The document discusses nutritional requirements for infants from birth to one year. It outlines that infants need adequate energy, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals for growth and development. Breastfeeding is recommended as it provides antibodies and optimal nutrition. Weaning should begin around 6 months by gradually introducing semi-solid complementary foods along with breastmilk. Recommended weaning foods are easy to digest, nutritious, and follow BIS standards for composition.
Nutritional assessment using anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary methods with a larger understanding of anthropometric methods used in Ethiopia
Diet does not substitute drugs but it is considered a complementary therapy.
The goals of dietary advice are:
To prevent or manage some medical conditions
To maintain or improve health through the use of appropriate and healthy food choices
To achieve and maintain optimal metabolic and physiological outcome
A presentation I made for a graduate-level Maternal & Childhood Nutrition course. This PowerPoint focuses on the important role good nutrition can play in this age group, as well as nutrition programs for this age group.
Nutritional assessment using anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary methods with a larger understanding of anthropometric methods used in Ethiopia
Diet does not substitute drugs but it is considered a complementary therapy.
The goals of dietary advice are:
To prevent or manage some medical conditions
To maintain or improve health through the use of appropriate and healthy food choices
To achieve and maintain optimal metabolic and physiological outcome
A presentation I made for a graduate-level Maternal & Childhood Nutrition course. This PowerPoint focuses on the important role good nutrition can play in this age group, as well as nutrition programs for this age group.
Nutrition is the study of nutrients in food, how the body uses them, and the relationship between diet, health, and disease.
Nutritionists use ideas from molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics to understand how nutrients affect the human body.
Nutrition for pregnant and lactating ladiesNadia Qayyum
Nutrients:
A nutrient is a chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body. Some provide energy. All help build cells and tissues, regulate bodily processes such as breathing. No single food supplies all the nutrients the body needs to function.
Role of Calcium in pregnancy DR. SHARDA JAIN Dr. Jyoti Agarwal Dr. Rashmi Jai...Lifecare Centre
ROLE OF CALCIUM IN PREGNANCY
FOCUS :
Daily requirement of calcium according to age
Calcium metabolism in pregnancy
Calcium requirement in pregnancy
Maternal benefits
Fetal benefits
Reduction in blood lead levels
Nutrition to improve calcium
Guidelines about dietary calcium intake / supplements in pregnancy
This presentation contains b asic information regarding biotechnolgy and genetic engineering required for a food engineer and application of these to food sector.
Meat has been the part of human diet since ages. this presentation has all the required information for a person regarding meat from its chemistry to its production.
the new emerging field of science that is nutrigenomics can deal with the issues of health and improve out health with the simple tools by understanding the risk and the baic genome of a person
This presentation shows the aspect of healthy aging. How to age gracefully without any much effort, Slight changes in daily diet and lifestyle can help to slow down aging process.
This presentation includes about retort processing with all types and processes of pouch filling and the defects associated with the pouch. this also contains the information about the retort that is ready to eat food packaging using retort processing.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
3. Infant
• The term “infant” is typically applied to young
children between one month and one year of
age.
• In medical context, newborn refers to an infant
in the first 28 days after birth.
4. Growth & Development
• Average total body length of newborn are 35.6-
50.8 cm, and increases by another 23-25 cm
during first year.
• Birth weight is in the range of 2.7-4.6 kg which
doubles in six months and triple the birth
weight in one year.
5. Nutritional Requirement
• Energy
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Vitamin A
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin E
• Vitamin K
• Vitamin C
• Vitamin B complex
• Calcium
• Iron
• Zinc
• Sodium
• Magnesium
• Phosphorus
• Water
50% basal
metabolism
25% growth
25% activity
Energy Supply,
Protein & fats
utilization ,
Building blocks
Build, maintain &
repair; Synthesis
of enzymes,
hormones &
antibodies
Energy source;
Absorption of fat
soluble vitamins
Proper vision;
Healthy immunity &
reproductive
system; Growth &
development
Bone formation;
Utilization of Ca &
P
Prevents tissue
breakdown;
Protects Vitamin A
& EFA
Proper blood
clotting
Improves
immunity;
Absortion of Fe;
Forms collagen
Proper growth &
development; Aids
metabolism &
functioning of CNS
Nerves, muscles,
bones & teeth
development;
Blood clotting
Formation &
growth of blood
cells
Formation of
blood, proteins;
Development of
tissues & taste
perception
Maintains water
balance & blood
volume
Temperature
regulation;
transport medium;
Metabolic aid
6. R
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
D
i
e
t
a
r
y
A
l
l
o
w
a
n
c
e
Nutrients Age (months)
0-6 7-12
Energy (kcal/kg/day) 92 80
Carbohydrates
(g/day)
60 95
Proteins (g/kg) 1.16 1.69
Visible Fats (g/day) ----- 19
Vitamin A
Retinol (µg/day) 350 350
Beta Carotene
(µg/day)
2800 2800
Vitamin D (µg/day) 5 5
Vitamin E (mg/day) 4 5
Vitamin K (µg/day) 2 2.5
7. R
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
D
i
e
t
a
r
y
A
l
l
o
w
a
n
c
e
Nutrients Age (months)
0-6 7-12
Riboflavin (mg/day) 0.3 0.4
Niacin (µg/kg) 710 650
Pyridoxine (mg) 0.1 0.4
Folic Acid (µg/day) 25 25
Cyanocobalamin
(µg/day)
0.2 0.2
Calcium (mg/day) 300 300
Iron (mg/day) 0.27 11
Zinc (mg/day) 2 3
Magnesium (mg/day) 30 45
Phosphorus (mg/day) 750 750
8. Breastfeeding
• Colostrum Milk
• Transition Milk
• Fore Milk
• Hind Milk
• 2-3 days after
delivery
• Rich in proteins,
ARA, DHA, zinc,
vitamin A & K
• Contains antibodies
and enzymes
• Next 2 weeks
• Fat and sugar
content increases
• Start of a feed
• High in lactose,
proteins, vitamins,
minerals and water
• Later in a feed
• Rich in fats
• High calories
• Colostrum
Milk
•Hind Milk
Nutrient Amount
Energy kcal 58
Fat g 2.9
Calcium mg 31
Phosphorus mg 14
Iron mg 0.09
Proteins g 2.7
Lactose g 5.3
Carotene I.U. 186
Retinol I.U. 296
Nutrient Amount
Water g 88
Energy kcal 65
Fat g 3.4
Calcium mg 28
Phosphorus mg 11
Carbohydrates
g
7.4
Proteins g 1.1
Thiamin mg 0.02
Carotene I.U. 1120
Riboflavin mg 0.02
9. Weaning
• Weaning is the process of gradually
introducing a infant to adult diet and
withdrawing the supply of its mother's milk.
Weaning
Food
• The semisolid foods given to the infants at the
weaning stage are generally called as weaning
foods.
10. Weaning Foods
Characteristics
• Rich in calories , vitamins, proteins and
minerals
• Easy to chew and swallow
• Low dietary bulk
• Precooked and predigested
• Free from antinutritional factors
• Low in indigestible fiber
• No artificial colors & flavors
• Follow BIS standards:
Particulars Percentage on dry wt.
Proteins 20
Fat 10
Moisture 5-10
Total ash 5
