The document discusses the evolution of pervasive computing into a web of things, highlighting key sections on pervasive computing, wireless sensor networks, the internet of things (IoT), and the web of things (WoT). It outlines the challenges, applications in real life, and future projections related to these technologies, emphasizing the importance of standards and security measures. The document concludes with references to various research works and the need for a unified platform to support large-scale adoption.

1. 1
The evolution of pervasive computing towards a Web of Things
Dr. Andreas Kamilaris
20 November 2017@Pervasive Systems RG, University of Twente

2. 2
Contents
2
Section 1
Pervasive
Computing
Section 2
Wireless
Sensor
Networks
Section 3
Internet of
Things
Section 4
Web of
Things
Section 5
Applications
in Real Life
Section 6
Challenges and
Future

3. 3
Pervasive Computing
3

4. 4
Pervasive Computing
4
“A vision of how we will live and interact with future computing environments”
“The Invisible/Disappearing Computer”
“Everywhere Computing”
“Pervasive/Ubiquitous Computing”
“Ambient Intelligence”

5. 5
Pervasive Computing
5

6. 6
Pervasive Computing
6
Drivers:
1. Moore’s Law
2. New Materials
3. Progress in Near-Field
Communication Technologies
4. Progress in Satellite Technologies
5. Progress in Mobile Phone Technology
and Communications
6. Intra-Body Communications

7. 7
Wireless Sensor Networks
7
7th Driver: Sensor Technology

8. 8
Wireless Sensor Networks
8

9. 9
Wireless Sensor Networks
9
Challenges:
1. Placement
2. Wireless Communication
3. Energy Saving
4. Message Dissemination
5. Access Protocols
6. Routing
7. Security
8. Mobility
9. Fault Tolerance

10. 10
Internet of Things
10
A network of objects, where all things are uniquely and universally addressable,
identified and managed by computers in the same way humans can
The Internet can penetrate
into the real world of
physical objects.

11. 11
Internet of Things
11

12. 12
Internet of Things
12
uIPv6
• ZigBee IP is an open standard for an IPv6-based full wireless mesh networking solution
and provides seamless Internet connections to control low-power.
• 6LoWPAN is a simple, low-cost, wireless communication network for constrained
applications with limited power.
• ZigBee IP and 6LoWPAN constitute adaption layers that allow efficient IPv6
communication over low-power networks.

13. 13
Internet of Things
13
IoT & Thread

14. 14
Internet of Things
14
IoT & CoAP/MQTT IoT Response Time

15. 15
Internet of Things
15
“Internet technology, utilizing IPv6, will become the future standard
in home automation.” (Gomez and Paradells, 2010)
X10 KNX ZigBee IPv6
Network Size: 2^8 2^16 2^16 2^64 per subnet
Data Rate: 20b/s 9.6kb/s 20-250kb/s 250kb/s...1Gb/s
Interface: custom
solutions app-level gateway app-level gateway UDP, TCP,
RESTful Web
Cost: low high medium low
Installation Overhead: low high low low
Connectivity: low medium medium high
Security: none high medium medium

16. 16
Web of Things
16
Connectivity at the network layer is nice…
… but what about the application layer?
The WoT is a notion where everyday devices and sensors are connected by fully
integrating them to the Web.
Based on the success of the Web 2.0, this concept is about reusing well-accepted
and understood Web standards to connect constrained devices.

17. 17
Web of Things
17
A bit of history…
The CoolTown Project The pREST Protocol

18. 18
Web of Things
18
The WoT practice is mainly:
1. Connect embedded devices to the
Internet, through IPv4 or IPv6.
2. Embed Web servers on these devices.
3. Model their services in a
resource-oriented way.
Directly Web-enabling
Vs. using a Gateway

19. 19
Web of Things
19
• Interconnecting embedded
devices in application level.
• The Web as a pervasive and
scalable platform.
• Different sub-URLs indicate
different characteristics of
“things”.

20. 20
Web of Things
20
REST is a lightweight architectural style which defines how to properly use
the HTTP protocol as an application interface.
A Resource-oriented Architecture is about:
1. Resources and their names (URIs).
2. The links between them.
3. Their representations (HTML, JSON, XML).
Resources can be manipulated with:
1. GET to retrieve a representation of a resource.
2. POST represents an insert or update.
3. PUT to alter the state of a resource.
4. DELETE to delete resources.
REST Vs. Big Web
Services (WS-*)

21. 21
Web of Things
21

22. 22
Web of Things
22

23. 23
Applications in Real Life
23
WoT Platforms:

24. 24
Applications in Real Life
24
Publish/Subscribe Infrastructures:

25. 25
Applications in Real Life
25
Sharing Devices/Services:

26. 26
Applications in Real Life
26
Energy awareness:

27. 27
Applications in Real Life
27
Logistics – Supply chains:

28. 28
Applications in Real Life
28
Smart Homes:

29. 29
Applications in Real Life
29
Smart Homes:
function check {
if [ $? -le 20 ] ; then
curl -d "status=OFF" -X PUT
[serverAddress]/AirConditioner/Switch/
fi
}
curl -s -X GET
[serverAddress]/Kitchen/Temperature/ $1
check;

30. 30
Applications in Real Life
30
Connection of smart homes
to the smart grid:

31. 31
Applications in Real Life
31
Urban computing:

32. 32
Applications in Real Life
32
Smart Cities:

33. 33
Applications in Real Life
33
Mobile phone-based
computing:

34. 34
Challenges and Future
34
Need for Standards:
GS1 Electronic Product Code
EPC/RFID Standards

35. 35
Challenges and Future
35
Need for Discovery Protocols:

36. 36
Challenges and Future
36
Need for Complete Architectures & Infrastructures:

37. 37
Challenges and Future
37
Need for Better Data Semantics:
Capabilities
Data
Constraints
Specs
Services
Context

38. 38
Challenges and Future
38
Need for Successful Case Studies:

39. 39
Challenges and Future
39
Need for Security:
• Authentication
• Access Control
• Confidentiality
• Privacy - Risk of abuse
• Trust
• Data Integrity
• Secure Middleware/Platforms
• Fairness

40. 40
Challenges and Future
40
Future Projections: Data analysis will be a key:
Big Data Analysis Artificial Intelligence -
Deep Learning
Cloud Computing

41. 41
Challenges and Future
41
Future Projections: Visualizations

42. 42
Challenges and Future
42
Future Projections: Geospatial analysis

43. 43
Challenges and Future
43
Future Projections: Citizen/Consumer understanding
Nutrition Products to Buy Healthcare Sports
Mobile phone as the key platform!

44. 44
Challenges and Future
44
Future Projections: New domains
Smart Agriculture Food supply chain

45. 45
Challenges and Future
45
Future Projections: Blockchain Technology
“The centralized security model common in the
enterprise today will struggle to scale up to meet the
demands of IoT”. (Forbes, June 2017)
• Decentralized
• More scalable security schemes
• Strong protections against data tampering
• Well-defined processes
• Maintains anonymity

46. 46
Challenges and Future
46
Future Projections: Internet of Nano-Things!
Interconnection of nanoscale devices with existing communication networks and
ultimately the Internet defines a new networking paradigm.

47. 47
The End!
47
Section 1
Pervasive
Computing
Section 2
Wireless
Sensor
Networks
Section 3
Internet of
Things
Section 4
Web of
Things
Section 5
Applications
in Real Life
Section 6
Challenges and
Future

48. 48
Are WoT Platforms based on WoT?
48
Supporting 2-3 Elements
Supporting 4-6 Elements
Supporting 7-9 Elements
Supporting 10 or
more Elements
• An open unified platform for the IoT/WoT
• Wide acceptance & large-scale adoption
• Web 3.0 and a real pervasive world of things
• Need for a killer application!

49. References I
Matthias Kovatsch et al., Embedding Internet Technology for Home Automation, in Proceedings of ETFA, Bilbao, Spain, September 2010.
Carles Gomez and Josep Paradells. Wireless home automation networks: A survey of architectures and technologies. IEEE Communications
Magazine, 48(6):92{101, 2010.
49
Anders Wallberg et al., Socially intelligent interfaces for increased energy awareness in the home, in IOT’08, 2008.
Juan Ignacio Vazquez and Diego Lopez-De-Ipina, Social devices: autonomous artifacts that communicate on the internet, in IOT’08, 2008.
Guinard, Dominique, and Vlad Trifa. Building the web of things: with examples in node. js and raspberry pi. Manning Publications Co., 2016.
Pautasso, Cesare, Olaf Zimmermann, and Frank Leymann. "Restful web services vs. big'web services: making the right architectural decision."
Proceedings of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web. ACM, 2008
Tim Kindberg et al., People, places, things: web presence for the real world, in Mobile Network Applications, 7(5):365–376, 2002.
Guinard, Dominique, Mathias Fischer, and Vlad Trifa. "Sharing using social networks in a composable web of things." Pervasive Computing
and Communications Workshops (PERCOM Workshops), 2010 8th IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2010.
Guinard, Dominique, et al. "From the internet of things to the web of things: Resource-oriented architecture and best practices." Architecting
the Internet of things (2011): 97-129.

50. References II
D. Guinard, M. Müller, Jacques Pasquier, Giving RFID a REST: Building a Web-Enabled EPCIS, Proceedings of the Internet of Things 2010
International Conference (IoT 2010), November 2010, Tokyo, Japan.
50
Andreas Kamilaris, Andreas Pitsillides and Michalis Yiallouros. Building Energy-aware Smart Homes using Web Technologies. Journal of
Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments (JAISE), vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 161-186, March, 2013.
Andreas Kamilaris and Andreas Pitsillides. Mobile Phone Computing and the Internet of Things: A Survey. IEEE Internet of Things (IoT)
Journal, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 885-898, December, 2016.
Andreas Kamilaris, Semih Yumusak and Muhammad Intizar Ali. WOTS2E: A Search Engine for a Semantic Web of Things. In Proc. of the IEEE
World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), Reston, VA, USA, December 2016.
Andreas Kamilaris and Andreas Pitsillides. Social Networking of the Smart Home. In 21st Annual IEEE International Symposium on
Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2010), Istanbul, Turkey, September 2010.
Juan Vazquez et al.,. SOAM: An Environment Adaptation Model for the Pervasive Semantic Web, in ICCSA, volume 3983 of Lecture Notes in
Computer Science, pages 108–117. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006.
Lars Schor et al., Towards a Zero-Configuration Wireless Sensor Network Architecture for Smart Buildings, in BuildSys, 2009.
Dogan Yazar and Adam Dunkels, Efficient Application Integration in IP-based Sensor Networks, in BuildSys, 2009.

51. 51
Thanks for your attention!
Dr. Andreas Kamilaris
(Email: Andreas.Kamilaris@irta.cat)