This document discusses nutrition and nutritional deficiencies. It covers macronutrients like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates as well as micronutrients including vitamins A, D, E, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, and folate and minerals like iron. For each nutrient, it lists sources, functions, deficiency symptoms, requirements and prevention of deficiencies. It provides details on protein amino acids and classification of fats. The document is a comprehensive overview of nutrition.

1. Dr. T.A.More
Assistant professor,
Community Medicine Dept,
D. Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur

2. 1.Dietary Constituents
2.Nutritional Requirements
3.Assessment Of Nutritional Status
4.Nutritional Problems
5.Nutritional Programmes

3. 1.Agriculture
2.Animal Husbandry
3.Economics
4.Sociology
Green revolution-Increase food
production

4. -Infection
-Immunity
-Fertility
-MCH
-Pathogenesis of non-comm. Diseases

5. 1.By Origin- Animal, Vegetable
2.Chemical composition
Proteins, Fats, Carbohydrates,
Vitamins and Minerals
3.By Functions
-Body Building
-Energy giving
-Protective Foods
4.By Nutritive Value

6. 1.Macronutrients
2.Micronutrients
PROTEINS
1.Essential Amino Acids
i.Leucine, ii.Isolucine, iii.Lysine,
iv.Methionine, v.Phenylalanine,
vi.Threonine, vii.Valine,
viii.Tryptophan, ix.Histidine

7. 1.Arginine
2.Asparaginic Acid
3.Serine
4.Glutamic Acid
5.Prolin
6.Glycine

8. 1.Body Building
2.Repair and maintenance of body tissues
3. Maintenance of osmotic pressure
4.Synthesis of
-Antibodies, plasma proteins,
Hb, Enzymes, Hormones,
Coagulation Factors

9. CLASSIFICATION-
1.Simple Lipids-Triglycerides
2.Compound Lipids-Phospolipids
3.Derived Lipids-Cholesterol
FATTY ACIDS
1.Saturated-Lauric,Palmitic,Stearic
Acids
2.Unsaturated-Oleic Acid, Linoleic
Acid

10. 1.Animal,2.Vegetable,3.Other sources
FUNCTIONS
-Energy
-Fat soluble vit.
-Support vicera
-Insulation against cold
-Local hormones
-Membranes and nervous tissue

11. 1.Obesity
2.Phrenoderma
3.CHD
4.Cancer
5.Others

12. SOURCES-
1.Starch
2.Sugars
3.Cellulose
Reserve-Glycogen

13. TYPES- 1.Insoluble,2.Soluble
FUNCTIONS
-Absorbe water
-Reduce Putrefacation and formation of gases
-Ca.of Stomach and colon
-Reduces CHD

14. Vitamin A(Retinol)
Functions-
a)Indispensable for normal visit
b)Maintain integrity and function of
glandular and epithelial tissues
c)Supports skeletal growth
d)Anti-Infective
e)Prevent epithelial cancer

15. Sources-
a)Animal Foods
Fish Liver Oil-Richest source
b)Plant Foods
Green leafy vegetables
Green & Yellow Fruits
Roots-Carrots
c)Fortified Foods
Vanaspati-Ghee,Milk
Storage-Liver

16. A)Occular Manifestations
a)Night Blindness
b)Conjunctival Xerosis
c)Bitots Spots
d)Corneal Xerosis
e)Keratomalacia
Liquefacation of cornea
Medical Emergency
Loss of Vision (Eye collapse)
Associated with PEM

17. B)Extra-occular Manifestation
Follicular hyperkeratosis
Anorexia
Growth retardation
Increase morbidity & mortality
Treatment-Massive dose (2 L.I.U.)-2 days
Prevention-
Food rich in vit. A
Reducing PEM, RTI,Diarrhoea,Measles
Education & Comm. Participation
Six monthly vit. A (2 L.I.U)

18. Calciferol & Cholecalciferol
Sources
-Animal fats & Fish liver oil
-U.V. Rays of sunlight
Storage-Fat depots
Functions
-Intestine-Ca & Phosphorus absorption
-Bone-Stimulates mineralization
-Kidney- Phosphate & Ca reabsorption
-Others-Permits normal growth

19. Sources
-a)Sunlight
-b)Animal Foods
Deficiency
1)Rickets-
6 months to 2 years
Reduce calcification of growing bones
Growth failure, Bone deformity, Tetany
& convulsions
Delayed milestone
2)Osteomalacia
Pregnant & lactating women

20. Prevention
a)Education-Expose child to sunlight
b)Vit. D suppliment
c)Fortyfication of foods with vit. D
Excessive Intake
Nausia, Vomiting & drawsiness
Coma, Renal failure
Requirement
Adult-2.5 mcg
Infant & children-5 mcg
Pregnant & lactating women-10 mcg

21. Sources
-Vegetable Oil
-Cotton seeds
-Sunflower seed
-Egg yolk
-Butter
Plasma Level-0.8 to 1.4 mgm/100 ml
Daily requirement-0.8 mgm/g of essential fatty
acid

22. Sources
Dark green vegetables
Cows milk (Rich source)
Storage-Liver
Uses
Production & release of coagulation
factor
Deficiency
Prolonged blood clotting time
Requirement-0.03 mgm/kg

23. Sources
Whole grain cereals,wheat,yeast,pulses
& groundnuts
-Infant-Milk-Main source
Thiamine losses
Milling of rice, washing & cooking
Prolonged storage of fruits & vegetables
Deficiency
1)Beriberi
a)Dry-Peripheral Neuritis
b)Wet-Cardiac beriberi
c)Infantile-2 to 4 months of age
2)Wernick’s encephalopathy

24. Sources
-Milk, eggs, liver, kidney & green veg.
-Cereals & pulses (in bulk)
-Germination increases vit. B2
Uses-Maintain integrity of mucocutaneous
structure
-Cofactor for enzymes-Energy metabolism
Deficiency
-Common-Only rice in staple
-Angular stomatitis

25. Uses
-Carbohydrate, fat & protein metabolism
-Functioning of skin, intestine & nervous
system
Sources
Liver, kidney, meat, fish, legumes &
ground nut
Deficiency-Pellagra
Diarrhoea, dermititis & dementia
Glossitis & stomatitis
Dermititis-Body part exposed to sunlight
Maze eating population
Prevention-Good mixed diet

26. Uses
-Amino acids, fats & carbohydrate metab.
Sources
-Animal food, cereals, legumes &
vegetables
Deficiency
Peripheral neuritis
Requirement
Adults-2mg/day
Pregnancy & lactation-2.5 mg/day

27. Uses
Synthesis of nucleic acid-Chromosomes
Blood cell development-in bone marrow
Sources
Animal foods, fruits, cereals & leafy veg.
Deficiency
Poor diet, Pregnancy & lactation
Megaloblastic Anemia, glositis, diarrhoea
Requirement
Adult/Children-100 mcg
Pregnancy-400 mcg
Lactation-150 mcg

28. Uses
With folate-Synthesis of DNA
Sources
Animal foods
Synthesized by bacteria in colon
Storage
Liver-2 mg- 1 to 3 years
Deficiency
Megaloblastic Anemia
Demyelination of spinal cord
Anemia-Public Health Problem
Requirement-1 to 1.5 mcg/day

29. Functions
Formation of collagen
Blood vessels, connective tissue,
bones & cartilage
Sources
Fresh fruits & green leafy veg.
Germinating pulses
Amla, lime, orange
Deficiency-Scurvy
Swollen & bleeding gums, subcutaneous
bruising, bleeding into skin & joints,
delayed wound healing anemia
Requirement-5gm/day