The document outlines the nursing process, which includes 5 phases - assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
The assessment phase involves collecting client data through various methods like observation, interview, and examination. In the nursing diagnosis phase, the nurse analyzes the assessment data to identify client problems/needs and prioritize them.
The planning phase involves setting goals to address the problems and selecting nursing interventions. Implementation involves applying the planned care. Finally, in the evaluation phase the nurse determines if the goals were met by collecting additional client data. The nursing process provides a systematic framework to plan and deliver individualized nursing care.
CODE OF ETHICS: The guiding principle in nursing
code are the direction of conduct , understanding of what is right and wrong while providing care in the hospital and community settings.The ICN code of ethics are the milestone to establish nursing as a profession.
Steps in nursing process, Specific to the nursing profession
A framework for critical thinking
It’s purpose is to:
“Diagnose and treat human responses to actual or potential health problems”
nursing process is the base or heart of complete nursing and nursing process gives the framework for the nurses in giving care to the patient the knowledge of nursing process is must to become a licensed nurse or to practice nursing this ppt give nurses a brief idea what all thing are including in nursing process and to determine efficiency, knowledge, skills and attitude of personnel and can make best use of their skills into clinical practice.
CODE OF ETHICS: The guiding principle in nursing
code are the direction of conduct , understanding of what is right and wrong while providing care in the hospital and community settings.The ICN code of ethics are the milestone to establish nursing as a profession.
Steps in nursing process, Specific to the nursing profession
A framework for critical thinking
It’s purpose is to:
“Diagnose and treat human responses to actual or potential health problems”
nursing process is the base or heart of complete nursing and nursing process gives the framework for the nurses in giving care to the patient the knowledge of nursing process is must to become a licensed nurse or to practice nursing this ppt give nurses a brief idea what all thing are including in nursing process and to determine efficiency, knowledge, skills and attitude of personnel and can make best use of their skills into clinical practice.
Nursing process (fundamental of nursing)romanajavaid
Nursing process is systematic frame work to provide quality care to patients in which nurses learned how to assess,make nursing diagnose,plan ,implementation and evaluation.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
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This document describes the acute management of AV block.
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Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
3. Definition
The nursing process is a modified form
of scientific method used in nursing
profession to
asses client needs and create a course
of action to address and solve patients
problems
4. The nursing process is a systematic,
client centered, goal oriented method
of caring that provides a framework for
nursing practice
It is a systemic, rational method of
planning and providing individualized
nursing care for individuals, families,
groups and communities
5. Benefits of Nursing Process
Provides an orderly & systematic method for
planning & providing care
Enhances nursing efficiency by standardizing
nursing practice
Facilitates documentation of care
Provides a unity of language for the nursing
profession
Is economical
Stresses the independent function of nurses
Provide continuity of care and prevent
duplication
6. Characteristics of the Nursing
Process
Systematic
Dynamic
Client-centered
Goal-directed outcome focused
Universally applicable
Steps are interrelated and dependant on the
accuracy of each step
10. Assesment
1st step
Definition -Collecting, organizing,
validating and documenting data
Gathering information about psychological,
physiological, social and spiritual status
Data collected through observation,
interview, physical examination, health
records and family members
Focus on patient response to health
problems
11. Assesment types
Initial – after admission. Provide baseline data
(vital signs)
Problem focused- ongoing process to determine
the state of previously identified problem
(hourly UOP of ARF pt)
Emergency – at life threatening situations
(ABC)
Time lapsed- after several weeks/ months to
determine the progress of disease and treatment
(clinic follow up)
12. Types of data
Subjective (symptoms)
information perceived only by affected
person
Eg: pain, worry, nausea
Objective (signs)
information perceived by another
person that can be verified by others
Eg: vital signs, reddened skin
14. Methods of data collection
1. Observation
conscious and deliberate use of the five senses
Organized observation (a/c to disease eg.
asthma)
-clinical signs of patient(SOB)
-threats to safety (no side rails)
-associated equipment (IV drip not
functioning)
-immediate environment (slippery floor)
-BHT (Dr’s order, Ix reports, charts, drugs)
15. 2. Interview
planned communication to obtain history
3. Physical assessment
examination of the client for objective data
Four methods of physical assessment
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
4. Refer client records and reports
5. consultation
16. Steps of assessment process
Data collection
Validation – double checking for
accuracy
Organizing- head to toe or system wise
Documentation
– subjective (client’s words)
- Objective (medical terms,
abbreviations)
17. Nursing diagnosis
Nursing diagnosis is a clinical
judgment about individual, family or
community response to actual and
potential health problems/life
processes
1990 NANDA definition
North American Nursing Diagnosis
Association
18. Nursing diagnosis
After gathering information about the
client, nurse analyze them and make a
decision about the person’s condition,
strength, problems or needs
It is the judgment that the nurse makes,
which forms the link between
assessment and nursing care plan
19. Components of nursing diagnosis
Problem statement (derived from NANDA
nursing diagnosis)
-self care deficit
Etiology/related factor (contributing
factor for the problem)
-R/T paralysis of lower limbs
Defining characteristics (data that signals
the existence of the problems)
-as evidenced by strong body and urine odor
21. Types of nursing diagnosis
Actual- current/obvious problem
Eg : fluid volume deficit
(decreased intake due to nausea and
vomiting, dry skin, low UOP,
Potential/risk – problems which may occur
in the future due to current health status
Eg : risk for infection
(surgical incision, discharge on dressing)
22. Wellness – clinical judgment about
the state of wellness
Eg: potential for enhanced spiritual
wellbeing
(practice religious activities, family
provides good support in practices )
23. Medical vs. nursing diagnosis
Medical- identify disease (one)
Nursing - identify unhealthy responses
associated with a disease (several for
signs and symptoms)
24. NANDA - nursing diagnoses
Standard and approved
Keep a copy with you always
25. Guidelines to write nursing
diagnoses
Select problem statement/nursing
diagnosis from NANDA list based on
pt’s assessment
Link the etiology and problem
statement with the phrase “related to”
Do not write medical diagnosis, signs
or symptoms as problem statement
26. Use legally advisable terms
Be sure the problem statement
indicates what is unhealthy
Actual diagnoses must have obvious
relevant data in the assessment column
Use your knowledge, experience and
medical literature to develop risk
diagnoses
Reread and confirm the diagnoses
27. Prioritizing nursing diagnoses
Ranking of nursing diagnoses in order of
importance
High priority- if untreated could harm to
client
eg. Ineffective breathing pattern
Medium – non life threatening
eg. Risk for impaired skin integrity
Low – not directly related to current illness
or prognosis
Eg. Impaired social interaction
28. Guides for prioritizing nursing
diagnoses
Maslow’s hierarchy
Virginia Henderson’s guide for needs
Client preference
Anticipation of future problems
29. Planning
In this phase Nurse and client work
together to
1. develop client goals if achieved which
solve the client problem in nursing
diagnosis
2. identify the nursing interventions
which are most likely assist the client in
achieving those goals
30. Types
1- Initial planning:
the nurse who performs the admission
usually develops the initial
comprehensive plan of care.
2- Ongoing planning:
- Is done by all nurses who work
with the client.
3- Discharge planning:
The process of anticipating and
planning for needs after discharge.
30
33. Planning Process:
Formulating Goal/ objective/
expected outcome
* Purpose of Goals:
a- provide direction for planning nursing
interventions
b- Serve as criteria for evaluating client
progress.
c- Enable the client and the nurse to
determine when the problem has been
resolved.
33
34. Formulating goals
- derived from the problem statement of
nursing diagnosis
-for each diagnosis at least one goal
-consider client’s preference
-find the descriptive term of the
diagnosis
-find the opposite term of descriptive
term
-write the goal as “To +verb stem”
35. Example
problem statement-impaired skin
integrity
Descriptive term-Impaired
Opposite of impaired- improved
Verb stem- improve
Goal- To improve skin integrity
36. SMART goals
S - Specific
M - Measurable
A - Achievable
R - Realistic
T - Time bound
37. SMART goal example
Nursing diagnosis- Fluid volume
deficit r/t frequent passage of stools
Goal
S- Mr. Sirisena
M- will drink
A- 60ml fluid
R-while awake
T- every hour
38. Types of Goals:
a- Short Term Goals:
For a client who require health care
for a short time.
usually achieved in less than one week
b- Long Term Goals:
Are often used for clients who have
a chronic health problem
usually takes more than one to two
weeks to achieve
38
40. Selecting nursing interventions
Types of Nursing Intervention:
1- Independent intervention: activities that
nurses are licensed to initiate on the basis of
their knowledge and skills.
2- Dependent intervention: are activities
carried out under the physician orders.
3- Collaborative intervention: are actions the
nurse carries out in collaboration with other
health team member.
40
41. Writing nursing orders
Write as orders
-provide back care 2hly
-change the dressing
Clear
brief
Simple to complex
Use abbreviations
43. Process of implementation
Determine the need for assistance
(basic human needs)
Promote self care, teaching and counseling
(active participation of client and family)
Assisting to meet health goals
(carry out the planned actions)
Ongoing data collection
Communicating care
(documentation –only about carried out actions
past tense)
44. Evaluation
Planned, ongoing, purposeful
activity in which clients and health
care professionals determine:
- The clients progress toward goals
an achievement.
- The effectiveness of the nursing
care plan.
44
45. Evaluation
Process of evaluating client responses:
1- Identify the desired out comes.
2- Collecting data related to desired out
comes.
3- Relate nursing actions to client
goals/desired outcomes.
4- Draw conclusions about problem
status.
5- Continue to modify or terminate the
clients care plan.
45
47. Writing care plans
Use institutional format
Date/time/assessment/nursing
diagnosis/planning/implementation/
evaluation
Assessment- include significant data
about basic human needs, signs and
symptoms, feelings,Ix reports, special
medical care, vital signs etc. Avoid too
long descriptions
48. Nursing diagnoses- use NANDA problem
statement +related factor
Planning-goals and plans to achieve goal
write as orders
Implementation- about carried out actions
write in past tense
Evaluation- mention about goals met or not
with brief description.
Use accepted abbreviations and symbols of
your agency
Kardex-mostly used care plan
49. Important !important!!
Important!!!
Every client is unique
They have unique problems
Develop ability to identify unique problems of each
client
Unique ,clear assessment helps to provide unique care
for each client
NEVER COPY AND PASTE from web sources for study
purposes
52. Case study
52 years old Mr. Perera is a clerk. He was
admitted to your ward with a history of
difficulty in breathing, difficulty in
swallowing, mild chest pain and
hoarseness of voice. He has lost 5kg of
weight within last two months. Today
is the second day after admission. Still
he has all the symptoms he had on
admission.
53. He looks ill and complains generalized body
weakness. he is on liquid diet , but he
refuses his meals saying “no appetite”. His
urinary and bowel elimination normal. He
has not slept last night due to unfamiliar
environment. Today he is waiting for his
endoscopic biopsy report. He worries about
the uncertain results of the report. He wants
to know the reason for his physical changes.
His last Hb report is 9.2g/dl. His vital signs
are normal.
54. Underline client’s problems
Write those in a separate paper
Write possible problems which may occur in
the future
Select problem statement for each problem
from NANDA diagnoses list
Select etiology from assessment and
literature
Write two part nursing diagnosis for each
problem.
Formulate goals
Plan actions to achieve goals