This document discusses pervasive computing applications and their associated security issues and challenges. It begins with an abstract that defines pervasive computing as technologies that exist everywhere and provide services anywhere, anytime through small portable devices. It then covers characteristics of pervasive computing like mobility and context awareness. Several examples of pervasive computing applications are described, such as smart homes, healthcare, and assisted living technologies. The document concludes by discussing some key security issues for pervasive computing, including authentication, privacy, malware defenses, and physical security of devices.
Pervasive Computing Applications And Its Security Issues & Challengesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The document discusses pervasive computing, which refers to microprocessors being embedded everywhere and computing being available anywhere. It is enabled by technologies like mobile internet access, wireless communication, and Bluetooth. Pervasive computing allows access from any device, on any network, with any data. It aims to spread intelligence and connectivity to more or less everything, from ships and aircrafts to coffee mugs and the human body. Some principles of pervasive computing include anytime/anywhere access, physical integration between computing nodes and the physical world, and instantaneous interoperation between devices. Examples of applications include smart clothing, interactive flexible posters, and pill cameras.
Pervasive Computing - Let us Pervade our FutureKarthikeyan V
Pervasive Computing or Ubiquitous computing is one of the latest trends in computing. Get to know the principles, mechanism and the possible applications of pervasive computing. Come, let us pervade our future.
1. Context-aware computing uses information about a user's environment and situation to provide tailored services, with the goal of delivering the right service at the right moment.
2. Context includes information such as location, identity, activity, schedule, nearby resources and more. It comes from various sources and changes over time.
3. Designing context-aware applications and systems requires acquiring context information, reasoning about it, and using it intelligently to benefit users or services while maintaining user privacy and control. Many technical and research challenges remain open.
The evolution of pervasive computing towards a Web of ThingsAndreas Kamilaris
This presentation observes and describes the evolution of pervasive computing towards a global, real-time digital web of physical objects and everyday things. Applications in real life are presented, together with future challenges and projections.
Pervasive computing refers to technology becoming embedded in everyday devices and having constant connectivity. It involves computers becoming smaller and more powerful, allowing chips and software to be embedded in many objects from clothing to homes. The goal is to create a constantly connected environment where devices seamlessly interact without obstructing the user. Examples include smartphones, which are mobile phones with operating systems and apps, and personal digital assistants (PDAs), which are handheld computers that can also function as mobile phones, web browsers and media players by connecting to wireless networks.
Pervasive computing involves embedding microprocessors everywhere to enable computing capabilities anywhere. It aims to make computing available wherever needed by spreading intelligence and connectivity. Pervasive computing evolved from distributed and mobile computing through technologies like smart spaces, invisibility, and local scalability. It is characterized by physical integration between computing nodes and the world, and devices spontaneously interoperating as environments change. Examples of pervasive computing applications include intelligent cars that sense conditions and adaptive displays. While pervasive computing creates an anytime, anywhere experience across any device or network, it also faces challenges regarding devices, software, users, and interfaces. Pervasive computing is considered the next phase of computer science.
Pervasive computing involves embedding tiny microprocessors in everyday objects to enable wireless communication between devices and people. It allows devices to autonomously connect and share information. The layers of pervasive networking include the network layer, access layer, device layer, human-machine interaction layer, and human core layer. A tele-home healthcare system uses these principles to monitor patients' health and alert hospitals and contacts if emergencies occur. While pervasive computing provides convenient access to information, privacy and security are major challenges.
Pervasive Computing Applications And Its Security Issues & Challengesiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The document discusses pervasive computing, which refers to microprocessors being embedded everywhere and computing being available anywhere. It is enabled by technologies like mobile internet access, wireless communication, and Bluetooth. Pervasive computing allows access from any device, on any network, with any data. It aims to spread intelligence and connectivity to more or less everything, from ships and aircrafts to coffee mugs and the human body. Some principles of pervasive computing include anytime/anywhere access, physical integration between computing nodes and the physical world, and instantaneous interoperation between devices. Examples of applications include smart clothing, interactive flexible posters, and pill cameras.
Pervasive Computing - Let us Pervade our FutureKarthikeyan V
Pervasive Computing or Ubiquitous computing is one of the latest trends in computing. Get to know the principles, mechanism and the possible applications of pervasive computing. Come, let us pervade our future.
1. Context-aware computing uses information about a user's environment and situation to provide tailored services, with the goal of delivering the right service at the right moment.
2. Context includes information such as location, identity, activity, schedule, nearby resources and more. It comes from various sources and changes over time.
3. Designing context-aware applications and systems requires acquiring context information, reasoning about it, and using it intelligently to benefit users or services while maintaining user privacy and control. Many technical and research challenges remain open.
The evolution of pervasive computing towards a Web of ThingsAndreas Kamilaris
This presentation observes and describes the evolution of pervasive computing towards a global, real-time digital web of physical objects and everyday things. Applications in real life are presented, together with future challenges and projections.
Pervasive computing refers to technology becoming embedded in everyday devices and having constant connectivity. It involves computers becoming smaller and more powerful, allowing chips and software to be embedded in many objects from clothing to homes. The goal is to create a constantly connected environment where devices seamlessly interact without obstructing the user. Examples include smartphones, which are mobile phones with operating systems and apps, and personal digital assistants (PDAs), which are handheld computers that can also function as mobile phones, web browsers and media players by connecting to wireless networks.
Pervasive computing involves embedding microprocessors everywhere to enable computing capabilities anywhere. It aims to make computing available wherever needed by spreading intelligence and connectivity. Pervasive computing evolved from distributed and mobile computing through technologies like smart spaces, invisibility, and local scalability. It is characterized by physical integration between computing nodes and the world, and devices spontaneously interoperating as environments change. Examples of pervasive computing applications include intelligent cars that sense conditions and adaptive displays. While pervasive computing creates an anytime, anywhere experience across any device or network, it also faces challenges regarding devices, software, users, and interfaces. Pervasive computing is considered the next phase of computer science.
Pervasive computing involves embedding tiny microprocessors in everyday objects to enable wireless communication between devices and people. It allows devices to autonomously connect and share information. The layers of pervasive networking include the network layer, access layer, device layer, human-machine interaction layer, and human core layer. A tele-home healthcare system uses these principles to monitor patients' health and alert hospitals and contacts if emergencies occur. While pervasive computing provides convenient access to information, privacy and security are major challenges.
This document discusses pervasive computing in healthcare. It defines pervasive computing as computing that is available everywhere through tiny microprocessors embedded in everyday objects. In healthcare, pervasive computing involves continuous health monitoring using biosensors, smart home technologies, and networks. This allows for more proactive healthcare by providing doctors with more health data. Examples of pervasive computing in healthcare include biosensors that detect infectious diseases and personal digital assistants used by doctors for portability, easy access to data, and low costs.
1. The document discusses the concept of a ubiquitous home, also known as a smart home, which uses sensors and devices connected through a network to automate appliances and monitor the home environment.
2. It outlines several challenges in designing a ubiquitous home including ease of use, reliability, handling ambiguity, and adapting to changing contexts and tasks.
3. The proposed architecture connects devices through an internal network to a centralized controlling system. Sensors would monitor various aspects of the environment, security, health, and home appliances.
From Non-Intelligent to Intelligent Environments: a Computational and Ambient...Ahmad Lotfi
Ambient Intelligence refers to a digital environment that proactively supports people in their daily lives. It is an emerging discipline that brings intelligence to our living environments, makes those environments sensitive to us, and adapting according to the user’s needs. By enriching an environment with appropriate sensors and interconnected devices, the environment would be able to sense changes and support decisions that benefit the users of that environment. Such smart environments could help to reduce energy consumption and thus the cost of facilities, improve safety and security, while at the same time increase user’s comfort.
One specific area of interest is the application of ambient intelligence in Ambient Assisted Living, where the home environment provides assistance with daily living activities for people with different cognitive and physical disabilities. For example, technologies are available to help older adults to live longer and more independently in their own homes. To enhance the intelligence of the environment, Computational Intelligence techniques as a set of nature-inspired computational methodologies are available to address such complex problems for which traditional approaches are ineffective.
This lecture will provide a review of the technologies and environments that comprise Ambient Intelligence, as well as how changes in the environment are reflected in the overall design of an adaptive ambient intelligence environment.
The document provides an overview of ubiquitous computing (ubicomp). It discusses key concepts like ubicomp being computing that is integrated into everyday objects and environments. The document outlines some of the underlying technologies that enable ubicomp like sensors, networks, and context-aware computing. It also discusses Weiser's vision of calm and invisible computing and describes example application scenarios for personal memories, transportation, food management, and utilities. Finally, it introduces concepts like smart devices, environments, and interactions as architectural patterns for ubicomp systems.
Security and Privacy Consideration for Internet of Things in Smart Home Envir...IJERD Editor
Internet Of Things(IOT) has emerged as a trustworthy technology to improve the quality of life in
smart homes through offering various automated, interactive and comfortable services. Sensors integrated at
different places in homes, offices, and even in clothes, equipment, and utilities are used to sense and monitor
owners’ positions, movements, required signs, valuable usage, temperature and humidity levels of rooms, etc.
Along with sensing and monitoring capabilities, sensors cooperate and communicate with themselves to deliver;
share and process sensed information and help real-time decision making procedures through activate suitable
alerts and actions. However, ensuring privacy and providing enough security in these required services provided
by IOTs is a major issue in smart home environments. In this paper, we examine the privacy and security
challenges of IOTs and survey its possibilities for smart home environments. We discuss the unique
characteristics that differentiate a smart environment from the rest, elaborate on security and privacy issues and
their respective solution measures. A number of challenges and interesting research issues appearing from this
study have been reported for further analysis.
Slides by Raquel Salcedo Gomes
For the English for Specific Purposes class at the IT technical course at IFSUL, campus Sapucaia do Sul. September 2017.
This document outlines an agenda for a presentation on ubiquitous computing and context-aware computing systems. The presentation will cover ubiquitous computing concepts like devices, research areas, and great moments in the field's history. It will then discuss context-aware computing systems, including definitions of context, real-world usage scenarios, and interest from industry and academia. Sensors that enable context awareness will also be discussed. The presentation will conclude with a Q&A section.
The document discusses five key properties of ubiquitous computing systems: distributed, implicit human-computer interaction (HCI), context-aware, autonomous, and intelligent. It provides details on each property: distributed systems use networked devices and communication networks; implicit HCI relies on interpreting user actions rather than explicit commands; context-aware systems tailor services based on physical environment, user, and system context; autonomous systems can independently control actions to achieve goals with less user interaction; and intelligent systems can model their environment and users to act proactively and handle uncertainty.
The document discusses issues and challenges in ubiquitous computing including security, privacy, and trust. It proposes several solutions to these problems such as sandboxing, certification, proof carrying code, direct code analysis, and biometrics. The future of ubiquitous computing is envisioned as integrating computing technology everywhere for everyone at all times through pervasive networks and devices.
The document discusses wireless sensor networks and ambient intelligence. It begins by providing context on ambient intelligence, describing it as smart electronic environments that are sensitive and responsive to people. It then discusses key challenges for ambient intelligence, including social and political concerns about privacy and trust. Finally, it outlines several technological areas important for ambient intelligence, such as ubiquitous computing, and emphasizes the importance of putting users at the center of system design.
Pervasive computing also known as Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) is a concept in software engineering and computer science where computing is made to appear everywhere and anywhere. Eg:laptop computers, tablets and terminals in everyday objects such as a fridge or a pair of glasses.
•It is also termed as ambient intelligence, Ubiquitous computing ,everyware,physical computing, the Internet of Things, haptic computing, and 'things that think’.
Ubiquitous computing aims to embed computers into everyday objects to make them invisible. It was envisioned by Mark Weiser as computers spreading into everything around us. Key aspects are devices interacting and coordinating without needing direct human interaction. Challenges include retrofitting environments for ubiquitous computing and ensuring impromptu interoperability and privacy between connected devices.
This document discusses pervasive computing, which refers to embedding microprocessors into everyday objects to make computing available anywhere. It defines pervasive computing, describes its architecture and principles, compares it to ubiquitous computing, and discusses related fields, applications, benefits, limitations, and future directions. Pervasive computing aims to spread intelligence and connectivity through mobile devices, sensors, and other embedded technologies. It will continue affecting more people as networking allows intelligent objects to communicate and share information.
Ambient intelligence (AmI) refers to digital environments that are sensitive and responsive to human presence. AmI is based on ubiquitous computing, communication, and intelligent user interfaces. It aims to empower users through context-aware and adaptive technologies. Key challenges include privacy and security as AmI systems collect extensive user data and monitor environments. Potential applications include smart homes, healthcare, transportation, education, emergency response, and industry.
Roy Campbell discusses his research on pervasive and ubiquitous computing through his work on Active Spaces and the Gaia project. The key goals are to seamlessly augment human activities through networked computing devices that are integrated into physical environments. This allows for applications that are aware of users' locations and can customize interfaces. However, ensuring privacy, security, and that systems are used for good purposes will be ongoing challenges as ubiquitous computing becomes more common.
Ubiquitous computing aims to enhance computer use by integrating many computers throughout the environment. It discusses the history and evolution of ubiquitous computing from constraints to prototyping. Key challenges include developing transparent interfaces, capturing context awareness, and facilitating automated capture of experiences. Issues involve toolkit design, software structuring, component integration, scalability, adaptability, privacy and security as more devices are connected. The vision for 2020 is that computers will be everywhere in daily objects and integrated into fabrics of life, facilitating an invisible intelligent network.
The document summarizes Project Oxygen, which aims to create pervasive, human-centered computing. It discusses Oxygen's integrated technologies, including stationary and handheld devices (E21s and H21s) that provide universal computation and communication. Dynamic networks (N21s) connect these devices and support resource discovery, security, and adaptation. Oxygen's software architecture uses abstraction, specification, and persistent storage to support modular and adaptable components that can achieve users' goals by configuring available services.
The document summarizes a session on context aware services from an IBBT Brokerage Event. The session chair was Piet Demeester and objectives included identifying research topics and interested parties. Topics discussed included the concept of context aware services, market potential, challenges, and requirements. Major challenges identified were accurate indoor positioning, different sensor types, communication between devices, and representing context information standardized. The session identified several interested parties and concluded that context detection infrastructure, context aware devices, service architectures, and addressing security, user requirements, and business models were important areas.
This document describes the design and fabrication of a downdraft gasifier to be used with an internal combustion (I.C.) engine. The gasifier is designed to run on rice husk and wood pellets as biomass fuels. It will convert the biomass into syngas through pyrolysis and partial oxidation in the gasifier. The syngas can then be used to run a 4KW I.C. engine. The document outlines the design process including calculations of throughput requirements and component sizing. Details of material selection, fabrication, and planned experimentation are also provided. The gasifier is expected to reduce fuel consumption and provide a sustainable energy alternative while producing low-tar syngas suitable for the
This document discusses research on using section PI control for a high frequency full-bridge DC-DC converter to regulate the output voltage of an electrochemical DC power supply. It analyzes the circuit structure of a multilevel buck-boost converter and proposes using a high frequency bipolar PWM control strategy with voltage feedback loop control. The control range is divided into multiple sections, each with its own PI parameters. MATLAB simulations show this section PI control method improves the output voltage range and reduces ripple compared to traditional PI control and lower frequency PWM control.
This document discusses pervasive computing in healthcare. It defines pervasive computing as computing that is available everywhere through tiny microprocessors embedded in everyday objects. In healthcare, pervasive computing involves continuous health monitoring using biosensors, smart home technologies, and networks. This allows for more proactive healthcare by providing doctors with more health data. Examples of pervasive computing in healthcare include biosensors that detect infectious diseases and personal digital assistants used by doctors for portability, easy access to data, and low costs.
1. The document discusses the concept of a ubiquitous home, also known as a smart home, which uses sensors and devices connected through a network to automate appliances and monitor the home environment.
2. It outlines several challenges in designing a ubiquitous home including ease of use, reliability, handling ambiguity, and adapting to changing contexts and tasks.
3. The proposed architecture connects devices through an internal network to a centralized controlling system. Sensors would monitor various aspects of the environment, security, health, and home appliances.
From Non-Intelligent to Intelligent Environments: a Computational and Ambient...Ahmad Lotfi
Ambient Intelligence refers to a digital environment that proactively supports people in their daily lives. It is an emerging discipline that brings intelligence to our living environments, makes those environments sensitive to us, and adapting according to the user’s needs. By enriching an environment with appropriate sensors and interconnected devices, the environment would be able to sense changes and support decisions that benefit the users of that environment. Such smart environments could help to reduce energy consumption and thus the cost of facilities, improve safety and security, while at the same time increase user’s comfort.
One specific area of interest is the application of ambient intelligence in Ambient Assisted Living, where the home environment provides assistance with daily living activities for people with different cognitive and physical disabilities. For example, technologies are available to help older adults to live longer and more independently in their own homes. To enhance the intelligence of the environment, Computational Intelligence techniques as a set of nature-inspired computational methodologies are available to address such complex problems for which traditional approaches are ineffective.
This lecture will provide a review of the technologies and environments that comprise Ambient Intelligence, as well as how changes in the environment are reflected in the overall design of an adaptive ambient intelligence environment.
The document provides an overview of ubiquitous computing (ubicomp). It discusses key concepts like ubicomp being computing that is integrated into everyday objects and environments. The document outlines some of the underlying technologies that enable ubicomp like sensors, networks, and context-aware computing. It also discusses Weiser's vision of calm and invisible computing and describes example application scenarios for personal memories, transportation, food management, and utilities. Finally, it introduces concepts like smart devices, environments, and interactions as architectural patterns for ubicomp systems.
Security and Privacy Consideration for Internet of Things in Smart Home Envir...IJERD Editor
Internet Of Things(IOT) has emerged as a trustworthy technology to improve the quality of life in
smart homes through offering various automated, interactive and comfortable services. Sensors integrated at
different places in homes, offices, and even in clothes, equipment, and utilities are used to sense and monitor
owners’ positions, movements, required signs, valuable usage, temperature and humidity levels of rooms, etc.
Along with sensing and monitoring capabilities, sensors cooperate and communicate with themselves to deliver;
share and process sensed information and help real-time decision making procedures through activate suitable
alerts and actions. However, ensuring privacy and providing enough security in these required services provided
by IOTs is a major issue in smart home environments. In this paper, we examine the privacy and security
challenges of IOTs and survey its possibilities for smart home environments. We discuss the unique
characteristics that differentiate a smart environment from the rest, elaborate on security and privacy issues and
their respective solution measures. A number of challenges and interesting research issues appearing from this
study have been reported for further analysis.
Slides by Raquel Salcedo Gomes
For the English for Specific Purposes class at the IT technical course at IFSUL, campus Sapucaia do Sul. September 2017.
This document outlines an agenda for a presentation on ubiquitous computing and context-aware computing systems. The presentation will cover ubiquitous computing concepts like devices, research areas, and great moments in the field's history. It will then discuss context-aware computing systems, including definitions of context, real-world usage scenarios, and interest from industry and academia. Sensors that enable context awareness will also be discussed. The presentation will conclude with a Q&A section.
The document discusses five key properties of ubiquitous computing systems: distributed, implicit human-computer interaction (HCI), context-aware, autonomous, and intelligent. It provides details on each property: distributed systems use networked devices and communication networks; implicit HCI relies on interpreting user actions rather than explicit commands; context-aware systems tailor services based on physical environment, user, and system context; autonomous systems can independently control actions to achieve goals with less user interaction; and intelligent systems can model their environment and users to act proactively and handle uncertainty.
The document discusses issues and challenges in ubiquitous computing including security, privacy, and trust. It proposes several solutions to these problems such as sandboxing, certification, proof carrying code, direct code analysis, and biometrics. The future of ubiquitous computing is envisioned as integrating computing technology everywhere for everyone at all times through pervasive networks and devices.
The document discusses wireless sensor networks and ambient intelligence. It begins by providing context on ambient intelligence, describing it as smart electronic environments that are sensitive and responsive to people. It then discusses key challenges for ambient intelligence, including social and political concerns about privacy and trust. Finally, it outlines several technological areas important for ambient intelligence, such as ubiquitous computing, and emphasizes the importance of putting users at the center of system design.
Pervasive computing also known as Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) is a concept in software engineering and computer science where computing is made to appear everywhere and anywhere. Eg:laptop computers, tablets and terminals in everyday objects such as a fridge or a pair of glasses.
•It is also termed as ambient intelligence, Ubiquitous computing ,everyware,physical computing, the Internet of Things, haptic computing, and 'things that think’.
Ubiquitous computing aims to embed computers into everyday objects to make them invisible. It was envisioned by Mark Weiser as computers spreading into everything around us. Key aspects are devices interacting and coordinating without needing direct human interaction. Challenges include retrofitting environments for ubiquitous computing and ensuring impromptu interoperability and privacy between connected devices.
This document discusses pervasive computing, which refers to embedding microprocessors into everyday objects to make computing available anywhere. It defines pervasive computing, describes its architecture and principles, compares it to ubiquitous computing, and discusses related fields, applications, benefits, limitations, and future directions. Pervasive computing aims to spread intelligence and connectivity through mobile devices, sensors, and other embedded technologies. It will continue affecting more people as networking allows intelligent objects to communicate and share information.
Ambient intelligence (AmI) refers to digital environments that are sensitive and responsive to human presence. AmI is based on ubiquitous computing, communication, and intelligent user interfaces. It aims to empower users through context-aware and adaptive technologies. Key challenges include privacy and security as AmI systems collect extensive user data and monitor environments. Potential applications include smart homes, healthcare, transportation, education, emergency response, and industry.
Roy Campbell discusses his research on pervasive and ubiquitous computing through his work on Active Spaces and the Gaia project. The key goals are to seamlessly augment human activities through networked computing devices that are integrated into physical environments. This allows for applications that are aware of users' locations and can customize interfaces. However, ensuring privacy, security, and that systems are used for good purposes will be ongoing challenges as ubiquitous computing becomes more common.
Ubiquitous computing aims to enhance computer use by integrating many computers throughout the environment. It discusses the history and evolution of ubiquitous computing from constraints to prototyping. Key challenges include developing transparent interfaces, capturing context awareness, and facilitating automated capture of experiences. Issues involve toolkit design, software structuring, component integration, scalability, adaptability, privacy and security as more devices are connected. The vision for 2020 is that computers will be everywhere in daily objects and integrated into fabrics of life, facilitating an invisible intelligent network.
The document summarizes Project Oxygen, which aims to create pervasive, human-centered computing. It discusses Oxygen's integrated technologies, including stationary and handheld devices (E21s and H21s) that provide universal computation and communication. Dynamic networks (N21s) connect these devices and support resource discovery, security, and adaptation. Oxygen's software architecture uses abstraction, specification, and persistent storage to support modular and adaptable components that can achieve users' goals by configuring available services.
The document summarizes a session on context aware services from an IBBT Brokerage Event. The session chair was Piet Demeester and objectives included identifying research topics and interested parties. Topics discussed included the concept of context aware services, market potential, challenges, and requirements. Major challenges identified were accurate indoor positioning, different sensor types, communication between devices, and representing context information standardized. The session identified several interested parties and concluded that context detection infrastructure, context aware devices, service architectures, and addressing security, user requirements, and business models were important areas.
This document describes the design and fabrication of a downdraft gasifier to be used with an internal combustion (I.C.) engine. The gasifier is designed to run on rice husk and wood pellets as biomass fuels. It will convert the biomass into syngas through pyrolysis and partial oxidation in the gasifier. The syngas can then be used to run a 4KW I.C. engine. The document outlines the design process including calculations of throughput requirements and component sizing. Details of material selection, fabrication, and planned experimentation are also provided. The gasifier is expected to reduce fuel consumption and provide a sustainable energy alternative while producing low-tar syngas suitable for the
This document discusses research on using section PI control for a high frequency full-bridge DC-DC converter to regulate the output voltage of an electrochemical DC power supply. It analyzes the circuit structure of a multilevel buck-boost converter and proposes using a high frequency bipolar PWM control strategy with voltage feedback loop control. The control range is divided into multiple sections, each with its own PI parameters. MATLAB simulations show this section PI control method improves the output voltage range and reduces ripple compared to traditional PI control and lower frequency PWM control.
This document proposes a self-assured deduplication system for authorized deduplication in a hybrid cloud. The system uses convergent encryption to encrypt data before uploading it to the public cloud while allowing for deduplication. A private cloud server manages the private keys and generates file tokens to allow authorized duplicate checking on the public cloud. The proposed system was implemented as a prototype and experiments show it incurs minimal overhead compared to normal operations like encryption and uploading.
This document proposes a method for preventing cheating of messages based on block cipher using a digital envelope. It begins with an introduction to the need for data security during storage and transmission. It then discusses the AES encryption algorithm and related work involving encryption for wireless devices. The proposed method uses AES key expansion techniques to generate multiple keys for encryption and decryption of messages using a digital envelope, packing the encrypted message and key into a single packet. It claims this prevents attackers from accessing sensitive data. Future work could expand this to image encryption and decryption applications.
This document analyzes irrigation distribution networks using demand-driven analysis (DDA) and pressure-driven analysis (PDA). It summarizes the key differences between the two approaches and the results of applying each to a case study network. DDA uses fixed demands regardless of pressure, while PDA accounts for how demand varies with pressure based on sprinkler characteristics. The document finds that PDA yields higher minimum pressures and less variation across demand groups. It also allows evaluating how demands are influenced by pressure changes. Overall, PDA provides a better representation of real network operation compared to DDA.
This document describes using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to detect defective elements in a spaceborne planar antenna array. PSO is an optimization technique that models social behavior to iteratively find the global minimum of a cost function. Here, PSO is used to minimize the difference between measured and expected far-field radiation patterns to determine the location of any defective array elements. The document outlines designing a 2x2 planar array in IE3D software, introducing defects, calculating error patterns, and using PSO to optimize element positions to minimize error and correctly identify defective elements based only on far-field power measurements. The technique is shown to successfully detect randomly defective elements in the array, making it useful for locating failures in space applications where
Development of an Algorithm for 16-Bit WTMIOSR Journals
This document describes the development of an algorithm for a 16-bit Wallace tree multiplier (WTM). It begins with an overview of binary multiplication methods and why the Wallace tree structure is advantageous in reducing propagation delay. The document then discusses improvements made to the basic WTM algorithm, including a new method for generating partial products using fewer logic gates. It presents the design, synthesis and testing of WTM circuits of varying sizes on a Spartan-3E FPGA board. Performance metrics like delay, area, power-delay product and area-delay product are measured and compared to other multipliers. The 16-bit WTM is found to have superior performance to the other multipliers in terms of delay, area and speed.
Dynamic Programming approach in Two Echelon Inventory System with Repairable ...IOSR Journals
This document presents a two-echelon inventory system model with repairable items. The system consists of operating sites (base stations) and a depot. Each base station has inventory to fulfill failed item demands and is replenished from the depot. Failed items arrive at base stations according to a Poisson process and are inspected. Inspection times are exponential. Inspected items are either repaired at the depot or condemned. The system aims to determine optimal ordering policies to minimize average costs using Markov decision processes and dynamic programming. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the model.
A Novel Method of Generating (Stream Cipher) Keys for Secure CommunicationIOSR Journals
This document proposes a novel method for generating secret keys for stream ciphers used in secure communication. The method constructs keys from digital images by:
1. Separating the image into grayscale color channels
2. Counting pixels in color ranges to create a table of values for each channel
3. Using a threshold to convert the table values into a binary key string
The keys are then used to encrypt messages using an XOR cipher. The encryption scrambles plaintext and XORs it with the key bits. Decryption reverses this process. Examples demonstrate encrypting messages with keys generated from images. The method aims to securely generate and distribute unique keys for stream cipher communication.
An Estimate of Thermal Comfort in North-Central Region of NigeriaIOSR Journals
This document analyzes thermal comfort levels in five urban areas in Nigeria's North-Central region from 1980-2009. Temperature, humidity, and wind speed data were used to calculate temperature-humidity indices and wind chill indices monthly. Results showed severe heat stress in April, May, and March in Abuja, Minna, Lokoja, and Bida, while moderate heat stress occurred other months. Jos experienced comfortable conditions year-round except November-January. Extreme heat was most frequent in April for areas other than Jos. Moderate heat stress was most common in transition months. Jos remained relatively comfortable due to its high elevation.
This document discusses the effect of varying key length on the Vigenère cipher cryptosystem. It proposes a key generator function that produces keys of varying lengths based on the message security level selected by the sender. The security level determines the key length as a percentage of the plaintext message length, from 10% to 100%. The experiments show that as the key length increases, the encryption and decryption time increases. Longer keys also make frequency analysis attacks more difficult by further randomizing the letter frequencies in the ciphertext.
This document provides a review of how fuzzy logic techniques can improve the efficiency of power system stability. It begins with an introduction to fuzzy logic and how it can model human reasoning to address uncertainty. It then discusses issues with conventional power system stabilizers (PSS) and how fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) can help address their limitations in dealing with nonlinear systems. The document outlines the basic components of an FLC and steps to design one. It reviews several studies that have applied FLCs to PSS and gas turbine control and found they provide better damping and robustness compared to conventional controllers. The conclusion is that fuzzy logic is an effective approach for controlling complex, nonlinear processes in power systems.
Large Span Lattice Frame Industrial Roof StructureIOSR Journals
This document summarizes the design of a large span lattice frame roof structure for an industrial building in India. Key points include:
- The structure is a 60m span by 100m length roof for a coal storage shed.
- Various structural systems were analyzed using STAAD software to determine the most economical design.
- Load combinations considered dead load, live load, and wind loads according to Indian standards.
- Preliminary member sizing was conducted using a unit loading method, with the governing load combination being 10kN total at nodes from dead and live loads.
- Results of the analysis showed minimum moments and shears occurred for a roof slope between 7-9 degrees and a
This document proposes a novel irreversible transformation scheme for protecting biometric templates based on chaotic maps. It discusses challenges with existing biometric template protection approaches and how chaotic maps could address these challenges. The proposed scheme uses chaotic logistic maps to generate key streams that are used to transform and encrypt original biometric templates during enrollment. The same key streams are used during authentication to transform and decrypt templates for matching. The scheme aims to provide irreversibility, unlinkability, and revocability of templates to enhance security and privacy compared to traditional approaches. Simulation results are said to show the scheme is computationally simple yet provides better security performance than standard cryptographic algorithms.
This document summarizes the design and fabrication of an automated chiseling machine. The machine aims to chisel the surface of a trestle box to create a rough surface that enables the box to grip the jaws of a hydraulic jack, lifting heavy metal sheets to form storage tanks with minimal human involvement. The machine reduces worker fatigue by automating various machining processes used to modify the trestle box.
This document summarizes an experiment investigating the electrochemical behavior of carbon steel used for nuclear reactor containment buildings. Potentiodynamic, potentiostatic, and galvanostatic polarization techniques were used to study the steel's behavior in Ca(OH)2 solutions with varying NaCl concentrations. It was found that pitting occurred on the steel in solutions above a certain chloride concentration threshold that decreased with increasing chloride levels. Galvanostatic tests determined the chloride threshold conditions for depassivation of the pre-passivated steel. Optical microscopy of polarized samples confirmed localized corrosion above the threshold.
Practical Investigation of the Environmental Hazards of Idle Time and Speed o...IOSR Journals
This document presents the results of a study that investigated the environmental hazards of idle time and speed of a compression ignition engine fueled with Iraqi diesel fuel. The study measured emissions of CO, HC, CO2, NOx, particulate matter, and noise from the engine at various idle speeds (900, 1000, 1200, 1500 rpm) over a 20 minute period. The results showed that increasing idle time and decreasing idle speed generally increased emissions and noise, while increasing idle speed improved combustion and reduced most emissions and noise. Specifically, higher idle times and lower speeds increased CO, HC, NOx, PM and noise but decreased CO2, while higher speeds increased CO2 and NOx but decreased other emissions and noise. The aim was
1. The document describes the development of a helmet detection system and smart seat belt system for dune buggies. The system uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect the presence of a helmet and prevents the vehicle from starting if a helmet is not detected.
2. It also incorporates a seat belt switch that checks if the seat belt is fastened and will not allow the vehicle to start if the seat belt is not fastened.
3. The system is intended to increase safety by ensuring drivers and passengers wear helmets and seat belts, which can reduce injuries during accidents. Various tests showed the system was able to prevent the vehicle from starting when proper safety gear was not worn.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated two approaches for classifying amphibian species using a wireless multimedia sensor network (WMSN). The first approach performed classification at each sensor node, while the second performed classification at the sink node. Both approaches were tested in simulations. The results showed the first approach was 13% more energy efficient than the second approach for a network of 25 sensor nodes transmitting data every 30 seconds to a single sink node. Performing classification at the sensor nodes significantly increases the network lifespan by reducing energy consumption compared to performing classification at the central sink node.
This document describes the design and optimization of a ground attack aircraft. It outlines the three phases of aircraft design: conceptual, preliminary, and detailed design. In the conceptual design phase, configurations like low wing, H-tail, and turbofan engines were selected. In preliminary design, parameters like maximum take-off weight, wing area, and engine thrust were estimated. The detailed design phase involves developing detailed designs for components like the wing, tail, fuselage, landing gear, and propulsion system. Design requirements are established and each component is optimized to meet the design goals.
Security Attacks And Solutions On Ubiquitous Computing NetworksAhmad Sharifi
This document discusses security challenges in ubiquitous computing environments. It begins by defining ubiquitous computing as involving the integration of computing technology into everyday objects and environments. This allows information access from any device at any time, but also increases security risks. The document then outlines some common ubiquitous applications like smart homes. It identifies key security issues like lack of authentication, unauthorized access, and privacy concerns. Finally, it discusses challenges in ubiquitous security including how the expanded computing environment impacts traditional security methods and introduces new privacy and trust issues.
Ubiquitous computing involves embedding microprocessors in everyday objects to allow them to communicate information. This results in a vision of small, networked devices distributed throughout the environment. Challenges include system design, modeling, and interfaces. Devices can be tabs, pads, or boards. Ubiquitous computing aims to manage information efficiently and effortlessly with smart environments and convenient access to information. However, privacy and security are major concerns as ubiquitous systems can continuously monitor users' actions and gather extensive personal data. Notifications, access controls, and proportionate security are important principles to address these issues.
Ubiquitous computing involves embedding microprocessors in everyday objects to allow them to communicate information. This results in a vision of small, networked devices distributed throughout the environment. Challenges include system design, modeling, and interfaces. Devices can be tabs, pads, or boards. Ubiquitous computing aims to manage information efficiently and effortlessly with smart environments and convenient access to information. However, privacy and security are major concerns as ubiquitous systems can continuously monitor users' actions and gather extensive personal data. Notifications, access controls, and proportionate security are important principles to address these issues.
COMPLEX EVENT PROCESSING USING IOT DEVICES BASED ON ARDUINOijccsa
Complex event processing systems have gained importance since recent developments in communication
and integrated circuits technologies. Developers can easily develop many smart space systems by
connecting various sensors to an Arduino as an internet of thing device. These systems are useful for many
places such as factories, greenhouses (plant house) and smart-homes. Especially in plant houses when the
desired humidity, temperature, light and soil moisture drops the certain level, the users should be notified
through their smartphones. The sensor information is sent to a central server over the internet via an
access point. The collected sensor data needs to be processed online to check whether an event is occurred
or not. The event processing system based on a complex event processing tool is created on the central
server. It is also an important issue to inform mobile users whenever an event occurs. A publish-subscribe
event based system is implemented on the central server. A mobile user is subscribed to the desired event
topic. When an event occurred, which is related with a specific topic, an alarm notification is sent to the
mobile users about the event information so as to take necessary precautions.
Complex Event Processing Using IOT Devices Based on Arduinoneirew J
Complex event processing systems have gained importance since recent developments in communication
and integrated circuits technologies. Developers can easily develop many smart space systems by
connecting various sensors to an Arduino as an internet of thing device. These systems are useful for many
places such as factories, greenhouses (plant house) and smart-homes. Especially in plant houses when the
desired humidity, temperature, light and soil moisture drops the certain level, the users should be notified
through their smartphones. The sensor information is sent to a central server over the internet via an
access point. The collected sensor data needs to be processed online to check whether an event is occurred
or not. The event processing system based on a complex event processing tool is created on the central
server. It is also an important issue to inform mobile users whenever an event occurs. A publish-subscribe
event based system is implemented on the central server. A mobile user is subscribed to the desired event
topic. When an event occurred, which is related with a specific topic, an alarm notification is sent to the
mobile users about the event information so as to take necessary precautions.
Ambient intelligence (AmI) refers to electronic environments that are sensitive and responsive to human presence. AmI aims to support users by having devices work together to automatically meet users' needs through context awareness and personalized interactions. Key technologies that enable AmI include ubiquitous computing, ubiquitous communication, and intelligent user interfaces to create a seamless experience between users and their digitally augmented surroundings. While AmI offers benefits like increased convenience, control, and efficiency, open challenges remain regarding privacy, security, complexity of modeling multiple users, and ensuring reliability of networked devices.
This document discusses pervasive computing, which involves embedding microprocessors in everyday objects to allow them to communicate information. It defines pervasive computing, outlines its history and key aspects like smart devices, connectivity through various wireless technologies, and user interfaces. Applications mentioned include healthcare, home automation, and environmental monitoring. Advantages are convenient access to information, but disadvantages include security and privacy risks.
Ubiquitous computing refers to computers being present everywhere and invisible throughout the physical environment. It will involve many embedded devices forming ad hoc networks to provide various services, with one person using multiple computers. To implement this concept, ordinary objects can be converted into smart objects by integrating sensors, processors, and results. Sensors collect data from the environment, processors analyze the data using stored protocols, and results are automated actions. Ubiquitous computing provides benefits like remote healthcare and smart traffic systems but also faces challenges regarding privacy, reliability, and ensuring accessibility for all. It is predicted to continue advancing through cloud computing with cheaper devices accessing cloud services from any location.
Ubiquitous computing refers to computers being present everywhere and invisible throughout the physical environment. It will involve many embedded devices forming ad hoc networks to provide various services, with one person using multiple computers. To implement this concept, ordinary objects can be converted into smart objects by integrating sensors, processors, and results. Sensors collect data from the environment, processors analyze the data using stored protocols, and results are automated actions. Ubiquitous computing provides benefits like remote healthcare and smart traffic systems but also faces challenges regarding privacy, reliability, and ensuring accessibility for all. It is predicted to continue advancing through cloud computing with cheaper devices accessing cloud services from any location.
What is Ubiquitous Computing?
Ubiquitous computing (alias: Pervasive Computing) is a paradigm in which the processing of information is linked with each activity or object as encountered. It involves connecting electronic devices, including embedding microprocessors to communicate information. Devices that use ubiquitous computing have constant availability and are completely connected.
Ubiquitous computing focuses on learning by removing the complexity of computing and increases efficiency while using computing for different daily activities.
Ubiquitous computing is also known as pervasive computing, everyware and ambient intelligence.
A concept based on the vision described by Mark Weiser nearly a decade ago:
“The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it”
1. Pervasive computing refers to embedding computing devices into physical objects that are connected via networks to communicate without user interaction.
2. The main idea is that devices ranging from appliances to cars to the human body can be embedded with microchips to connect to a vast network. This allows invisible computing to weave into everyday life.
3. Key challenges of pervasive computing include privacy as computing is everywhere, limited battery life, and ensuring seamless mobility as users move across devices.
Pervasive/ubiquitous computing refers to embedding microprocessors in everyday objects to communicate information and connect devices. The goal is for connectivity to be unobtrusive and always available. Key aspects include wireless technologies, advanced electronics, and the internet connecting smart products. Challenges include creating seamless integration between technology and users.
The document describes a smart sensory furniture system that aims to monitor elderly individuals living alone. The system integrates sensors and actuators into furniture to capture interactions between people and their environment. Sensors can be placed in different parts of furniture or across multiple pieces. A communication structure allows sensors to send data wirelessly. Middleware is developed to manage the furniture and provide monitoring, control and autonomous capabilities. The system monitors factors like temperature, heartbeat and respiration rates to detect any changes from normal daily activities that could indicate issues with well-being or emergencies. If abnormalities are detected, alert messages are sent to caregivers. The goal is to provide virtual supervision for elderly safety and well-being without needing full-time care.
The document proposes an activity tracking application for smart homes using an Android smartphone. It describes a 3-layer architecture consisting of a smart home layer with sensors, a cloud computing layer for activity recognition and data storage, and an application layer with reminder apps for elderly users and caregiver assistants. The application was developed in Eclipse using web services for communication between the app and a cloud server to track daily activities across home, hospital, and office environments.
Pervasive computing refers to embedding computers and communication technologies into our everyday environments. The goal of pervasive computing is to make computing power invisible but always available whenever needed. It aims to make computers operate seamlessly in the real world through distributed devices that can dynamically discover and interact with each other. Proponents argue that pervasive computing could make human life simpler, safer and more efficient by leveraging ambient intelligence from connected devices. However, privacy, security and technical challenges remain as pervasive systems could gather and share sensitive personal data without user consent.
This document provides an introduction to pervasive computing. Pervasive computing aims to make computing available anywhere through embedding microprocessors in everyday objects. It allows computing power and connectivity to be spread throughout physical environments. Some key aspects covered include ubiquitous access across devices and networks, context-aware computing that tailors services based on environmental factors, and emerging applications in areas like smart clothing, interactive posters, and pill cameras. Ongoing research continues to explore how pervasive technologies can create smarter and more connected systems and environments.
This document summarizes and reviews several models for ubiquitous computing systems. It begins by defining ubiquitous computing and describing the need for context awareness, wireless networks, and mobility in ubiquitous environments. It then examines three specific models:
1) SenSay, a context-aware mobile phone that adapts its behavior based on the user's environment and state.
2) HOMEROS, a middleware architecture that allows flexibility for heterogeneous devices and users across three layers.
3) Mobile Gaia, a middleware for ad-hoc pervasive computing networks.
Presentation on Ubiqutous Computing. Describes basic aspects of this computing. How it can be deployed in our day-to-day life. applications and advantages.
PPT on Cutting Edge Technology Demonstration in NursingArchanaSelvan
Cutting Edge Technology is the need of hour to modern nursing for promoting comfort of patient and reducing time and energy of nurses - the health care provider in all setting.
This document provides a technical review of secure banking using RSA and AES encryption methodologies. It discusses how RSA and AES are commonly used encryption standards for secure data transmission between ATMs and bank servers. The document first provides background on ATM security measures and risks of attacks. It then reviews related work analyzing encryption techniques. The document proposes using a one-time password in addition to a PIN for ATM authentication. It concludes that implementing encryption standards like RSA and AES can make transactions more secure and build trust in online banking.
This document analyzes the performance of various modulation schemes for achieving energy efficient communication over fading channels in wireless sensor networks. It finds that for long transmission distances, low-order modulations like BPSK are optimal due to their lower SNR requirements. However, as transmission distance decreases, higher-order modulations like 16-QAM and 64-QAM become more optimal since they can transmit more bits per symbol, outweighing their higher SNR needs. Simulations show lifetime extensions up to 550% are possible in short-range networks by using higher-order modulations instead of just BPSK. The optimal modulation depends on transmission distance and balancing the energy used by electronic components versus power amplifiers.
This document provides a review of mobility management techniques in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It discusses three modes of communication in VANETs: vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and hybrid vehicle (HV) communication. For each communication mode, different mobility management schemes are required due to their unique characteristics. The document also discusses mobility management challenges in VANETs and outlines some open research issues in improving mobility management for seamless communication in these dynamic networks.
This document provides a review of different techniques for segmenting brain MRI images to detect tumors. It compares the K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms. K-means is an exclusive clustering algorithm that groups data points into distinct clusters, while Fuzzy C-means is an overlapping clustering algorithm that allows data points to belong to multiple clusters. The document finds that Fuzzy C-means requires more time for brain tumor detection compared to other methods like hierarchical clustering or K-means. It also reviews related work applying these clustering algorithms to segment brain MRI images.
1) The document simulates and compares the performance of AODV and DSDV routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network under three conditions: when users are fixed, when users move towards the base station, and when users move away from the base station.
2) The results show that both protocols have higher packet delivery and lower packet loss when users are either fixed or moving towards the base station, since signal strength is better in those scenarios. Performance degrades when users move away from the base station due to weaker signals.
3) AODV generally has better performance than DSDV, with higher throughput and packet delivery rates observed across the different user mobility conditions.
This document describes the design and implementation of 4-bit QPSK and 256-bit QAM modulation techniques using MATLAB. It compares the two techniques based on SNR, BER, and efficiency. The key steps of implementing each technique in MATLAB are outlined, including generating random bits, modulation, adding noise, and measuring BER. Simulation results show scatter plots and eye diagrams of the modulated signals. A table compares the results, showing that 256-bit QAM provides better performance than 4-bit QPSK. The document concludes that QAM modulation is more effective for digital transmission systems.
The document proposes a hybrid technique using Anisotropic Scale Invariant Feature Transform (A-SIFT) and Robust Ensemble Support Vector Machine (RESVM) to accurately identify faces in images. A-SIFT improves upon traditional SIFT by applying anisotropic scaling to extract richer directional keypoints. Keypoints are processed with RESVM and hypothesis testing to increase accuracy above 95% by repeatedly reprocessing images until the threshold is met. The technique was tested on similar and different facial images and achieved better results than SIFT in retrieval time and reduced keypoints.
This document studies the effects of dielectric superstrate thickness on microstrip patch antenna parameters. Three types of probes-fed patch antennas (rectangular, circular, and square) were designed to operate at 2.4 GHz using Arlondiclad 880 substrate. The antennas were tested with and without an Arlondiclad 880 superstrate of varying thicknesses. It was found that adding a superstrate slightly degraded performance by lowering the resonant frequency and increasing return loss and VSWR, while decreasing bandwidth and gain. Specifically, increasing the superstrate thickness or dielectric constant resulted in greater changes to the antenna parameters.
This document describes a wireless environment monitoring system that utilizes soil energy as a sustainable power source for wireless sensors. The system uses a microbial fuel cell to generate electricity from the microbial activity in soil. Two microbial fuel cells were created using different soil types and various additives to produce different current and voltage outputs. An electronic circuit was designed on a printed circuit board with components like a microcontroller and ZigBee transceiver. Sensors for temperature and humidity were connected to the circuit to monitor the environment wirelessly. The system provides a low-cost way to power remote sensors without needing battery replacement and avoids the high costs of wiring a power source.
1) The document proposes a model for a frequency tunable inverted-F antenna that uses ferrite material.
2) The resonant frequency of the antenna can be significantly shifted from 2.41GHz to 3.15GHz, a 31% shift, by increasing the static magnetic field placed on the ferrite material.
3) Altering the permeability of the ferrite allows tuning of the antenna's resonant frequency without changing the physical dimensions, providing flexibility to operate over a wide frequency range.
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a speech enhancement method using stationary wavelet transform. The method first classifies speech into voiced, unvoiced, and silence regions based on short-time energy. It then applies different thresholding techniques to the wavelet coefficients of each region - modified hard thresholding for voiced speech, semi-soft thresholding for unvoiced speech, and setting coefficients to zero for silence. Experimental results using speech from the TIMIT database corrupted with white Gaussian noise at various SNR levels show improved performance over other popular denoising methods.
This document reviews the design of an energy-optimized wireless sensor node that encrypts data for transmission. It discusses how sensing schemes that group nodes into clusters and transmit aggregated data can reduce energy consumption compared to individual node transmissions. The proposed node design calculates the minimum transmission power needed based on received signal strength and uses a periodic sleep/wake cycle to optimize energy when not sensing or transmitting. It aims to encrypt data at both the node and network level to further optimize energy usage for wireless communication.
This document discusses group consumption modes. It analyzes factors that impact group consumption, including external environmental factors like technological developments enabling new forms of online and offline interactions, as well as internal motivational factors at both the group and individual level. The document then proposes that group consumption modes can be divided into four types based on two dimensions: vertical (group relationship intensity) and horizontal (consumption action period). These four types are instrument-oriented, information-oriented, enjoyment-oriented, and relationship-oriented consumption modes. Finally, the document notes that consumption modes are dynamic and can evolve over time.
The document summarizes a study of different microstrip patch antenna configurations with slotted ground planes. Three antenna designs were proposed and their performance evaluated through simulation: a conventional square patch, an elliptical patch, and a star-shaped patch. All antennas were mounted on an FR4 substrate. The effects of adding different slot patterns to the ground plane on resonance frequency, bandwidth, gain and efficiency were analyzed parametrically. Key findings were that reshaping the patch and adding slots increased bandwidth and shifted resonance frequency. The elliptical and star patches in particular performed better than the conventional design. Three antenna configurations were selected for fabrication and measurement based on the simulations: a conventional patch with a slot under the patch, an elliptical patch with slots
1) The document describes a study conducted to improve call drop rates in a GSM network through RF optimization.
2) Drive testing was performed before and after optimization using TEMS software to record network parameters like RxLevel, RxQuality, and events.
3) Analysis found call drops were occurring due to issues like handover failures between sectors, interference from adjacent channels, and overshooting due to antenna tilt.
4) Corrective actions taken included defining neighbors between sectors, adjusting frequencies to reduce interference, and lowering the mechanical tilt of an antenna.
5) Post-optimization drive testing showed improvements in RxLevel, RxQuality, and a reduction in dropped calls.
This document describes the design of an intelligent autonomous wheeled robot that uses RF transmission for communication. The robot has two modes - automatic mode where it can make its own decisions, and user control mode where a user can control it remotely. It is designed using a microcontroller and can perform tasks like object recognition using computer vision and color detection in MATLAB, as well as wall painting using pneumatic systems. The robot's movement is controlled by DC motors and it uses sensors like ultrasonic sensors and gas sensors to navigate autonomously. RF transmission allows communication between the robot and a remote control unit. The overall aim is to develop a low-cost robotic system for industrial applications like material handling.
This document reviews cryptography techniques to secure the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks. It discusses various types of attacks on AODV like impersonation, denial of service, eavesdropping, black hole attacks, wormhole attacks, and Sybil attacks. It then proposes using the RC6 cryptography algorithm to secure AODV by encrypting data packets and detecting and removing malicious nodes launching black hole attacks. Simulation results show that after applying RC6, the packet delivery ratio and throughput of AODV increase while delay decreases, improving the security and performance of the network under attack.
The document describes a proposed modification to the conventional Booth multiplier that aims to increase its speed by applying concepts from Vedic mathematics. Specifically, it utilizes the Urdhva Tiryakbhyam formula to generate all partial products concurrently rather than sequentially. The proposed 8x8 bit multiplier was coded in VHDL, simulated, and found to have a path delay 44.35% lower than a conventional Booth multiplier, demonstrating its potential for higher speed.
This document discusses image deblurring techniques. It begins by introducing image restoration and focusing on image deblurring. It then discusses challenges with image deblurring being an ill-posed problem. It reviews existing approaches to screen image deconvolution including estimating point spread functions and iteratively estimating blur kernels and sharp images. The document also discusses handling spatially variant blur and summarizes the relationship between the proposed method and previous work for different blur types. It proposes using color filters in the aperture to exploit parallax cues for segmentation and blur estimation. Finally, it proposes moving the image sensor circularly during exposure to prevent high frequency attenuation from motion blur.
This document describes modeling an adaptive controller for an aircraft roll control system using PID, fuzzy-PID, and genetic algorithm. It begins by introducing the aircraft roll control system and motivation for developing an adaptive controller to minimize errors from noisy analog sensor signals. It then provides the mathematical model of aircraft roll dynamics and describes modeling the real-time flight control system in MATLAB/Simulink. The document evaluates PID, fuzzy-PID, and PID-GA (genetic algorithm) controllers for aircraft roll control and finds that the PID-GA controller delivers the best performance.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
O017328693
1. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727, Volume 17, Issue 3, Ver. II (May – Jun. 2015), PP 86-93
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17328693 www.iosrjournals.org 86 | Page
Pervasive Computing Applications And Its Security Issues &
Challenges
R.Uma, G.Archana, V.Komail.
Assistant Professors, Department Of Computer Applications, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Arts &
Science for Women Perambalur.
Assistant Professors, Dept of MCA, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan college of arts and science for women
Perambalur,
Abstract: This paper discusses the emerging field of pervasive computing applications and its security
challenges, the word pervasive or ubiquitous mean "existing everywhere." It produces sevice to anyplace,
anywhere, at any time service to small or portable and wearable devices. This technology create new
opportunities and challenges for the Information Technology companies to place high-performance computers
and sensors in virtually every device, appliance, and piece of equipment in buildings, home care,Intelligent
transport system, workplaces, and factories, and even in clothing. Pervasive computing environment or PCE
share most of the security issues of traditional networked applications. These include authentication of devices
and users, privacy of data or information, defense against malicious code such as viruses, worms, Trojan horses
etc, and access control mechanisms. Finally it describes about the future focus for the pervasive computing
through the real time applications.
Keywords: Pervasive computing,Devices,Connectivity,Issues,Privacy,User Interfaces.
I. Introduction
The Pervasive computing encompasses three things all of the areas: 1. It concerns the way people view
mobile computing devices, and use them within their environments to perform tasks. 2. It concerns the way ap-
plications are created and deployed to enable such tasks to be performed.3.It concerns the environment and how
it is enhanced by the emergence and ubiquity of new information and functionality. The advantage of pervasive
computing environments is to make life more comfortable by providing device mobility and a digital infrastruc-
ture that has the ability to provide useful services to people in the environment, when and where they need them.
At the same time pervasive computing presents many risks and security related issues that were not previously
encountered in more traditional computing environments. In particular, issues such as privacy, trust and identity
become more challenging to the designers of such environments. Designing secure pervasive environments re-
quires the system to reliably confidently identify the user who wishes to access the environment’s resources. It
is also
Important to appreciate the risks involved in establishing and verifying the identity of users insuch en-
vironments. Privacy is also important as users need to be confident that their personal information is not used in
a way that they do not approve of. Privacy in such environments is particularly important as the syste needs to
be protective of the users’ data and perceived by the user to be that way.
II. Characteristics and Architecture of Pervasive Computing
Pervasive computing can be classified by a set ofattributes and capabilities that describe the extent of
itsfunctionality. Mobility and ad-hoc networking capabilities are expected to emerge relatively soon, that is
within the next one to two years. [1]Characteristics such as autonomy, context awareness and energy autarky are
not expected until later, taking anywhere from five to ten years. Context awareness and embededt in day-to-day
objects are viewed as pervasivecomputing’s ultimate and determining characteristics. Pervasive computing is
the result of computer technology advancing at exponential speeds -- a trend toward all man-made and some
natural products having hardware and software. [2]Pervasive computing goes beyond the realm of personal
computers: it is the idea that almost any device, from clothing to tools to appliances to cars to homes to the hu-
man body to your coffee mug, can be imbedded with chips to connect the device to aninfinite network of other
devices. The goal of pervasive computing, which combines current network technologies with wireless compu-
ting, voice recognition, Internet capability and artificial intelligence, is to create an environment where the con-
nectivity of devices is embedded in such a way that the connectivity is unobtrusive and always available.
2. Pervasive Computing Applications And Its Security Issues & Challenges
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17328693 www.iosrjournals.org 87 | Page
III. Pervasive Computing Applications
Pervasive computing could be exploited to achieve great societal, organizational and individual bene-
fits. [3]The high-level goals of such applications mostly center on Quality of Life, Quality of Experience, Con-
venience, Return on Investment, Assistance, among others. The Mobile and Pervasive Computing laboratory is
a pioneer and one of the world leading research centers in applying pervasive computing in support of Aging,
Disabilities and Independence (ADI) addressing Quality of Life for the elderly and individuals with special
needs. ADI research is highly multi-disciplinary and requires diversified research talents that cannot be attained
without research collaborations (including international). The lab also addresses proactive health applications of
pervasive computing with emphasize on persuasive tele-health systems, which is another multi-disciplinary re-
search area.
Smart Greenhouse It is a natural air purifying system that utilises plants that havenaturally powerful air purify-
ing qualities in a mini greenhouse in the house, which provides fresh air and a pleasant natural scent.
The greenhouse automatically controls the climate to adjust the plants purifying abilities in order to provide
adequate freshness according to the contamination level of the house.
The Smart Floor
[4]The primary location tracking system used in the house is the Smart Floor, which is built into a resi-
dential-grade, raised tile system. Each tile is approximately one square foot with a pressure sensor fitted under-
neath. Unlike other tracking methods, the Smart Floor requires no attention from the residents, any device to
wear, or cameras that invade the residents’ privacy. To the user, the Smart Floor is very convenient as it is unen-
cumbered and requires no user attention. To the Smart House, the Smart Floor is very powerful as it provides for
rich sentience of location and activities, quietly and invisibly.
3. Pervasive Computing Applications And Its Security Issues & Challenges
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17328693 www.iosrjournals.org 88 | Page
The Smart Floor is utilized as a collection of location and activity services (API) to other smart house
applications. Applications may need location contexts in which case they invoke the location service. Some ap-
plications are entirely based on locations such as daily activity counter, in which the total steps taken by the res-
ident are counted and reported to the cloud and other subscribers (e.g. care giver, or a relative). A phenomena
cloud implementation of the location service is also available which provides for a higher level of reliability of
the location service despite sensor failures and high levels of noise exhibited by the pressure sensors.
SMART PEN [4][[[:Smart pen offers a way of finding a definition for any unknown vocabulary when people
have problems reading books .
This is especially useful for documents written in a foreign language. All you need to do is underline or
write down the unknown word, press the translation key and then the pen automatically projects the translation
onto the document in.
The Smartwave: Meal Preparation Assistant
The SmartWave is a consists of a microwave oven and other devices and services that provide assis-
tance in meal preparation. An RFID reader mounted under a counter surface below the microwave allows ap-
propriately tagged frozen meals to be recognized by the SmartWave. The resident is provided via a monitor
above the microwave with the necessary instructions to ready the meal for cooking (remove film, stir ingre-
dients, etc.). The SmartWave can handle multiple cooking cycles (e.g. thaw, low-power followed by high power)
automatically. It sets power levels and cooking times automatically. Once the meal is ready, a notification is sent
to the resident, wherever he or she is in the house. This technology assists a variety of residents, such as those
with visual impairments who are unable to read the fine print on the frozen meals. It also assists residents with
hand dexterity problems or with mild dementia.
Cognitive Assistant
The main goal of the Cognitive Assistant (CA) project is to assist older adults with mild dementia over-
come difficulties in carrying out basic daily activities by means of reminders, orientation, and context-sensitive
triggering. Indoor, the cognitive assistant provides: (1) Attention Capture and (2) anywhere multimedia cueing
capabilities. The assistant itself is a general service decoupled from the specific contents and events of interests.
It can be utilized by any number of applications in the Smart House requiring any type of reminders, training, or
cueing. The CA has been used proactively as a reminder for critical tasks (to take medications, to eat at meal
times, to go see the doctor, to call son on his birthday, or to feed the pet). It has also been used as a training tool
to perform step-by-step tasks (specifically in re-training on hygiene tasks). Another purpose for training is beha-
vior alteration, which we demonstrated in preparing a meal using the SmartWave and ensuring hydration. CA
has also been used as a monitoring tool to record the activities performed by the elder.
4. Pervasive Computing Applications And Its Security Issues & Challenges
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17328693 www.iosrjournals.org 89 | Page
Smart Plug
An intelligent environment should be able to sense and recognize the devices and services it has availa-
ble, interpret their status, and if needed interact with these devices to influence them. For example, in the Gator
Tech Smart House, self-sensing is a service that provides a real-time model that reflects the status of all the ap-
pliances in the space. The SmartPlug is a prerequisite service that enables self-sensing. The Smart Plug is a
standard power outlet invisibly fitted with a low-cost RFID reader housed inside the wall behind the plug hard-
ware. Each electrical device, such as a lamp or a fan, is given an RFID tag that contains information about the
device. Currently, the RFID tags are embedded in pass through plugs (the white cubical below). Once an ap-
pliance is plugged (through the pass through cube), its RFID tag is read and its location id identified. The house
gets to know this dynamic information instantaneously. By attaching a sensor node to the plug, actuation be-
comes possible. Actuations are limited to on/off switching of the appliance
Smart Bed
It can be difficult in this modern age for busy working people to feel good and peaceful when they
must get up early in the morning, but with smart bed, you can turn a stressful morning into an enjoyable one.
Smart Pillow
A pillow that could look after your bed time needs.
Smart pillow can read any books of your choice to you at bedtime and can play your favourite music to drift off
to when you start to get sleepy.
Cyber-Analytic Tele-Health
Researchers in the social and life sciences, as well as medical researchers and practitioners, have long
sought the ability to continuously and automaticallymonitor research subjects or patients for a variety of condi-
tions or disorders. Additionally, the use of monitoring data to influence treatment dosage or regimen within real-
time constraints is an important objective of behavior modification practice for psychological and medical ther-
apies. The Mobile and Pervasive Computing lab has formed a multi-disciplinary team to research tele-health
systems in the domain of obesity and diabetes. We have analyzed the traditional model for tele-health and de-
veloped key advances to the model that we believe will invigorate tele-health as an effective delivery mode for
health care. Our work so far addressed the need to extend tele-health systems with two powerful capabilities: (1)
behavior recognition, which is powerful sentience over and above vital signs and activity sensing, and (2) persu-
asion and adaptive persuasion loops, which is powerful (human) actuation. We believe that both additions (sen-
tience and actuation) will have significant impact on the effectiveness and efficacy of tele-health systems. We
are currently working on behavior recognition, Action Behavior Models for persuasion and participatory tele-
health. We are also planning for a major validation and quantification of our hypotheses.
Gate Reminder (DESK)
Forgetting an important item at home that you need for your day is something that happens to the best
of us.But now, this innovative Gate reminder will remind you what you need before you leave the house, so you
will never need to forget anything again.
Smart Dressing Table
The smart dressing table is the perfect accessory for women who are fed up with having to put their
makeupon in the morning in a bad and dark environment. This dressing table has several innovative functions
that work with the user to create a perfect and convenient atmosphere for putting up makeup on quickly and
effectively.
Digi Flower
It is a cordless communication system that indicates whether or not any member of the family is ap-
proaching the home.As well as improving communication and general relationships within the family, it also
provides general convenienc eand can also act as a safety device. It is composed of a portable transmiter and a
receiver.This device indicates by bursting into bloom when a family member approaches the house.This innova-
tion can act as a new communication interface for the people both inside and outside the house.
5. Pervasive Computing Applications And Its Security Issues & Challenges
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17328693 www.iosrjournals.org 90 | Page
Electronic Paper And Smart Wall
The days of paper books and newspapers what they are going to be replaced with, according to some-
entrepreneurs, is “epaper”.It is basically a computer monitor that is so thin that you could roll it up and stick it
in your pocket. One of the problems when changing a display is the size.How can we utilise the size of a display
effectively when it is constantly getting bigger.
Smart Mat
A mat at the entrance of home, provides a vital connection between inside and outside the house.By
sensing the body weight and footprint of the user, the smart mat immediately recognises which user isstepping
on the mat.
Pervasive Computing in Healthcare
Pervasive computing is often mentioned in the context of improving healthcare.Usually, these exam-
ples involve consumer monitoring devices such as bloodpressure cuffs and glucose meters that can upload data
to a personal computer for collection and dissemination to professional caregivers.By collecting patient data in
settings more varied than doctors’offices, healthcare provider shope to better understand themany facets of pa-
tients’ daily gives and then modify the rapies to the individual.Another important context is emergency care to
accelerate access to medical records at the emergency site or to bring experts to the scene virtually. By giving
medical professionals appropriate,complete information,we expect to deliver better care that’s tuned not only to
the situation but also to the patient’s history.The surgical field also receives much attention,as surgeons and
nurses must monitor and controlvarious vital functions under intensely stressful conditions. Technologists are
developing systemsto collect and process an ever-increasing range of telemetry from instruments used in an
operating room and to augment human ability to detect patterns of concern that could require immediate action.
A promising future
Many of these applications have appeared in the popular press and are actually starting to be dep-
loyed.At one end of the spectrum, consumer devices easily network with home PCs to let users gather data from
sensors in the home that their physicians can access online. At the other end, telesurgery is becoming a practical
reality, with remote physicians able to consult on a patient’s conditionas well as take part in a surgical proce-
dure.This special issue seeks to go beyond these“expected” applications and bring the reader an even wider
range of applicability for pervasivecomputing technologies in the highly variedhealthcare domain.Proponents
tout pervasive computing as benefiting healthcare in at least three ways:
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DOI: 10.9790/0661-17328693 www.iosrjournals.org 91 | Page
1. Lowering costs by getting appropriate care tothe people who need it much faster than previously possible;
2. Making expert care accessible to more people, there by increasing the scale at which first-rate healthcare is
applied;
3. Making healthcare more personalized, prompting individuals to take more responsibility for maintaining their
health.
IV. Security Challenges In Pervasive Computing Environment
Pervasive computing environment or PCE share most of the security issues of traditional networked
applications. These include authentication of devices and users, privacy of data or information, defense against
malicious code such as viruses, worms, Trojan horses etc, and access control mechanisms. However, the perva-
sive computing environment adds some unique issues to the already complex security arena. Physical security is
important as the devices can be easily misplaced or stolen. Information that is usually confined behind a corpo-
rate firewall is now winging its way through the air, possibly spending some time on hosted servers or wireless
gateways.
V. Security issues
Many attempts have been made to apply traditional security concepts and solutions to pervasive plat-
forms. However, in most cases, a lot of modifications are needed inorder for the security infrastructure to fit
within the pervasive framework leading to a high level of risk of introducing new breaches. A generic security
framework is needed [5]. One way to minimise the security issues with pervasive computing frameworks is to
identify them in the early stages of their development. These issues include:
5.1 Reliability
Pervasive systems expose a larger attack surface with many points of failure in comparison to tradi-
tional computing environments [2]. If people depend upon pervasive systems to mediate day-to-day activities,
such systems will quickly become missioncritical.They need to be robust, dependable, and always available.
This is a very difficult problem for a pervasive computing framework to address. Due to the wide variety of
computing technologies that entities will use, the risk of introducing security issues that may threaten the relia-
bility of services will increase.
5.2 Trust
The infrastructure that supports a pervasive computing system introduces new security challenges not
addressed in existing security models, including in the domain of trust management [6, 7]. The issue of trust will
7. Pervasive Computing Applications And Its Security Issues & Challenges
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17328693 www.iosrjournals.org 92 | Page
arise when anentity, such as a PDA, mobile phone or laptop computer that is unknown to otherentities offers
services. Entities offering services may have an established connection history and are trusted. An entity con-
necting to a pervasive environment for the first time will have no historical records on which to base a measure
of trust. Such an entity may act maliciously and try to disrupt services being offered or it may be genuinely try-
ing to avail of a specific service. The question of trust arises and whether existing members of the environment
trust the intentions of this new entity. For example, two new entities (A and B) that are connected to the perva-
sive environment may wish exchange data. Do they trust each other? to traditional computing environments [2].
If people depend upon pervasive systems to mediate day-to-day activities, such systems will quickly become
mission critical.They need to be robust, dependable, and always available. This is a very difficult problem for a
pervasive computing framework to address. Due to the wide variety of computing technologies that entities will
use, the risk of introducing security issues that may threaten the reliability of services will increase.
5.3 Malicious attacks
A common form of malicious attack is a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. A DoS is anattack with the
purpose of preventing legitimate users from using a specfied network resource such as a website, web service, or
computer system [9]. A Distributed Denialof Service (DDoS) attack is a coordinated attack on the availability of
services ofa given target system or network that is launched indirectly through many compromised computing
systems [10]. The threat of a deliberate attack by an entity connectedto a pervasive computing framework will
exist. Any entity can act maliciouslyand may deliberately try to access a service provided by another entity that
it is not permitted. A DoS attack can not only cause the innocent entity to malfunction but may also introduce
other problems such as severe network latency, scalability problems when other entities try to connect to the
framework and service unavailability.
5.4 Information propagation
When data is transmitted between entities, it is possible that it may be altered or corrupted accidentally
or maliciously. It is important that the integrity of the data in apervasive environment is maintained. If the data
is altered, the entities may not have any mechanism to detect this.
5.5 Recourse
Ranganathan states that because pervasive systems will mediate everyday physicalactivity, technical
mechanisms to facilitate recourse must be built-in from the start[2]. When one entity provides a service to
another, the problem exists when one of the entities reneges before a successful termination. A pervasive com-
puting frameworkshould have mechanisms to deal with this.In the next section we introduce an example of a
pervasive computing framework called ConStruct. We use this to motivate discussion ofhow security issues
impact services that are supported in a pervasive environment.
5.6 Data Communication
Privacy of the data encompasses two aspects. First, it hasto ensure that data being shared or communi-
cated is not being hacked by any active or passive attackers. As aninitial thought, we consider several encryption
and decryption techniques. But at the same time we need to think about the other side of the coin which reminds
us about the memory, battery power and other limitations.Along with that, the users in pervasive computing
environment have much more elasticity and sovereignty in mobility. This includes a large variety of domains
ranging from well protected environments to totally open unprotected situations which makes the data protect its
issue worse. Secondly, how can it be guaranteed that theuser data which is being collected almost obviously
willnot be used maliciously? Or how we can ensure with certainty that the complicated data is not being proces-
sedby any unauthorized user
5.7 Trust
In order to overcome several constraints, mutualcooperation, interconnectedness and inter dependabilityhave
been exposed as the obvious uniqueness of pervasivecomputing environment. Along with these occurs theissue
of trust. If data is shared with an unwarranted device, the probability of data security reduces automatically. [8].
VI. Conclusions
In this Paper we have gathered the information about the pervasive computing technologies, architec-
ture, applications, issues and challenges we have seen, today the pervasive/ubiquitous computing is a fertile
source of challenging problems in computer systems. In future we focus our research for creating applications
such as smart home or office or university etc.without any technical challenges by using the advanced embedded
systems or by efficient soft computing techniques.devices need to be perceived as portals into the applica-
tion/data space supported by the environment, rather than repositories of custom software. Applications need to
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DOI: 10.9790/0661-17328693 www.iosrjournals.org 93 | Page
be seen as tasks performed on behalf of a user, not as programs written to exploit the resources of a specific
computer. The goal of a pervasive computing framework is to support services offered by entities in a heteroge-
neous environment. It is highly probable that most entities havelittle or no knowledge of other entities and the
services they offer. This introduces important security issues especially when a new entity makes available a
new servicefor the first time.As a result of this 'unknown' factor introduced in this environment, there is astrong
expectation for a pervasive computing framework to provide adequate security to all entities. The framework is
transparent to these entities and as such they appear to communicate peer-to-peer. Unless entities are aware of
appropriate security mechanisms, there may be reluctance for these to connect to the framework and avail of
services in offer.
References
[1]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervasive_Computing
[2]. Lathies Bhasker T “Pervasive Computing Issues, Challenges andApplications”International Journal Of Engineering And Computer
Science ISSN: 2319-7242 Volume 2 Issue 12, Dec.2013.
[3]. “Security Issues with Pervasive Computing Frameworks” Michael CollinsSystems Research Group, School of Computer
Science and Informatics,UCD Dublin, Ireand.
[4]. ”Issues and challenges in ubiqutious computing” Protocol Engineering & Technology (PET) Lab. Indian Institute of
Science,Bangalore.
[5]. https://www.google.co.in/search?q=pervasive+compuing+characteristics&biw.
[6]. A Survey on Pervasive Computing Er. Manita Gorai, Er. Kamna Agarwal , International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Re-
search Volume 3, Issue 6, June-2012
[7]. M. Satyanarayanan: Pervasive Computing: Vision and Challenges. IEEE Personel Communications, 2001