Objectives and specifications are used to define the desired learning outcomes for students. Objectives are specific, measurable behaviors that indicate the knowledge, skills, or attitudes to be gained by students. Objectives originate from broader aims and are tailored to individual subjects. Specifications provide a clear statement of what students are expected to be able to do, know, and value by the end of a lesson. Verbs are used in specifications to define observable behaviors within cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains. Examples of specifications for different subjects are provided using domain-specific verbs.

1. Objectives
and
Specifications
Dr Nafisa Shaikh

2. Objectives

3. Objectives

4. What are Objectives?

5. Objectives
Objectives are specific,
measurable, short-term,
observable student behaviors.
They indicate the desirable
knowledge, skills, or attitudes to
be gained.

6. Objectives
Objective is a milestone in that
direction. An objective is a point
showing the end view of possible
achievement in that direction.
Objectives are confined to the
class room.
Objectives may be changed from
subject to subject. Objectives of
teaching Science will greatly
differ from the objectives of
Social Science.

7. Objectives
School programme is
responsible for the
fulfillment of
objectives.
Objectives originate
from aims.
Objectives being
specific and more
meaningful in day-to-day
activities.
Psychology is the source
of objectives.

8. Objectives on the basis of Domains

9. Objectives
Interest
Skill
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Cognitive Domain
Psychomotor Domain
Affective Domain

10. Remembering Objectives
Remembering Objectives involves
the recall of specifics and
universals, the recall of methods
and processes, or the recall of a
pattern, structure, or setting.

11. Understanding Objectives
Understanding Objectives
refers to a type of
understanding such that the
individual knows what is being
communicated.

12. Applying Objectives
Applying Objective refers to the
use of abstractions in particular and
concrete situations.
Student selects, transfers and uses
data and principles to complete a
problem with a minimum of direction.

13. Skill Objectives
Skills objective describes the
ability of the students to
physically manipulate a tool or
instrument or develop appropriate
skill related to the subject.

14. Interest/Attitude Objectives
Objectives are designed
to change an individual's
attitude, choices, and
relationships.

15. Specification

16. Specification
Specification is a clear statement of
what a learner is expected to be able
to do, know about and/or value at the
completion of a unit of study, and how
well they should be expected to
achieve those outcomes.

17. Criteria for writing Specifications
Explains
Draws
Recalls
Demonstrates
Interprets
Action Verbs

18. Verbs used in Specifications
Domains Objectives Specifications (verbs used)
Cognitive Remembering Recall, recognize, define, states, names
Understanding Explains, differentiates, answers, cites
example, sees relationship
Application Reasons, justifies, solves, predicts,
suggest.
Psychomotor Skill Draws accurately, reads correctly,
speaks fluently, labels correctly,
demonstrates
Affective Interest/Attitud
e
Develops positive attitude towards,
creates awareness, shows interest in

19. English – Be a Good Listener
● Pupil recalls characteristic of good listener
● Pupil frames sentences based on the new
vocabulary
● Pupil enlists the traits of a good and a bad
listener
● Pupil answers correctly to the listening activity

20. Specifications : Math - Fraction
● Pupil recognizes equivalent fractions.
● Pupil differentiates between equivalent and non
equivalent fraction.
● Pupil solves word problem related to addition of
fractions
● Pupil draws correctly the fractions in shaded form

21. Specification: Science – Methods of Preserving
Food
● Pupil states the methods of preserving food.
● Pupil differentiates between boiling and drying method of
preserving food
● Pupil justifies the method of preserving food for specific
food items
● Pupil suggest method of preserving food for new examples.

22. Specification: History – Stone tools
● Pupil recognizes different stone tools
● Pupil explains different stone tools
● Pupil suggest the use of each stone tool
correctly
● Pupil describes and draws each stone tool