The document discusses inquiry-based learning (IBL) and problem-based learning (PBL). IBL requires students to go beyond memorization and apply solutions to problems. It shifts students from passive learning to active engagement through investigating real phenomena. PBL uses cognitive conflict or puzzlement as the stimulus for learning. Both approaches emphasize self-directed learning through investigating authentic, meaningful problems with guidance from teachers.
INTEGRATION OF INNOVATIE TEACHING PRACTICES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESSDr. Sushma H.B
Ā
The document discusses various innovative teaching practices that can be integrated into the teaching and learning process. It describes traditional lecture-based teaching and highlights how it can be made more interactive, such as through questioning students and encouraging participation. It also discusses other active learning methods like problem-based learning, cooperative and collaborative learning, and reflective teaching/learning. The use of real-life examples, multimedia, hands-on activities and diagnostic-prescriptive teaching are emphasized to make learning more engaging and effective.
This document summarizes a parent workshop about inquiry-based learning in the PYP curriculum model. It discusses that inquiry can take many forms like exploring, wondering, experimenting, and researching. It also mentions that the workshop involved parents sharing their own learning experiences and visualizing something they deeply understood. An example of a coin sorting activity in the classroom was provided to illustrate inquiry-based learning.
Teaching-Learning Styles and Classroom EnvironmentIrina K
Ā
This document provides an overview of learning styles, teaching styles, and components of a healthy classroom environment. It begins by defining the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic (VAK) learning styles model. It then discusses whether learning styles are a myth or reality, and provides a link to a related YouTube video. The document goes on to describe 5 classic teaching styles: authority, personal model, facilitator, delegator, and hybrid. It also identifies 3 components of a healthy classroom environment according to research: relationships, routines, and room design. The document concludes by listing several references on these topics.
1. Educational psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning. It involves studying cognitive development, learning processes, and factors that influence learning.
2. Many consider philosopher Johann Herbart as the father of educational psychology. Pioneers like William James, John Dewey, and Jean Piaget made significant contributions to the field and studied topics like learning theories and cognitive development.
3. The field has grown significantly since the late 1800s when psychology first emerged as a science. Early contributors included Francis Galton, G. Stanley Hall, and Edward Thorndike who studied intelligence testing and learning. Present-day educational psychologists still apply the work of scholars like Benjamin Bloom on learning tax
Maria Montessori was the first female physician in Italy who developed the Montessori method of education through her observations of children. She opened her first Children's House in 1907 in Rome to educate children in slums. Montessori believed the environment should be prepared to support independence, exploration, and absorption of knowledge through real tools and activities tailored to children. Her principles of following the child's interests, observation, and an emphasis on independence still influence early childhood education today.
This document discusses project-based learning (PBL) and provides an overview of PBL as well as summaries of research studies that have found benefits of PBL. Some key points include:
- PBL engages students in exploring real-world problems and creating presentations to share what they have learned, which can lead to deeper knowledge and increased motivation compared to textbook learning.
- Several studies found improved test scores, engagement, and skills among students learning through PBL compared to traditional instruction.
- Effective PBL requires teachers to facilitate learning as a coach rather than solely relying on direct instruction, with the role shifting from manager to leader.
Recent techniques and methods of teaching part - trapBeulahJayarani
Ā
It discuss about Recent techniques and methods of teaching -"PART - TRAP". It also discuss about what is education, teaching, innovation and types of recent trends in teaching learning method. It also explains about expansion of PART AND TRAP. Benefits and conclusion too.
INTEGRATION OF INNOVATIE TEACHING PRACTICES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESSDr. Sushma H.B
Ā
The document discusses various innovative teaching practices that can be integrated into the teaching and learning process. It describes traditional lecture-based teaching and highlights how it can be made more interactive, such as through questioning students and encouraging participation. It also discusses other active learning methods like problem-based learning, cooperative and collaborative learning, and reflective teaching/learning. The use of real-life examples, multimedia, hands-on activities and diagnostic-prescriptive teaching are emphasized to make learning more engaging and effective.
This document summarizes a parent workshop about inquiry-based learning in the PYP curriculum model. It discusses that inquiry can take many forms like exploring, wondering, experimenting, and researching. It also mentions that the workshop involved parents sharing their own learning experiences and visualizing something they deeply understood. An example of a coin sorting activity in the classroom was provided to illustrate inquiry-based learning.
Teaching-Learning Styles and Classroom EnvironmentIrina K
Ā
This document provides an overview of learning styles, teaching styles, and components of a healthy classroom environment. It begins by defining the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic (VAK) learning styles model. It then discusses whether learning styles are a myth or reality, and provides a link to a related YouTube video. The document goes on to describe 5 classic teaching styles: authority, personal model, facilitator, delegator, and hybrid. It also identifies 3 components of a healthy classroom environment according to research: relationships, routines, and room design. The document concludes by listing several references on these topics.
1. Educational psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning. It involves studying cognitive development, learning processes, and factors that influence learning.
2. Many consider philosopher Johann Herbart as the father of educational psychology. Pioneers like William James, John Dewey, and Jean Piaget made significant contributions to the field and studied topics like learning theories and cognitive development.
3. The field has grown significantly since the late 1800s when psychology first emerged as a science. Early contributors included Francis Galton, G. Stanley Hall, and Edward Thorndike who studied intelligence testing and learning. Present-day educational psychologists still apply the work of scholars like Benjamin Bloom on learning tax
Maria Montessori was the first female physician in Italy who developed the Montessori method of education through her observations of children. She opened her first Children's House in 1907 in Rome to educate children in slums. Montessori believed the environment should be prepared to support independence, exploration, and absorption of knowledge through real tools and activities tailored to children. Her principles of following the child's interests, observation, and an emphasis on independence still influence early childhood education today.
This document discusses project-based learning (PBL) and provides an overview of PBL as well as summaries of research studies that have found benefits of PBL. Some key points include:
- PBL engages students in exploring real-world problems and creating presentations to share what they have learned, which can lead to deeper knowledge and increased motivation compared to textbook learning.
- Several studies found improved test scores, engagement, and skills among students learning through PBL compared to traditional instruction.
- Effective PBL requires teachers to facilitate learning as a coach rather than solely relying on direct instruction, with the role shifting from manager to leader.
Recent techniques and methods of teaching part - trapBeulahJayarani
Ā
It discuss about Recent techniques and methods of teaching -"PART - TRAP". It also discuss about what is education, teaching, innovation and types of recent trends in teaching learning method. It also explains about expansion of PART AND TRAP. Benefits and conclusion too.
The document defines learning environment as the combination of social and physical factors that shape the classroom experience. It discusses features of a positive classroom environment such as appreciating students and understanding their needs. The physical environment refers to how the classroom is set up, ensuring accessibility, visibility, and minimizing distractions. Key aspects of the physical environment include the size and shape of the room, furniture arrangement, and traffic patterns. The strategies for an effective physical environment aim to develop a sense of belonging, enhance competence and security, promote intellectual growth, and accommodate privacy needs.
This document discusses copyright and permission related to a publication by Leaders Excellence, Inc. It states that no part of the publication may be reproduced without prior written permission, except for brief quotations for non-commercial uses permitted by copyright law. It provides the publisher's contact information for requests for permission. The document then provides a table of contents for the publication which discusses various aspects of critical thinking across 10 chapters.
Effective teaching is more than a good lecture. In fact, it may be NO lecture at all. This presentation suggests dozens of effective structures. While many are not fully explained here, they are easily found in many locations on the internet and in the woks of Gardner, Tomlinson, Marzano, Sternberg, Costa, Solomon and others.
Here are two potential launching activity questions from the KWL chart and a discussion of how they could be used:
Question 1: How do plants get their food?
This is a fundamental question about photosynthesis that students likely have. An engaging launching activity could have students observe and compare plants that are with and without sunlight to start forming hypotheses about how plants get their food.
Question 2: What are the parts of a plant and what is their function?
Providing students with pictures or physical examples of plant parts and having them work to correctly identify and describe the function of roots, stems, leaves, flowers etc. This gets students interacting with examples to build their base knowledge before exploring these concepts in more depth. Disc
Engaging children is easy when you know how.Try to make things interesting for Kids to engage them because Every little one has his own idea of what fun looks like and it is usually different from yours.
This document discusses emerging teaching methods, specifically techniques of the investigatory method. It describes five techniques: laboratory technique, problem-solving technique, research technique, field study technique, and experimenting technique. For each technique, it provides the definition, steps involved, and the teacher and students' roles. The laboratory technique involves students actively manipulating and studying a given problem. The problem-solving technique requires students to actively solve difficulties. The research technique is an organized study to serve a purpose. The field study technique involves students investigating a situation by being part of it. Finally, the experimenting technique uses methodical trial and error to verify or establish hypotheses.
This document discusses brain-based learning and its principles. It explains that brain-based learning engages students using effective neuroscience-backed strategies. Some key principles discussed are that the brain is social, seeks meaning, processes parts and wholes simultaneously, and involves both focused attention and peripheral perception. It also outlines three instructional techniques of orchestrated immersion, relaxed alertness, and active processing. The conclusion states that brain-based learning strategies can improve student performance, retention, and test-taking abilities.
This document discusses the characteristics of effective teachers and classroom management. It identifies that effective teachers have positive expectations for students, excel at classroom management, and design lessons for mastery. It also outlines five dimensions of classroom management: psychosocial, procedural, physical, behavioral, instructional, organizational, and addressing challenging behaviors. Effective classroom management includes establishing clear rules and procedures, organizing the physical space, and creating a positive learning environment.
Problem-based learning is a student-centered pedagogy where students learn through solving open-ended problems. Students develop flexible knowledge and problem-solving skills while working in small groups with a tutor to guide research and discussion. At its core, PBL presents a problem that stimulates cognitive processes and self-directed learning as students collaborate to understand new domains and find solutions.
This document discusses problem-based learning (PBL) and problem solving as methods of teaching. It defines PBL as starting with a problem or puzzle that the learner wishes to solve. The key features of PBL are that learning is initiated by a problem based on real-world situations, learners identify resources to find solutions, and learning is active and integrated. PBL is used to develop students' skills and motivate learning. The document also outlines the inductive, deductive, and combined approaches to problem solving, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using problem solving as a teaching method.
Maria Montessori was an Italian physician and educator born in 1870 who developed the philosophical approach to educating children that bears her name. She observed that children progress through distinct developmental planes from birth to age 6, age 6 to 12, age 12 to 18, and age 18 to 24. During the first plane from birth to age 6, she noted the absorbent mind and sensitive periods where children are highly attuned to different stimuli. Her educational method aims to foster independence, observation of children, following the child's interests and needs, correcting mistakes gently, and providing a prepared learning environment. The teacher's role is to observe children and prepare materials to support their development according to Montessori's theories.
The Integrative Model is designed to help students develop a deep understanding of organized bodies of knowledge while also developing critical thinking skills. It is based on the work of Hilda Taba. Teachers begin by displaying information in a matrix. Students analyze the information to form schemas and link concepts. This results in a deeper understanding. The goals are to understand organized knowledge and use critical thinking by finding patterns and forming explanations. Teachers guide students through open-ended exploration of the data, making causal explanations, hypothesizing, and generalizing to increase understanding and motivation.
This document provides guidance for effective teaching in large classes. It discusses that while there is no set definition, most teachers consider a large class to be 50-60 students or more. The document then offers suggestions for how teachers can structure large classes, maintain discipline, develop class exercises, manage the class climate, engage in active learning techniques, improve lectures, and reduce feelings of anonymity among students. Suggestions include using small group learning, having clear rules and expectations, incorporating interactive activities, keeping students interested, getting to know students' names, and fostering bonds between students.
This document discusses active learning techniques that can be implemented in the classroom. It begins by defining active learning as any learning activity engaged in by students other than passively listening to a lecture. It then discusses various active learning techniques like think-pair-share, concept mapping, jigsaw learning, and fishbowl discussions. For each technique, it provides a brief explanation of how the technique works and its benefits. The overall purpose is to help educators learn practical active learning strategies to make their classroom more engaging and improve student learning and retention of the material.
Some Ideas about effective teaching and assessmentIwan Syahril
Ā
The document discusses principles of effective teaching and assessment, outlining models of instruction and assessment, the importance of lesson planning and reflection, and characteristics of effective teachers such as having a sound understanding of their content, learners, and using a variety of teaching strategies like direct instruction, individual study, and indirect instruction.
The document discusses inquiry-based learning, an approach that engages students in investigating topics through questioning, problem-solving, and developing their own understanding. It provides definitions and benefits of inquiry learning, examples of different levels of inquiry from teacher-directed to student-directed, and recommends instructional strategies like simulations, projects, field studies and demonstrations. The goal is to develop lifelong learners who can build knowledge and think critically about the world.
A presentation on the topic of differentiating instruction in mixed-ability classrooms.
Resource: How to Differentiate Instruction in Mixed - Ability Classrooms, Carol Ann Tomlinson
The document defines learning environment as the combination of social and physical factors that shape the classroom experience. It discusses features of a positive classroom environment such as appreciating students and understanding their needs. The physical environment refers to how the classroom is set up, ensuring accessibility, visibility, and minimizing distractions. Key aspects of the physical environment include the size and shape of the room, furniture arrangement, and traffic patterns. The strategies for an effective physical environment aim to develop a sense of belonging, enhance competence and security, promote intellectual growth, and accommodate privacy needs.
This document discusses copyright and permission related to a publication by Leaders Excellence, Inc. It states that no part of the publication may be reproduced without prior written permission, except for brief quotations for non-commercial uses permitted by copyright law. It provides the publisher's contact information for requests for permission. The document then provides a table of contents for the publication which discusses various aspects of critical thinking across 10 chapters.
Effective teaching is more than a good lecture. In fact, it may be NO lecture at all. This presentation suggests dozens of effective structures. While many are not fully explained here, they are easily found in many locations on the internet and in the woks of Gardner, Tomlinson, Marzano, Sternberg, Costa, Solomon and others.
Here are two potential launching activity questions from the KWL chart and a discussion of how they could be used:
Question 1: How do plants get their food?
This is a fundamental question about photosynthesis that students likely have. An engaging launching activity could have students observe and compare plants that are with and without sunlight to start forming hypotheses about how plants get their food.
Question 2: What are the parts of a plant and what is their function?
Providing students with pictures or physical examples of plant parts and having them work to correctly identify and describe the function of roots, stems, leaves, flowers etc. This gets students interacting with examples to build their base knowledge before exploring these concepts in more depth. Disc
Engaging children is easy when you know how.Try to make things interesting for Kids to engage them because Every little one has his own idea of what fun looks like and it is usually different from yours.
This document discusses emerging teaching methods, specifically techniques of the investigatory method. It describes five techniques: laboratory technique, problem-solving technique, research technique, field study technique, and experimenting technique. For each technique, it provides the definition, steps involved, and the teacher and students' roles. The laboratory technique involves students actively manipulating and studying a given problem. The problem-solving technique requires students to actively solve difficulties. The research technique is an organized study to serve a purpose. The field study technique involves students investigating a situation by being part of it. Finally, the experimenting technique uses methodical trial and error to verify or establish hypotheses.
This document discusses brain-based learning and its principles. It explains that brain-based learning engages students using effective neuroscience-backed strategies. Some key principles discussed are that the brain is social, seeks meaning, processes parts and wholes simultaneously, and involves both focused attention and peripheral perception. It also outlines three instructional techniques of orchestrated immersion, relaxed alertness, and active processing. The conclusion states that brain-based learning strategies can improve student performance, retention, and test-taking abilities.
This document discusses the characteristics of effective teachers and classroom management. It identifies that effective teachers have positive expectations for students, excel at classroom management, and design lessons for mastery. It also outlines five dimensions of classroom management: psychosocial, procedural, physical, behavioral, instructional, organizational, and addressing challenging behaviors. Effective classroom management includes establishing clear rules and procedures, organizing the physical space, and creating a positive learning environment.
Problem-based learning is a student-centered pedagogy where students learn through solving open-ended problems. Students develop flexible knowledge and problem-solving skills while working in small groups with a tutor to guide research and discussion. At its core, PBL presents a problem that stimulates cognitive processes and self-directed learning as students collaborate to understand new domains and find solutions.
This document discusses problem-based learning (PBL) and problem solving as methods of teaching. It defines PBL as starting with a problem or puzzle that the learner wishes to solve. The key features of PBL are that learning is initiated by a problem based on real-world situations, learners identify resources to find solutions, and learning is active and integrated. PBL is used to develop students' skills and motivate learning. The document also outlines the inductive, deductive, and combined approaches to problem solving, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using problem solving as a teaching method.
Maria Montessori was an Italian physician and educator born in 1870 who developed the philosophical approach to educating children that bears her name. She observed that children progress through distinct developmental planes from birth to age 6, age 6 to 12, age 12 to 18, and age 18 to 24. During the first plane from birth to age 6, she noted the absorbent mind and sensitive periods where children are highly attuned to different stimuli. Her educational method aims to foster independence, observation of children, following the child's interests and needs, correcting mistakes gently, and providing a prepared learning environment. The teacher's role is to observe children and prepare materials to support their development according to Montessori's theories.
The Integrative Model is designed to help students develop a deep understanding of organized bodies of knowledge while also developing critical thinking skills. It is based on the work of Hilda Taba. Teachers begin by displaying information in a matrix. Students analyze the information to form schemas and link concepts. This results in a deeper understanding. The goals are to understand organized knowledge and use critical thinking by finding patterns and forming explanations. Teachers guide students through open-ended exploration of the data, making causal explanations, hypothesizing, and generalizing to increase understanding and motivation.
This document provides guidance for effective teaching in large classes. It discusses that while there is no set definition, most teachers consider a large class to be 50-60 students or more. The document then offers suggestions for how teachers can structure large classes, maintain discipline, develop class exercises, manage the class climate, engage in active learning techniques, improve lectures, and reduce feelings of anonymity among students. Suggestions include using small group learning, having clear rules and expectations, incorporating interactive activities, keeping students interested, getting to know students' names, and fostering bonds between students.
This document discusses active learning techniques that can be implemented in the classroom. It begins by defining active learning as any learning activity engaged in by students other than passively listening to a lecture. It then discusses various active learning techniques like think-pair-share, concept mapping, jigsaw learning, and fishbowl discussions. For each technique, it provides a brief explanation of how the technique works and its benefits. The overall purpose is to help educators learn practical active learning strategies to make their classroom more engaging and improve student learning and retention of the material.
Some Ideas about effective teaching and assessmentIwan Syahril
Ā
The document discusses principles of effective teaching and assessment, outlining models of instruction and assessment, the importance of lesson planning and reflection, and characteristics of effective teachers such as having a sound understanding of their content, learners, and using a variety of teaching strategies like direct instruction, individual study, and indirect instruction.
The document discusses inquiry-based learning, an approach that engages students in investigating topics through questioning, problem-solving, and developing their own understanding. It provides definitions and benefits of inquiry learning, examples of different levels of inquiry from teacher-directed to student-directed, and recommends instructional strategies like simulations, projects, field studies and demonstrations. The goal is to develop lifelong learners who can build knowledge and think critically about the world.
A presentation on the topic of differentiating instruction in mixed-ability classrooms.
Resource: How to Differentiate Instruction in Mixed - Ability Classrooms, Carol Ann Tomlinson
Inquiry-based learning is an educational technique based on John Dewey's philosophy that learning begins with student curiosity. It focuses on developing problem-solving and information-processing skills. Lessons begin with an essential question to spark investigation and are student-driven, with teachers as facilitators. Students work cooperatively to research questions, engage with various resources, and create a final product to demonstrate their understanding. An example compares traditional and inquiry-based approaches to teaching about rock types.
The silent way is a language teaching method developed by Caleb Cattegno that focuses on speaking, listening, reading and writing the target language. It is student-centered and uses physical objects to facilitate learning through student exploration of skills and knowledge, with errors seen as part of the learning process. The teacher remains silent and controls the lesson flow, while students stay independent and focused. Key techniques include the sound color chart, peer correction, Cuisenaire rods, words charts, self-correction gestures, and Fidel charts. Advantages include students feeling comfortable, actively participating, improving vocabulary and confidence, while disadvantages are not fully understanding materials due to lack of explanation and repetition from the silent teacher.
Inquiry-based learning focuses on having students actively investigate topics rather than passively receiving information from the teacher. It emphasizes learning how scientific knowledge is gained through evidence rather than just presenting established facts. The teacher acts as a facilitator rather than dispenser of knowledge, allowing students to take a more independent role in the learning process. Research shows that understanding science requires building new knowledge on existing concepts and that effective learning involves social interaction and student control over the learning process.
The document discusses inquiry-based learning, which is a constructivist approach where students explore topics through asking questions and investigating answers. It involves gathering information, analyzing data, generating solutions, and justifying conclusions. The teacher acts as a guide, gradually removing scaffolding as students develop skills. Inquiry learning helps develop skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, and lifelong learning. It can be applied to all disciplines by using specific methods to ensure integrity across topics. The key components of inquiry include activating prior knowledge, providing background information, defining learning outcomes, modeling project formats, and establishing topics for student research.
Collaborative learning activity involves learners working together in order to complete a task. Collaboration increases the opportunities a student has to use the target language, and thereby develop their skills in it. Employ teaching and learning strategies and collaborative activities in your classroom and be an innovative teacher.
The document provides an overview of lesson planning and task-based language teaching. It discusses the key stages of a task-based lesson including the pre-task, task, and post-task stages. In the pre-task stage, the lesson objectives and task instructions are presented to motivate and prepare students. The main task involves students using language communicatively. In the post-task stage, students review and reflect on their language use. Different types of tasks and factors affecting task difficulty are also summarized.
Unprecedented educational changes led to efforts to fundamentally change teaching practices to better serve diverse learners. PGMS adopted school-wide goals focused on interdisciplinary instruction, critical thinking, writing, engagement, vocabulary, and technology integration. Implementing these goals and UDL principles required balancing initiatives while raising standards and closing achievement gaps. Some teachers resisted changes, seeing them as extra work, but advocates shared successes to increase buy-in for inclusive practices to meet all students' needs.
Inquiry-based learning is a constructivist approach where students take ownership of their learning through exploration, questioning, and investigation of problems or ideas. It involves asking questions, gathering information, analyzing it, generating solutions, and justifying conclusions. The teacher acts as a guide rather than directly teaching content. When implemented correctly, inquiry-based learning can develop skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, and lifelong learning. It emphasizes building knowledge through a step-wise process and applying different perspectives to topics. The key components of inquiry include activating prior knowledge, providing background information, defining accountable outcomes, modeling examples, and asking questions to guide research.
Reflection and self-assessment are important for lifelong learning. Portfolios encourage reflection by allowing learners to examine their work and receive feedback over time. This helps learners set goals and identify areas for future growth. Effective reflection involves describing experiences, analyzing them, and considering how to apply lessons learned to improve practice. Digital tools like blogs and digital storytelling can support reflection by allowing learners to document their learning journey and make connections through narrative.
This document discusses the elements of inquiry-based learning. It begins by asking what the critical elements of inquiry are and provides an overview of different types of inquiry approaches like project-based learning, guided inquiry, and open inquiry. It then discusses elements that must be considered when planning inquiry-based lessons like tapping prior knowledge, generating intriguing questions, developing an investigation plan, analyzing resources, drawing conclusions, and reflecting. The document also discusses what inquiry looks like in different subject areas and emphasizes building a learning community focused on evidence, viewpoints, connections, imagination, and relevance.
The document discusses different learning theories and how they relate to instructional design and learning. It analyzes proverbs and metaphors about learning through the lenses of behavioral, cognitive, constructivist, and connectivist learning theories. Different instructional approaches are then connected to each learning theory, such as drill-and-practice for behavioral learning and case studies for social constructivism.
Three key points about active learning are:
1) It involves students being actively engaged in the learning process through activities like discussion, writing, and reflection, rather than passively receiving information from a lecture.
2) Active learning has been shown to improve retention of information and accommodate different learning styles more effectively than traditional lecturing.
3) Implementing active learning techniques in the classroom requires teachers to structure lessons around student participation and feedback, rather than just presenting material, in order to maximize genuine learning.
Three key points about active learning are:
1) It involves students being actively engaged in the learning process through activities like discussion, writing, and reflection, rather than passively receiving information from a lecture.
2) Active learning has been shown to improve retention of information and accommodate different learning styles more effectively than traditional lecturing.
3) Implementing active learning techniques in the classroom requires teachers to design activities that encourage interaction, such as think-pair-share discussions, writing assignments, and learning with partners.
The document discusses project-based learning (PBL) and compares traditional teaching methods to PBL. It notes that PBL engages students through hands-on exploration of real-world problems, allows students to investigate issues and topics through projects, and fosters abstract thinking. PBL uses authentic assessment, extends learning over time, and develops 21st century skills like collaboration. The roles of teachers and students shift, with teachers facilitating learning and students taking a more active role. PBL has roots in constructivist learning theories advocated by thinkers like Dewey, Piaget and Vygotsky.
This document discusses assessment for learning (AfL). It outlines key principles of AfL such as raising attainment levels, providing personalized and meaningful feedback, and setting achievable targets. It also notes criticisms of how AfL has been implemented in schools, such as a focus on monitoring progress rather than learning. Dylan Wiliam's five key AfL strategies are described as clarifying learning intentions, eliciting evidence of learning, providing feedback, peer learning, and self-assessment. The document advocates developing a growth mindset in learners and provides strategies for dealing with challenges.
Inquiry-based learning is an active learning method where students learn by posing questions and investigating them. It involves developing questions, gathering information, analyzing findings, and reflecting on what was learned. There are four levels of inquiry with levels 1 and 2 having more teacher guidance and levels 3 and 4 giving students more autonomy. Inquiry benefits students by allowing them to direct their own learning in a way that mimics real-world problem solving. Effective implementation requires the teacher to act as a facilitator who guides students through the inquiry process.
The document discusses how technology can enhance learning environments by allowing students to take a more active role in discovering and constructing knowledge. It describes four key learning theories supported by technology: meaningful learning through relating new concepts to prior experience, discovery learning by exploring new ideas, generative learning by mentally connecting concepts, and constructivism by actively problem-solving real-world issues through hands-on activities and simulations. Overall, the document advocates for learning approaches empowered by technology that engage students in knowledge generation rather than passive memorization.
2008 - University of Sheffield Learning & Teaching Conference - CILASS ILN Pr...cilass.slideshare
Ā
Presentation for a workshop given by the CILASS Information Literacy Network at the University of Sheffield Learning and Teaching Conference in Jan 2008.
The document provides information about inquiry-based learning and instruction. It discusses inquiry-based learning as a student-centered approach that shifts away from linear teaching methods. Students lead inquiries, not teachers, who take on a supportive role. Inquiry can be used at any grade or developmental level based on the idea that people learn through exploration. The document then provides examples of how to structure inquiry-based lessons and questions.
The document discusses the inquiry approach in social studies. It defines inquiry as a process of asking and answering questions to explore a topic. The inquiry approach is student-centered and focuses on asking questions. It encourages students to ask their own meaningful questions and helps them discover knowledge themselves rather than simply providing them with facts. Benefits include developing problem-solving skills, critical thinking, and building self-directed learning abilities. The inquiry approach has positive effects on social relationships, cognitive development, achievement, and student motivation to learn.
The document discusses essential questions and strategies for developing them. Essential questions require higher-order thinking like evaluation, synthesis, and analysis. They have no definite answers, spark curiosity, and promote deeper understanding over time. Effective essential questions engage students in real-world problem solving across disciplines and get at the heart of a subject. Teachers can help students learn by modeling question-framing and providing tools to guide inquiry.
The document discusses qualities of good teaching. It states that the most important role of a teacher is to impart a love of learning to students. A good teacher guides students, motivates them to succeed, and helps develop their self-image and skills to become leaders. Key qualities of an effective teacher include having strong subject knowledge, integrity, good communication skills, and sparking students' interest in learning.
Mini project 2-- teaching and learning theories spring 2015jistudents
Ā
Directions:
Imagine you are the principal in a school with a large influx of new teachers who have been prepared to use constructivist teaching strategies and to distrust direct instruction. Your older teachers, on the other hand, are the opposite ā they distrust the new constructivist approaches and believe strongly in ātraditional teaching.ā
Prepare a 20 minute (or longer) discussion/presentation about different theories of teaching and learning, including direct instruction. Include a PowerPoint presentation with recorded audio on the strengths and weaknesses of each of the learning perspectives discussed in this chapter ābehavioral, cognitive, and constructivist. Be sure to discuss the situations for which the behavioral approach is best. Give at least one example for each approach. Make sure that during your presentation, you:
Consider the pros and cons of direct instruction
Contrast direct instruction with a constructivist approach to teaching
Examine under what situations each approach is appropriate
Propose and defend a balanced approach to teaching.
This is a wonderful information and cite the author if you are using it in your presentation. Thank you for checking it out.
Action research is a three-step process involving planning, action, and fact-finding about the results. It involves systematically studying real classroom situations with the goal of understanding and improving instruction. Teachers observe problems in their practice and plan interventions. The process includes identifying a problem, reviewing existing knowledge, developing hypotheses, gathering data, analyzing results, and interpreting findings to inform practice through an action plan. The goal is for practitioners to scientifically study problems to guide decisions and actions.
20110816 learning files questioning the questionslievle
Ā
The learning files are an initiative of the Zambian National CPD Task Team. They are written by and for the Zambian Colleges of Education and deal with topics that concern education in general and education in colleges more specifically. The files give a mixture of literature, good practices, self-testing and tips and tricks to tackle a certain problem. Some guidance and ideas on how to do CPD on this topic are included. In this case: questioning the questions.
Self-Regulated Learning and Problem-Solving SuccessJenny Ankenbauer
Ā
Presentation on self-regulated learning and expert learner's use of time during a problem-solving event.
Guided questions for instructors to activate self-regulated learning are included. on slide 29.
Elaboration on topic via speaker notes with download. Extension activity presented on slide 33 to facilitate learning transfer of SRL theory to practice.
Similar to Problem based and_inquiry_based21_1_ (20)
The document discusses a study that explored teaching pragmatics to 9-year-old Japanese EFL students through dialogic intervention using visual narratives. Three students received three lessons over six weeks using three English picture books, focusing on levels of politeness, requests, and sociopragmatically appropriate behaviors. Assessment included formality judgment tasks, discourse completion tasks, and student-generated visual tasks. Video data showed that repeated visual assistance from the teacher and peers led to enhanced pragmatic awareness, though limited English exposure made it difficult for students to produce new expressions or match language to context appropriately during instruction.
This manuscript describes a two-phase process to redesign a university graduate college's program evaluation measures and methods. In phase one, the team conducted a needs analysis through literature review, focus groups, and interviews. Based on stakeholder feedback, they redesigned the evaluation instruments and conducted alpha testing. In phase two, they revised the instruments based on alpha testing data and conducted beta testing with over 2,000 students. The final redesigned evaluation system replaces a paper exit questionnaire with multi-event, online assessments aligned with organizational goals and reporting needs. It provides longitudinal data to support program improvement at the graduate college and department levels.
This chapter introduces the key questions addressed in the book regarding the role of emotions in educational change, teaching, teacher education, and leadership. It notes that while teacher emotions have increasingly become an important topic, there are relatively few books focused specifically on emotions in education. The book aims to contribute new understandings on how emotions affect teachers' work and lives, the implications for managing educational change and school improvement, and how teacher education can address emotions. It does so through original chapters from international scholars responding to five questions on the central themes and impact of teacher emotions.
This study examined the use of communication strategies by ESL learners during a game-based activity and the influence of teacher and student beliefs on strategy use and fluency development. Video recordings were analyzed of students playing a spot-the-difference game in pairs to identify their strategy use. Interviews with teachers and students explored their beliefs about effective strategies. The results revealed hesitation was a commonly used and approved strategy and that teacher beliefs influenced student strategy use and fluency levels.
This document discusses various aspects of effective classroom management. It defines classroom management as establishing discipline, being prepared, motivating students, and providing a safe learning environment. Good classroom management varies between teachers based on their style, personality, and student population. It is important for teacher satisfaction and helping students cooperate. Principles include minimizing disruptions while teaching self-management. Techniques involve focusing attention, moving around, and engaging students. Transition time between activities should be minimized to maximize engagement. Awareness of what is happening, known as "withitness," is also important. Rules and communicating clear expectations help establish control. Understanding behavior functions can inform appropriate responses to misbehavior.
1. A scientific paper is a published report describing original research results that must adhere to specific formatting and publication guidelines.
2. To be considered a valid primary publication, a paper must be the first disclosure of research, provide sufficient experimental details, be essentially permanent, and be accessible to the scientific community.
3. Most scientific papers follow the IMRAD structure of Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion, though some fields use variations and exceptions exist. The goal is to communicate research findings in a clear, uniform manner.
This document provides guidance on effective lesson planning for teachers. It discusses the importance of planning, identifying goals and standards, assessing students, and incorporating best practices. An effective lesson plan includes objectives, materials, introduction, presentation, practice, evaluation, and closure. Detailed plans are important for guiding instruction and supporting substitute teachers.
The document discusses how to evaluate information sources for reliability. It introduces CARRDS, a tool for evaluating credibility, accuracy, reliability, relevance, date, source, and scope/purpose of information. Questions are provided for each element of CARRDS to help determine if a source is trustworthy enough to be used. The document also discusses how to use domain suffixes to gauge the validity and potential bias of a source. Sources like .edu and .gov are generally reliable while .com may have built-in bias and .org could be biased towards the organization.
This document discusses moving beyond multiple-choice questions in interactive e-assessment. It begins with an introduction to assessment types and a simple assessment model. It then provides examples of interactive e-assessment tools and techniques, such as diagnostic quizzes, Java applets, simulations, virtual worlds, and role-plays. Finally, it speculates on future types of assessment that may involve more immersive and authentic environments, and measure higher-order skills like problem-solving.
Reflective writing involves thoughtful analysis of teaching experiences to improve future practice. It requires teachers to examine how experiences inform their practice, not just describe actions. Reflective thinking allows consideration of how similar situations may be approached differently. Reflection overlaps with analysis by asking why certain outcomes occurred, and involves self-assessment of past lessons to guide future instruction. When reflecting, teachers should focus on interpreting student performance to enhance teaching, and ask what was and was not known about students and their learning.
This document discusses the importance of imagination in curriculum and teaching. It argues that human learning is an imaginative activity, yet most high school curricula are lacking in imaginative material and focus too heavily on standardized tests. This document proposes incorporating more imagination into daily teaching activities and using creative assessment techniques that evaluate students based on their abilities rather than test scores alone. It suggests understanding how teenagers think and feel before designing curricula or assessments. Finally, it provides some examples of imagination activities that could be included, such as student-generated learning units, daydreaming, oral traditions, and drama.
This document is a dissertation proposal submitted by Takayuki Nakanishi to Temple University's Graduate Board in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Doctor of Education degree. The purpose of the proposed study is to conduct a meta-analysis of existing research on extensive reading to investigate the overall effectiveness of extensive reading and whether factors like learners' ages and length of the extensive reading program impact outcomes. The meta-analysis will analyze data from group comparison studies that included control groups and pre-post studies that only included experimental groups. The proposed dissertation will contribute to understanding the trends shown in past extensive reading research and guiding future research directions.
This document provides an overview of different research methods used in education research, including both quantitative and qualitative approaches. It discusses basic, applied, evaluation, and action research. It also covers descriptive research, correlational research, causal-comparative research, experimental research, and ethical considerations related to research methods and instruments. Key points include different types of sampling, challenges to sampling, considerations for research instruments, and threats to internal and external validity for experimental designs.
This document provides a critical review of research on the effects of computer-generated feedback, known as automated writing evaluation (AWE), on the quality of students' writing. It finds that while AWE feedback has a modest positive effect on the quality of texts students produce using AWE programs, there is little evidence it transfers to broader improvements in writing proficiency. It identifies factors like the paucity of research, mixed findings, heterogeneous participants and designs, and some methodological issues that limit conclusions about AWE's effectiveness. It calls for more classroom-integrated research emphasizing how AWE can support writing instruction.
This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal. It discusses what constitutes research and outlines the typical structure and components of a research proposal, including an introduction with the problem statement and objectives, a literature review, research questions or hypotheses, research design and methodology, data collection and analysis plans, and a timeline. It also covers defining the population and sampling, developing and validating instruments, and formatting references. The goal is to present the key elements in a research proposal to systematically plan and design a research study.
The document provides guidance on writing a research proposal and completing a RC/REG (Research Committee/Registration) form for registering a research degree at the University of Sunderland. It discusses the key components of an effective research proposal, including aims, rationale, methodology, timeline, and original contribution. It also outlines the registration process, which involves submitting the RC/REG form and presenting the research plan at a registration meeting with supervisors and reviewers. The goal of the meeting is to ensure the proposed research is viable, significant, and can be completed within the allotted time period.
This document provides guidance on writing a research paper, including the importance of publication for scientific progress. It discusses various aspects of writing a paper such as choosing a publication type, structuring the paper, selecting results to include, writing the title, determining authorship, and drafting the abstract. Key recommendations include identifying the paper's aim early, waiting until results are finalized before writing, and communicating the work in a clear manner to ensure it is read and understood.
The document provides guidance on developing a competitive CAREER proposal for submission to the National Science Foundation (NSF). It discusses key elements of a successful CAREER proposal including developing a strategic research plan, choosing an appropriate research topic, finding the right program at NSF, and writing an effective summary. The workshop emphasizes that the CAREER award is for career development, not solely research, and proposals must clearly articulate research and education objectives and approaches. It also provides dos and don'ts for proposal writing and highlights important questions for potential applicants.
This document discusses qualitative research methods, specifically participant observation. It provides an overview of qualitative research approaches, contrasting them with quantitative methods. The core activities of qualitative research are then examined, including literature reviews, the researcher's role, participant selection, data collection settings, analysis, and data saturation. Common qualitative methods like ethnography, grounded theory, and phenomenology are also summarized. The document concludes by focusing on participant observation as a key data collection technique in qualitative research.
This document provides an overview of research methodology and the scientific method. It discusses the key steps in the scientific method including making observations, developing questions and hypotheses, conducting experiments to collect data, analyzing the data, and drawing conclusions. The document also provides examples to illustrate concepts like the difference between accuracy and reliability in measurement. The overall goal is to help students develop an understanding of fundamental research methodology principles.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
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Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
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Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
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In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
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(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin šš¤š¤š„°
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
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The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
2. Inquiry and Problem BasedInquiry and Problem Based
LearningLearning
āāIn the broad context of general education,In the broad context of general education,
inquiry or problem-based learning areinquiry or problem-based learning are
more generally used terminologies thanmore generally used terminologies than
problem solving, but the fundamentalproblem solving, but the fundamental
aspects of problem solving and inquiry-aspects of problem solving and inquiry-
based learning are analogousā (Doolittle &based learning are analogousā (Doolittle &
Camp, 2003)Camp, 2003)
4. Inquiry-Based LearningInquiry-Based Learning
āāInquiry-based learning has been praised forInquiry-based learning has been praised for
requiring the student to do more than just reportrequiring the student to do more than just report
on a topic. The student must go beyond theon a topic. The student must go beyond the
simple memorization of facts and regurgitation ofsimple memorization of facts and regurgitation of
information and into the realm of creating newinformation and into the realm of creating new
and deeper understanding through identificationand deeper understanding through identification
and subsequent application of solutions to aand subsequent application of solutions to a
specific topic. (Parr & Edwards, 2004)specific topic. (Parr & Edwards, 2004)
5. Inquiry-Based LearningInquiry-Based Learning
"For students, this method of learning ends the listen-"For students, this method of learning ends the listen-
to-learn paradigm of the classroom and gives themto-learn paradigm of the classroom and gives them
real and authentic goal challenges to overcomeā¦real and authentic goal challenges to overcomeā¦
For the teacher, inquiry-based education ends theirFor the teacher, inquiry-based education ends their
paradigm of talking to teach and recasts them in theparadigm of talking to teach and recasts them in the
role of a colleague and mentor engaged in the samerole of a colleague and mentor engaged in the same
quest as the other younger learners around."quest as the other younger learners around."
((
http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/DVE/FusionDVE/html/inquiry_based_education.htmlhttp://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/DVE/FusionDVE/html/inquiry_based_education.html
))
7. IBL is a Non-Linear ProcessIBL is a Non-Linear Process
AskAsk
ļ®
Define and describe the problem, and knowledge baseDefine and describe the problem, and knowledge base
InvestigateInvestigate
ļ®
Researching, studying, crafting experiments, observingResearching, studying, crafting experiments, observing
ļ®
Focus questions may change because new information is discoveredFocus questions may change because new information is discovered
CreateCreate
ļ®
Synthesize meaning, create new knowledgeSynthesize meaning, create new knowledge
DiscussDiscuss
ļ®
Share new knowledge/data, community building, give knowledgeShare new knowledge/data, community building, give knowledge
relevance in societyrelevance in society
ReflectReflect
ļ®
Step Back, evaluate process, make observations, re-evaluate decisionsStep Back, evaluate process, make observations, re-evaluate decisions
ļ®
Was the answer found? And so begins another circle of inquiryWas the answer found? And so begins another circle of inquiry
8. Inquiry vs. Traditional LearningInquiry vs. Traditional Learning
EnvironmentsEnvironments
InquiryInquiry
ļ®
ConstructivismConstructivism
ļ®
Active engagementActive engagement
ļ®
HeightenedHeightened
ResponsibilityResponsibility
ļ®
Problem SolverProblem Solver
ļ®
Process OrientedProcess Oriented
ļ®
Guided/FacilitatedGuided/Facilitated
TraditionalTraditional
ļ®
BehaviorismBehaviorism
ļ®
PassivePassive
ļ®
DecreasedDecreased
ResponsibilityResponsibility
ļ®
Direction FollowerDirection Follower
ļ®
Product OrientedProduct Oriented
ļ®
Directed/TransmittedDirected/Transmitted
9. Characteristics of Inquiry-BasedCharacteristics of Inquiry-Based
Learning (IBL)Learning (IBL)
Learn how to gather and make sense ofLearn how to gather and make sense of
datadata
Seeking information by asking questionsSeeking information by asking questions
Seeking appropriate resolutions to issuesSeeking appropriate resolutions to issues
Gain skills to facilitate life long informationGain skills to facilitate life long information
gathering behaviorsgathering behaviors
Cognitive puzzlement is used as aCognitive puzzlement is used as a
stimulus for learningstimulus for learning
12. Inquiry-Based LearningInquiry-Based Learning
Inquiry Involves:Inquiry Involves:
1.1. Individual or Collective ActivitiesIndividual or Collective Activities
2.2. Investigate Phenomena (real/virtual)Investigate Phenomena (real/virtual)
3.3. Draw and Justify ConclusionsDraw and Justify Conclusions
4.4. Self-directed Investigatory ActivitySelf-directed Investigatory Activity
5.5. Prompted and Unprompted QuestionPrompted and Unprompted Question
DevelopmentDevelopment
6.6. Identifying Cause and EffectIdentifying Cause and Effect
7.7. Consideration of AlternativeConsideration of Alternative
ExplanationsExplanations
13. Inquiry-Based LearningInquiry-Based Learning
Students Involved in IBL Believe:Students Involved in IBL Believe:
1.1. They have the right to understand issuesThey have the right to understand issues
2.2. They have the right to develop solutionsThey have the right to develop solutions
3.3. They can analyze problemsThey can analyze problems
4.4. That solutions come from their analysisThat solutions come from their analysis
5.5. They are capable of that analysisThey are capable of that analysis
6.6. They can acquire knowledge they desire fromThey can acquire knowledge they desire from
any domainany domain
7.7. That knowledge is empoweringThat knowledge is empowering
14. Goals ofGoals of
Inquiry-Based LearningInquiry-Based Learning
Develop scientific reasoning abilitiesDevelop scientific reasoning abilities
Create skills to facilitate life long learningCreate skills to facilitate life long learning
habits, via inquiryhabits, via inquiry
Foster critical thinking and creativity inFoster critical thinking and creativity in
novel situationsnovel situations
15. Benefits of IBLBenefits of IBL
Negative correlation between teacher-Negative correlation between teacher-
centered learning and studentcentered learning and student
achievement in scienceachievement in science
Information used in process is betterInformation used in process is better
remembered than traditional teachingremembered than traditional teaching
formatformat
16. Drawbacks to Pure Inquiry-BasedDrawbacks to Pure Inquiry-Based
Learning FormatsLearning Formats
Too much freedom may lead students toToo much freedom may lead students to
fail to acquire to-be-learned material (goal)fail to acquire to-be-learned material (goal)
Pure Inquiry, fails to integrate material asPure Inquiry, fails to integrate material as
well as Guided Inquiry Learningwell as Guided Inquiry Learning
Donāt transfer problem solving rules toDonāt transfer problem solving rules to
new problems as well as Guided Inquirynew problems as well as Guided Inquiry
LearnersLearners
17. Inquiry-Based LearningInquiry-Based Learning
ConclusionsConclusions
Guidance is needed to keep discussionsGuidance is needed to keep discussions
focused on educational goalsfocused on educational goals
Constructivist teaching should be teachingConstructivist teaching should be teaching
by thinking, not restricted toby thinking, not restricted to doingdoing
Students need freedom to becomeStudents need freedom to become
cognitively active, and guidance to ensurecognitively active, and guidance to ensure
useful knowledge constructionuseful knowledge construction
Feedback is essential to learnerFeedback is essential to learner
developmentdevelopment
18. Problem Based LearningProblem Based Learning
āāWhen we are in a learning environment, thereWhen we are in a learning environment, there
is some stimulus or goal for learning, theis some stimulus or goal for learning, the
learner has a purpose for being there. Thatlearner has a purpose for being there. That
goal is not only the stimulus for learning, but itgoal is not only the stimulus for learning, but it
is a primary factor in determining what theis a primary factor in determining what the
learner attends toā¦ and, basically, whatlearner attends toā¦ and, basically, what
understanding is eventually constructed.āunderstanding is eventually constructed.ā
(Savery & Duffy, 2001)(Savery & Duffy, 2001)
19. Problem-Based LearningProblem-Based Learning
āāCognitive conflict or puzzlement is theCognitive conflict or puzzlement is the
stimulus for learning and determines thestimulus for learning and determines the
organization and nature of what isorganization and nature of what is
learnedā (Savery & Duffy, 2001)learnedā (Savery & Duffy, 2001)
20. Problem-Based Learning:Problem-Based Learning:
Creating a Powerful LearningCreating a Powerful Learning
EnvironmentEnvironment
1.1. Cumulative Knowledge UseCumulative Knowledge Use
2.2. Goal Oriented Knowledge AcquisitionGoal Oriented Knowledge Acquisition
3.3. Balance of Self-Discovery & DirectedBalance of Self-Discovery & Directed
InstructionInstruction
4.4. Represent Authentic Real-Life ContextRepresent Authentic Real-Life Context
5.5. Has Personal Meaning for LearnersHas Personal Meaning for Learners
6.6. Allows for Social Interaction Between LearnersAllows for Social Interaction Between Learners
7.7. Opportunities to Acquire General CriticalOpportunities to Acquire General Critical
Thinking SkillsThinking Skills
21. Six Characteristics of PBLSix Characteristics of PBL
1.1. Student Centered Learning EnvironmentsStudent Centered Learning Environments
2.2. Learning in Small Student GroupsLearning in Small Student Groups
3.3. Teacher as Facilitator or GuideTeacher as Facilitator or Guide
4.4. Work with Authentic ProblemsWork with Authentic Problems
ā¢
Students are Presented with Problem Before theyStudents are Presented with Problem Before they
have Studied/Prepared to Solve ithave Studied/Prepared to Solve it
1.1. Problems are used as ātoolsā to AcquireProblems are used as ātoolsā to Acquire
Problem Solving SkillsProblem Solving Skills
2.2. New Information is Acquired through Self-New Information is Acquired through Self-
Directed LearningDirected Learning
22. Instructional Principles PBLInstructional Principles PBL
1. Anchor all learning activities to a larger task1. Anchor all learning activities to a larger task
2. Develop ownership of the task2. Develop ownership of the task
-we learn so we can function more effectively in the world-we learn so we can function more effectively in the world
3. Design an authentic task3. Design an authentic task
-should be at the same cognitive level as the subjects-should be at the same cognitive level as the subjects
-donāt want them to study/memorize facts-donāt want them to study/memorize facts
-want them to engage in scientific discourse/problem-want them to engage in scientific discourse/problem
solvingsolving
4. Design task/learning environment to match the complexity of4. Design task/learning environment to match the complexity of
the desired environment they would have in realitythe desired environment they would have in reality
-context specific-context specific
23. Instructional Principles PBL (Conāt)Instructional Principles PBL (Conāt)
5. Develop ownership of the Process used for solution5. Develop ownership of the Process used for solution
-allowing students to direct the process-allowing students to direct the process
-illuminate potential effects of the focus problem to their lives-illuminate potential effects of the focus problem to their lives
-want authentic thinking/problem solving-want authentic thinking/problem solving
6. Design learning environment to support/challenge learnerās thinking6. Design learning environment to support/challenge learnerās thinking
-teacher is consultant and coach-teacher is consultant and coach
-teacher must not take-over thinking, and must inquire at the-teacher must not take-over thinking, and must inquire at the
āleading edgeā of the studentās thinking (Fosnot, 1989)āleading edgeā of the studentās thinking (Fosnot, 1989)
-ZPD Vygotsky (1978) is at nature of the student teacher-ZPD Vygotsky (1978) is at nature of the student teacher
interactionsinteractions
7. Encourage testing ideas against alternative views/contexts7. Encourage testing ideas against alternative views/contexts
24. Goals of PBLGoals of PBL
Possess an Organized and FlexiblePossess an Organized and Flexible
Knowledge BaseKnowledge Base
Master Skills for Applying Knowledge toMaster Skills for Applying Knowledge to
ProblemsProblems
Create Powerful Learning EnvironmentCreate Powerful Learning Environment
Develop Life-Long Self-Directed LearnersDevelop Life-Long Self-Directed Learners
Increase Knowledge Retention Over TimeIncrease Knowledge Retention Over Time
26. PBL TestingPBL Testing
Learners Should be Evaluated by anLearners Should be Evaluated by an
Instrument that is Based in Real LifeInstrument that is Based in Real Life
Testing Should Require Learners to ApplyTesting Should Require Learners to Apply
their Knowledge while Using Commonlytheir Knowledge while Using Commonly
Needed Problem-Solving SkillsNeeded Problem-Solving Skills
27. Positive Results of PBLPositive Results of PBL
PBL Learners are Better Able to ApplyPBL Learners are Better Able to Apply
their Knowledge:their Knowledge:
ļ®
Show Better Organization of KnowledgeShow Better Organization of Knowledge
Learnerās Skills at all Levels of ExpertiseLearnerās Skills at all Levels of Expertise
are Positively affected by PBLare Positively affected by PBL
Retention Period is Better for PBLRetention Period is Better for PBL
ļ®
Emphasis on Elaboration is Known toEmphasis on Elaboration is Known to
Increase Declarative RecallIncrease Declarative Recall
28. Mixed Results of PBLMixed Results of PBL
Regarding the Acquisition of Amounts ofRegarding the Acquisition of Amounts of
Knowledge:Knowledge:
ļ®
Conventional Curriculum is more Efficient atConventional Curriculum is more Efficient at
Learning Knowledge.Learning Knowledge.
ļ®
PBL is more Efficient at IntegratingPBL is more Efficient at Integrating
Information, and Gaining Skills in the form ofInformation, and Gaining Skills in the form of
Experience.Experience.