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Chapter 3 
Establishing the context and 
foundations
No curriculum is developed in a vacuum. It • 
is developed by a group of educators, for 
a group of students, in a specific school, 
set in a region of a specific country, with a 
health service and an education system 
. that has its own unique characteristics
Wragg (1997) gives three • 
propositions that can be seen as the 
rationale for a situation analysis as 
the first step of the process of 
.curriculum development
Firstly, education must incorporate a • 
vision of the future, since education does 
not prepare students for today or 
. yesterday, but for tomorrow 
Secondly, there are escalating demands • 
on people, both in terms of their chosen 
career, and in the wider world of living as 
. a citizen in the 21st century
Thirdly, the learning of students must be • 
inspired by several influences, without 
focusing narrowly on one aspect. The how 
of learning might be more important than 
what is learnt. For instance, future leaders 
might be shaped more by the attitudes, 
vision and inspiration they internalize 
during their education than by the content 
.(facts) they were taught
Studying the context 
With regard to nursing programmes, the • 
following stakeholders are usually 
:involved
Prospective students, and in the case of • 
.school-leavers, their parents 
The health services who will employ the • 
.products of the programme 
The health services in which clinical • 
.practica will be done during training
The education authorities, including the • 
specific school or department in which the 
programme is offered, as well as the 
.larger organization 
The regulatory body for nursing, e.g. • 
.nursing councils or state boards 
The community served by the educational • 
institution and the health services
What are the environmental 
?influences on the program 
The environment refers to those • 
influences from outside the system over 
which the system has little or no control. 
Nursing education forms part of at least 
four larger systems: the health system, the 
education system, the regulatory system 
. and the societal system
The following list of questions could guide • 
curriculum developers in analysing the 
environmental factors impacting on the 
.programme they design 
Health system- 1 • 
Educational system • 
Professional system • 
Societal system •
Which resources can the 
?programme access 
The following resources need to be • 
.analysed 
Teaching staff • 
Teaching resources • 
Prospective students • 
Clinical facilities •
Points for discussion 
To what extent should a programme be • 
shaped for local situation? Would this not 
lead to qualified nurses being unable to 
?function in other settings 
How can the differences of philosophical • 
beliefs of teachers in the same school be 
handled during the process of curriculum 
?development
Nursing chapter 3.ppt2015

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Nursing chapter 3.ppt2015

  • 1. Chapter 3 Establishing the context and foundations
  • 2. No curriculum is developed in a vacuum. It • is developed by a group of educators, for a group of students, in a specific school, set in a region of a specific country, with a health service and an education system . that has its own unique characteristics
  • 3. Wragg (1997) gives three • propositions that can be seen as the rationale for a situation analysis as the first step of the process of .curriculum development
  • 4. Firstly, education must incorporate a • vision of the future, since education does not prepare students for today or . yesterday, but for tomorrow Secondly, there are escalating demands • on people, both in terms of their chosen career, and in the wider world of living as . a citizen in the 21st century
  • 5. Thirdly, the learning of students must be • inspired by several influences, without focusing narrowly on one aspect. The how of learning might be more important than what is learnt. For instance, future leaders might be shaped more by the attitudes, vision and inspiration they internalize during their education than by the content .(facts) they were taught
  • 6. Studying the context With regard to nursing programmes, the • following stakeholders are usually :involved
  • 7. Prospective students, and in the case of • .school-leavers, their parents The health services who will employ the • .products of the programme The health services in which clinical • .practica will be done during training
  • 8. The education authorities, including the • specific school or department in which the programme is offered, as well as the .larger organization The regulatory body for nursing, e.g. • .nursing councils or state boards The community served by the educational • institution and the health services
  • 9. What are the environmental ?influences on the program The environment refers to those • influences from outside the system over which the system has little or no control. Nursing education forms part of at least four larger systems: the health system, the education system, the regulatory system . and the societal system
  • 10. The following list of questions could guide • curriculum developers in analysing the environmental factors impacting on the .programme they design Health system- 1 • Educational system • Professional system • Societal system •
  • 11. Which resources can the ?programme access The following resources need to be • .analysed Teaching staff • Teaching resources • Prospective students • Clinical facilities •
  • 12. Points for discussion To what extent should a programme be • shaped for local situation? Would this not lead to qualified nurses being unable to ?function in other settings How can the differences of philosophical • beliefs of teachers in the same school be handled during the process of curriculum ?development