This document discusses the determinants of curriculum. It defines curriculum and lists its key components like objectives, content, methods, materials, and assessment. It then explains that the curriculum is influenced by both internal and external factors. Internally, factors include acceptance by teachers and administrators, leadership, resources, and student acceptance. Externally, the curriculum is shaped by sociopolitical forces, technological advances, educational policies, society's expectations, feedback from employers, and international standards. The document maintains that curriculum planners must consider all these influencing factors for successful curriculum design and implementation.
The philosophical basis of education emphasizes that philosophy is the end and education is the means to achieve that end. In other words, philosophy determines the goal of life and education tries to achieve the goal through its aims and curriculum.
The philosophical basis of education emphasizes that philosophy is the end and education is the means to achieve that end. In other words, philosophy determines the goal of life and education tries to achieve the goal through its aims and curriculum.
A curriculum Plan is the advance arrangement of learning opportunities for a particular population of learners.
Curriculum guide is a written curriculum.
Curriculum Planning is the process whereby the arrangement of curriculum plans or learning opportunities are created.
NON-SCIENTIFIC MODELS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT SANA FATIMA
NON-SCIENTIFIC MODELS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT:
GLATTHORN’S MODEL
NON-SCIENTIFIC MODELS:
1. Are Flexible and less structured without predetermined objectives to guide the teaching-learning process. It considers that the curriculum evolves rather than being planned precisely.
2. Based on the progressive philosophy where the needs and interests of individual learners and the needs of the society are the main concerns
3. Give recognition to the importance of music, arts, literature, health education & humanities.
4. The approaches in this category are humanistic and reconceptualist as this category prefers child centered and problem centered designs
• One of the most Recognized Nontechnical/Nonscientific Models is Allan Glatthorn’s model: Naturalistic Model
Glatthorn Model contains the following eight steps:
1. Assess the alternatives:
2. Stake out the territory:
3. Develop a constituency:
4, Build the knowledge base:
5. Block, in the Unit:
6. Plan quality learning experiences:
7. Develop the course examination:
8. Developing the learning scenarios:
Teachers use curricula when trying to see what to teach to students and when, as well as what the rubrics should be, what kind of worksheets and teacher worksheets they should make, among other things.
It is actually up to the teachers themselves how these rubrics should be made, how these worksheets should be made and taught; it's all up to the teachers.
Determinants of curriculum are the factors that affect the process of assessing needs, formulating objectives and developing instructional opportunities and evaluations.
Continuous and Comprehensive EvaluationS. Raj Kumar
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation(CCE) refers to a system of school-based evaluation of students that covers all aspects of students’ development.
It is a developmental process 0f assessment which emphasizes on two fold objectives.
Educational planning
Educational planning, is the application of rational, systematic analysis to the process of educational development with the aim of making education more effective and efficient in responding to the needs and goals of its students and society.
A curriculum Plan is the advance arrangement of learning opportunities for a particular population of learners.
Curriculum guide is a written curriculum.
Curriculum Planning is the process whereby the arrangement of curriculum plans or learning opportunities are created.
NON-SCIENTIFIC MODELS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT SANA FATIMA
NON-SCIENTIFIC MODELS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT:
GLATTHORN’S MODEL
NON-SCIENTIFIC MODELS:
1. Are Flexible and less structured without predetermined objectives to guide the teaching-learning process. It considers that the curriculum evolves rather than being planned precisely.
2. Based on the progressive philosophy where the needs and interests of individual learners and the needs of the society are the main concerns
3. Give recognition to the importance of music, arts, literature, health education & humanities.
4. The approaches in this category are humanistic and reconceptualist as this category prefers child centered and problem centered designs
• One of the most Recognized Nontechnical/Nonscientific Models is Allan Glatthorn’s model: Naturalistic Model
Glatthorn Model contains the following eight steps:
1. Assess the alternatives:
2. Stake out the territory:
3. Develop a constituency:
4, Build the knowledge base:
5. Block, in the Unit:
6. Plan quality learning experiences:
7. Develop the course examination:
8. Developing the learning scenarios:
Teachers use curricula when trying to see what to teach to students and when, as well as what the rubrics should be, what kind of worksheets and teacher worksheets they should make, among other things.
It is actually up to the teachers themselves how these rubrics should be made, how these worksheets should be made and taught; it's all up to the teachers.
Determinants of curriculum are the factors that affect the process of assessing needs, formulating objectives and developing instructional opportunities and evaluations.
Continuous and Comprehensive EvaluationS. Raj Kumar
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation(CCE) refers to a system of school-based evaluation of students that covers all aspects of students’ development.
It is a developmental process 0f assessment which emphasizes on two fold objectives.
Educational planning
Educational planning, is the application of rational, systematic analysis to the process of educational development with the aim of making education more effective and efficient in responding to the needs and goals of its students and society.
Factors & Forces Influencing on Curriculum Development.pptxSobiaAlvi
Outline
1. Factors influencing on curriculum Development
What is Curriculum?
Definitions of Curriculum
Curriculum Development
Factors affecting curriculum Development
2. Forces influencing curriculum development
Forces Influencing Curriculum Development
Internal Forces
External Forces
References
Public School Curriculum What's Being Taught and Why It MattersCSSGI
The Lay of learning structure in this context is provided by the public school system and the education curriculum. It explains what is taught in classes from the class K, through twelfth grade, and what subject, topic, and skills are of it. But who is the teacher or principal, the data behind them, which enters a public-school curriculum? And in what capacity does it serve?
Curriculum change/ Curriculum Change Process / Issues in Curriculum Change HennaAnsari
Curriculum Change
Concept of Change
Curriculum change or Revision
Forces Driving Changes
Drivers for curriculum change
Factors influencing the Change in Curriculum
Need to Change the Curriculum
Major Types of Curriculum Change
Process of Curriculum change
Stage of curriculum change Process
Various issues in Curriculum change
A curriculum is the instructional and the educative programme by following which the pupils achieve their goals, ideals and aspirations of life. It is curriculum through which the general aims of a school education receive concrete expression
PART IV · Administration of Programs and Services Table 13.docxherbertwilson5999
PART IV · Administration of Programs and Services
Table 13-2 Steps in Curriculum Development
I. Planning the Curriculum
l. Who assigns committee members?
2. What groups are represented within the committee?
3. Who determines priorities. standards, competencies, etc.?
4. How do we identify needs, problems, issues, etc.?
5. Who formulates goals and objectives? What type of goals, objectives?
II. Implementing the Curriculum
l . Who defines what knowledge is most important?
2. Who decides on instructional materials and media?
3. Who evaluates teachers? What measurement criteria ore used?
4. Who decides how teachers will be prepared and trained for the program?
5. Who determines how much money/resources will be made available?
Ill. Evaluating the Curriculum
l . Who decides how the curriculum will be evaluated?
2. I,A/ho decides on assessment procedures? Tests? And how ore they to be used?
3. Have our goals and objectives been addressed in the evaluation?
4. Does the program work? To what extent? How can it be improved?
5. Who is responsible for reporting the results? To whom?
6. Do we wish to make comparisons or judgments about the program? Why? Why not?
during the early period and set the stage for the modern
period. 19 Tyler proposed a number of steps in planning
a curriculum, outlined in Figure 13-1, starting with the
goals of the school. These goals would be selected on
the basis of what he called sources of information about
important aspects of contemporary life, subject matter,
and the needs and interests of learners. By analyzing
changing society, at the local, state, or national level, it
could be determined what goals (and also what subject
matter) were most important. By consulting with sub-
ject specialists (as well as teachers), helpful decisions
could be determined about concepts, skills, and tasks to
be taught in the various subjects (reading, math, science,
etc.). By identifying the needs and interests of students,
a beginning point in content, methods, and materials
could be determined. (Hence, Tyler helped popularize
the concept of a needs assessment study.)
Tyler then suggested that the school staff, possibly
organized as a curriculum committee, screen the rec-
ommended goals according to the school's (or school
1"Tyler, Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction.
district's) philosophy and beliefs about psychology
learning {or what some might call learning theory .
What resulted from this screening process would be
instructional objectives, more specific than the schoor~
goals and designed for classroom use.
Tyler then proceeded to the selection of learning
experiences that would allow the attainment of obje.::-
tives. Learning experiences would take into account the
developmental stage of the learners, such as their age
and abilities, and consider the learners' background
(present attainments), external environment (classroom
and school), and what t.
3. Definition
Modalior commission :-
“Curriculum includes all
the learner’s experiences
in or outside that are
included in a program
which has been devised
to help him develop
physically, emotionally,
socially, spiritually and
morally.”
4. Definition
A statement or written description of
activities of a given programme.
A simple way of considering the
curriculum is to see in terms of four facets:
Content, methods, purposes and
evaluation.
PJ Hills (1982)
5. Purpose of curriculum
To guide teacher and learner
To maintain the standard of service,
education and research
To fulfill the need of the people
To protect society from harm
6. Components of curriculum
Objectives of the course/programme
Course contents
Methods
Materials
Time and place
Methods of assessment
7. Curriculum Determinants
The curriculum is dynamic & will change, as the
influencing forces will differ with the time, like
changes in knowledge, changes in concepts of the
learner and the learning process, changes in school
conditions &the widening of expectations of the role
of the society.
The sociopolitical & economical situations; human
& material resources; the advancement in science
& technology; the external & internal support
received, and the like will always have power over
the curriculum & hence called the curriculum
determinants
8. Curriculum determinants includes all those
factors that influence in some way or other the
process of curriculum making as well as the
implementation of curriculum.
The influencing factors could have its origin in:
Philosophy
Psychology
Science
Economics
Sociology
Politics
10. A curriculum planner should take into
account of all those power factors existing
within and outside the school system that
may influence the curriculum design as well
as its implementation.
11. Factors influence the curriculum
design/plan/implementation such as follows:
Power outside the System; the society is both a
source and influence whereby the school develops
its objectives and curriculum. Some of the forces/
factors that exert a profound influence on
curriculum are as follows:
Sociopolitical Forces: : Democratic ideals of
pluralistic society reflected as social equity and
justice in terms of policies on “equity of opportunity;”
“regional balance”, “inclusiveness” and “self
determination”, etc will influence the curriculum.
12. Cont. Scientific and Technological Development: The
state of advancement in scientific knowledge and
access to modern technology affects not only the
nature of curriculum but also the implementation
of curriculum through its capability to use
different educational technology.
Educational policy: Educational policy and
regulation as the national and university level is
the major factor that influences the type of
programme offered in a country as well as the
nature of the curriculum
13. Cont…
Educational Philosophy : In case of
professional education, it is shaped both by the
social environment and by the stage of
development of professionals( the function of
professional association and the council)
delivering the service.
Academic Support from Other Disciplines: The
support from other discipline is decisive factor in
determining which subject should be the part of
core curriculum and what content should it cover.
Similarly, the interest of particular academic
discipline is also important factor to considered.
14. Cont…
The Society: The demand by the local community,
parents, clients and authorities as what capabilities are
expected in the students are seen as the external
influencing factors. Hence the expectations of society,
professions, potential employers need to be
considered.
The Political Commitment : No educational system
can escape from the political community in which
operates. Only with the support from the people at the
policy making level, the education system can include
the changes it sought to bring in the community.
Further, the university’s commitment to
internationalization of curriculum is an important factor.
15. Cont…
Feedback from Hiring Agencies: The feedback
from the supervisors of the graduates in terms of
their strength and weakness as human resources
necessitates curriculum review.
International community: As the world has
become a global village today, it is demanded
that the students from one country get admission
to educational institutions easily. Hence both the
educational policy and educational standard of
one country are needed to be at par with other
country.
16. Cont.
Power within the System: for the successful
implementation of the curriculum it is vital for
both the curriculum planners as well as the
implementers to recognize the influencing
factors existing within the system and use it for
their benefits.
Acceptance of the Curriculum:The curriculum
has to be well understood and accepted both by
the educational administrator as well as the
teachers who are responsible to implement it as
necessary change, and they should be ready to
try it out.
17. Cont…
In order to facilitate the acceptance the following
can be done.
Involve the institutional head as well as
teacher in curriculum development process.
Involve teachers in the developing the
evaluation system( plan & the measurement
tool)
Involve the students in review. In fact students’
feedback should always be
considered in reviewing the curriculum
18. Cont…
Effectiveness of the educational Leadership:
The principal/ campus chief’s capacity to act as
change agent plays an important role in the
curriculum review and effective implementation
of the curriculum.
Support from Higher Authority : It includes
moral support as well as materialistic and logistic
support received in the curriculum development
as well as in its implementation.
19. Cont…
Faculty Resources: The success of
implementing curriculum depends upon the
adequacy and the capabilities of teachers in
terms of number and the knowledge, skills and
attitude they possess.
The Social Climate of the School: This is
called organizational health and is manifested in
terms of the morale of teachers and other staff
within that institution. If the morale is high any
innovation will be accepted more easily.
20. Cont…
The status of Learning Resources: This include
physical set up like classroom, boarding facilities,
library common room etc. ; educational equipments
( types, number and their maintenance) ;text book
and reference material; and other logistics.
Students Acceptance of the Curriculum: If
students find that the learning opportunities planned
for them infeasible in terms of translating into the
reality, it will be compel the curricular planners as
well as the implementers to revise them. Also, drop
out rate of the students strongly reflects the
acceptance of the programme/ curriculum by the
students.
21. Cont…
Budgetary State: Definite financial sources
and their strong commitment to support the
programme, and farsighted financial plan
leading to self- sufficiency in future is needed
for the sustenance of the curriculum or
educational programme planned.
Administrative Support : Each and every
person working within the educational
institution contribute significantly one way or
other in smooth running of the programme.
22.
23. References
Chaube S.P.(2002)Foundations of education (2nd
edi)New Delhi:
Vikas publishing house pvt. Ltd india
Iwasiw C.L. & Goldenberg D.(2010) Curriculum development in
nursing education (2nd
edi.) New Delhi: Jones and bartlett pvt
ltd india
Neeraja KP.(2003)Textbook of education (1st
edi.)NewDelhi:Jaypee
brothers medical publishers (p) Ltd
Singh .,(2012) Essentials of education(2nd
edi.) Kathmandu: J B
singh Hisi offset printers pvt Ltd
Thappa B.(2003) Nursing education( 1st
edi) New Delhi: Jaypee
brothers medical publishers (p) Ltd
SharmaS.(2014) Curriculum and its determinants Retrieved
from:http://www.slideshare.net/.../