marketing analytics is the process of identifying valid performance metrics, tracking them over time, and using the results to improve marketing. The goal is to measure progress toward objectives.
- Key elements include people, steps, tools/technology, inputs and outputs. Capabilities include understanding performance and reporting it externally.
- Impacts can include optimizing brand recognition, content, channels, customer understanding, and predictive intelligence.
- Getting started involves assessing readiness, reviewing objectives, and establishing metrics like website, social media, email, and digital advertising metrics.
This slide provides a quick overview of different aspects of marketing research. This ppt is expected to help researchers, faculties, and students to understand various aspects of Research and especially 'Marketing Research'.
Youtube link of the video in ppt: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mm0g8mVHffE&feature=youtu.be
This document discusses services and service marketing. It defines what a service is, noting that a service is intangible and does not result in ownership. It categorizes economic activities into primary, secondary, and tertiary, with services falling under tertiary activities. The characteristics of services include intangibility, inseparability, variability, and perishability. The growth of the service industry is attributed to increasing affluence, more leisure time, higher percentage of women in the workforce, greater life expectancy, and increasing complexity of products and life. The marketing mix for services includes product, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence, process, and service quality.
This document provides an overview of key marketing topics including fundamentals of marketing, the marketing mix, customer value, product life cycle, segmentation, targeting, positioning, branding, personal selling, and DAGMAR. It was prepared by Deep J. Gurung from CHRIST deemed to be University in Bengaluru, India and covers these concepts at a high level through definitions and brief explanations.
For marketers and marketing students the importance of understanding the behavior of consumer is very important. Understanding Consumer Behavior can be directly related to the profit/ promotion of any product or service.
This presentation is associated with a Lecture delivered to M.B.A students.
MARKETING RURAL TOURIST DESTINATIONS OF NORTH EAST INDIA: A practical approachDeep Gurung
(AS PRESENTED IN NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIVELIHOOD THROUGH RURAL TOURISM IN NORTH EAST INDIA, 6-7 January, 2018)
The location of North Eastern Region of India and the slow growth of Industrialization region have led to economic backwardness of the region. However, the popularity of rural tourism has brought hopes to the region. The cultural, historical, religious attractions of the rural destinations along with serene landscape and natural beauties make North Eastern rural destinations a special attraction for rural tourism. Although some initiatives have been taken at different levels to promote rural tourism, the results are not so promising so far. The presenter attempts to highlight the problems and issues in these
rural destinations the firsthand experiences of the author. The presenter suggests marketing mix for rural tourist destination of North East Region (India) for successful rural tourism in North East India
DOI10.13140/RG.2.2.36400.66560
The slide presentation starts with introduction to social media, types of social media, special reference to twitter is given, a short discussion on instagram, google plus and travel blogs is presented with examples
North-East India is one of the bio hot-spot of global scenario. The abundance of various flora and fauna resources has been widely used for traditional healing among the population of the region. In Morigaon district of Assam, there is a village called Mayong. Rural tourism is defined as tourism activities that take place in non-urban areas. Mayong village is originally famous as ‘land of black magic’. However, it is also known for its indigenous knowledge about various traditional treatments that can heal many ailments. The rising popularity of Ayurveda has drawn many followers towards the use of herbal remedies for better health. Health tourism is a popular genre of tourism where people travel to receive health treatment.
Influence of Wildlife Tourism on Handicraft sector of Kaziranga National ParkDeep Gurung
The presentation describes the influence of wildlife tourism on handicraft sector. With special reference to Kaziranga National Park the study shows the present scenario of handicraft sector near prominent tourist spots. It also provides propositions for sustainable tourism.
Max Weber Verstehen ( Intepretative Understanding)Deep Gurung
Max Weber (1864-1920) was a German sociologist who studied law, history, economics and philosophy. He is known for defining sociology as the interpretive understanding of social action and causality. Weber believed in using verstehen, or empathetic understanding, to comprehend human behavior and developed the concept of ideal types to categorize social phenomena. He is renowned for his analyses of bureaucracy and authority, distinguishing between rational-legal, traditional and charismatic forms of authority.
Arunachal Pradesh is rich in cultural diversity. These enormous resource can be used to promote Tourism in Arunachal Pradesh, which is a great revenue earning option for the state and the nation as a whole.
The document discusses marketing and market surveys. It defines marketing as communicating the value of a product or service to customers for the purpose of selling it. A market survey gathers information about existing or potential customers in a market to help organizations address problems related to customers, products, prices, promotion, and competition. Conducting a proper marketing survey involves defining objectives, selecting a sample, preparing questions, collecting and analyzing data, and preparing a report.
The North Eastern Region is lagging behind other states of India. A major boost can be provided by promoting entrepreneurship in North Eastern Region of India
Michael Porter is an American academic known for his influential work on competitive strategy and national competitiveness. He was born in 1947 and received his B.S.E. and MBA from Princeton University and Harvard Business School. Porter has authored several influential works on competitive strategy and developed models like the five forces framework and the diamond model. He has received numerous honors for his work, including awards from the Financial Analysts Federation and the National Association of Business Economists. While influential, Porter's work has also received some criticism from academics for inconsistent arguments and a lack of empirical support in some of his conclusions.
The document discusses the principles of Indian ethos in management. It outlines concepts like karma yoga, cooperation, humanizing organizations, and self-introspection as part of Indian management principles. It also discusses the importance of human values like truthfulness, integrity, and humility. Work is seen as a way to purify the mind and serve others without self-interest. Ethical behavior is emphasized in relationships between superiors, coworkers, subordinates, and trainees. Upholding human rights and maintaining proper conduct are seen as important.
Principles of Scientific Management (F.W. Taylor)Deep Gurung
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Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Office documents
1. Deep J. Gurung
Assistant Professor
Department of Commerce
CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Main Campus, Bengaluru (INDIA)
Official
Documents
2. NOTICE
• It is written in order to inform a large number of people
about something that has happened or is about to happen.
• It could be an upcoming event, competition, Lost and
found notice or just a piece of information to be delivered
to the targeted audience.
• It is generally written in a formal tone. Notices are factual
and to-the-point.
• The language used is simple and formal, not flowery.
3. NOTICE FORMAT
• Must be on organization’s letterhead
• Name of the body/group which is to meet
• Day, Date & time of the meeting
• Place of the meeting
• Brief description about the reasons for the meeting
• AGENDA may or may not be enclosed
• Title/Subject of the Event (what?)
• BODY
• Authorized signatory: Name and signature (contact details)
4.
5. TIPS
• Avoid unnecessary words
• Repetition of any information should be avoided.
• Always enclose the notice in a box. Make sure you draw the box
with a pencil.
• Keep your notice short, crisp and to-the-point.
• Highlight the word “NOTICE” and “TITLE”. It can be either bold
or underlined.
• The title should be captivating and eye-catching.
• Don’t make hypothetical information and facts. Make use of what’s
give in the question.
• Make sure you do not mention your personal information.
• Make use of all the available information in the question.
• Your answer shall include answers to all the 5 W’s – What, Why,
When, Where and Who.
• The purpose for which it is being written should be stated clearly.
• Focus on presentation and clarity.
6. AGENDA
• List of items to be discussed at the meeting.
• Agenda include:
• Title of the agenda
• Objective of the meeting
• Topics or activities to be addressed in the meeting
• Time allocation
• Call to Action
• Extra instructions (if any)
7. MINUTES
• A record of the decisions taken at a formal meeting is
called Minutes. Also known as Meeting Minutes or
Minutes of Meeting (mom)
• Format
8. • Date and time of the meeting
• Names of the meeting participants and those unable to
attend (e.g., “regrets”)
• Acceptance or corrections/amendments to previous
meeting minutes
• Decisions made about each agenda item, for example:
• Actions taken or agreed to be taken
• Next steps
• Voting outcomes – e.g., (if necessary, details regarding
who made motions; who seconded and approved or via
show of hands, etc.)
• Motions taken or rejected
• Items to be held over
• New business
• Next meeting date and time
9. TIPS
• Create an outline
• Check-off attendees as they enter the room
• Record decisions or notes on action items
• Ask for clarification if necessary
• Don’t try to capture it all
10. MEMO
• A memo (also known as a memorandum, or "reminder")
is used for internal communications regarding procedures
or official business within an organization.
• Send to a large group of employees, like your entire
department or everyone at the company.
12. • Office Order: - issued by competent authority. Office
order contains instructions related to office works, change
of working hours, instruction on closed holidays, message
by senior authorities when they take over some
organisation, promotions etc. Office orders are issued
periodically like every Monday or on every 1st of month
etc. The sequence of the information is pre-decided.
• Circular: - An advertisement (usually printed on a page or
in a leaflet) intended for wide distribution. It need not be
issued by competent authority but generally it is issued by
officers or managers. Circulars are for specific purpose or
event like meeting, or any other event.
• Notice: - A sign posted in a public place as an
advertisement. When Govt authorities issue some
communication, it is also called as notice e.g. notice by
labour officer.
14. • A house organ is a magazine or periodical published by a
company for its customers or its employees. This name
derives from the use of "organ" as referring to a
periodical for a special interest group.
• A house organ is what we otherwise might call
a company magazine or newspaper. Its purpose is to
officially update stakeholders about all company news.
It serves to prevent stakeholders from learning things first
from unofficial sources and, above all, at least in the pre-
digital age, to promote the company’s values and
culture.
15. • House organs come in two types, internal and external.
• An internal house organ is meant for consumption by the
employees of the company as a channel of
communication for the management.
• An external house organ is meant for consumption by the
customers of the company, and may be either a free
regular newsletter, or an actual commercial product in its
own right.
16. Importance
• A house organ is a great tool for informing people about
performance, technological innovations, new products
and services, as well as company events for employees or
everything related to the firm’s supply chain, retailers and
distributors.
• It’s vital for providing information continuity and for
updating company communication.
• Tool for promoting corporate culture, where this exists
and is well-established.
• A house organ can be an effective tool for explaining
how the company works, behaves and positions itself
in relation to the community, as well as how the
company brings its values to the community.
18. • a brief official statement about a matter of public concern
• a brief statement of the latest news, as in a newspaper or
on radio or TV
• a regular publication, as for the members of some society
• a board for posting notices
• brief public notice issuing usually from an authoritative
source
• a public electronic forum that allows users to post or read
messages
• a short report with news and information about
a group or organization, printed for its members
20. Basic Parts of Enquiry
Letter
• Introductory Opening
• Direct Questions
• Friendly Conclusion
Sample1
Sample 2
21. Points included in the
letters are:
1. Courteous request for information, giving its purpose
2. Statement of what is wanted (or a list of questions)
3. Request that the information may be given by a certain
date
23. • Reply letter must be a sales letter in disguise
• Persuasive skill
• Good judgment
• Present the facts
• Send a brochure, catalogue, price-list or samples
• Offer to send salesperson
26. • Address the enquiry to an individual rather than to a
company
• Be Tactful
• Sample1
• Sample2
27. STATUS ENQUIRY LETTER
• The letter that is written for obtaining information about a
business enterprise is termed as business status inquiry
letter.
• Generally, one business enterprise writes this letter to
another business enterprise for collecting information
about a prospective customer/applicant.
28. Purposes
• To know payment terms
• To know the past records of job applicant
• To know the credit worthiness of a firm or a person
• To get recommendation from former employer
• To know the financial strength of a firm or a person
• To know the business reputation of a firm
• To obtain information about social status of a person or a firm
• To evaluate the performance of a person or a firm
• To learn about the quality of a product
29. Components of Status
inquiry Letter
• 1. Applicant’s Name and Address: The person
regarding whose information to be asked should be
clearly mentioned with his name and address. As a
result, there will be no confusion and this will clearly
identify the right person.
• 2. Causes of Inquiry: The reason behind the inquiry
should also be mentioned in the letter so that
information provider me, him, etc. i, e, the referee can
reasonably answer the letter.
30. • Necessary information: The information, which is
necessary, should be asked with a polite and definite
appeal.
• 4. Neutrality: The referee must remain neutral while
providing the confidential information regarding the
applicant. Such a tone should be communicated through
status inquiry letter.
• 5. Promise for information secrecy: They must be
promised that whatever information would be provided
by the referee will be kept secret by the sender
(employer).
31. • 6. Similar future assurance for help: If the referee
needs any similar help in the future, he will be
entertained and such assurance should be specified in
the letter.
• 7. Return Envelope with stamp: For the benefit of
the referee, return envelope with stamp must be
attached with such a letter. This will help the referee to
bear no cost to assist the person who has asked for
information.
• 8. Signature and Designation: The person is asking
for information should sign the status inquiry letter
with his respective designation at the end.
33. NO means NO
ART OF REFUSING
• Appreciation of interest shown by inquirer
• Apology and reason for inability to give information
• Suggestion of other source of information, if possible
• Sample
35. POINTS
• Explain details of your requirements
• Ask for a representative to visit you
• Ask for a demonstration to be arranged
• Details of requirements with quality and quantity of
goods.
• Place and time of delivery of goods required, carriage
paid or carriage forward. Any special request about mode
of delivery or packing
• Suggestion that the volume of business will be large if the
quotation is favourable
38. Points
• Market conditions are normal, the usual quotation
is given.
• Customer seems likely to place a large order, an
exceptional quotation may be given.
• A tabulated quotation may be enclosed with a
letter.
• Point out the advantages of the quotation and the
benefit of buying the goods.
• Sample
39. Firm Offer
• A firm offer is made when the price of a product is
expected to rise
• Supplies are short of the demand
• The letter states the reason for making the offer
• Date up to which it is firm
• A firm offer is a moral obligation but not a legal
obligation.
• Builds goodwill with important customers.
• Sample
41. Points
• If the requested goods are not available, try to get the
customer interested in a substitute.
• The substitute you offer must satisfy the purpose and
need of the customer.
• It must be the nearest in quality and price; if it differs,
explain why.
• A substitute must be offered with confidence.
• Explain briefly why you cannot supply the product
43. Withholding quotation
• If a particular customer repeatedly asks for quotations for
the purpose of comparing with other quotations and does
not place any orders, you may avoid giving a quotation.
• Write a tactful letter saying that the market is uncertain
and you can quote only for a definite contract, or make a
firm offer for a very short period.
• Sample
44. Bargaining Letters
• If your order is likely to be large, you can point this out to
persuade the seller to give better terms.
• You may also indicate that other suppliers are willing to give
more favourable terms.
• Expression of thanks for the quotation.
• Specific request for more favourable terms and attempt to
show that the supplier will benefit if he gives the requested
terms.
• Suggestion that large/frequent orders will be placed if the
request is granted.
• Sample
45. Seller’s Reply
• Agreeing too readily to reduce your price may give the
impression that the originally offered terms were not fair,
or that the sales are so poor that you are eager to get an
order at any price.
• If you agree to the request, explain how it is possible to
reduce the price.
48. • Statement that the customer's communication
has been missed (never mention "records") for
some time
• Tactful enquiry about why s/he has been silent
• Information about new product or special offer
• Request for order; assurance that satisfaction
will be ensured
• sample