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In present work, a compressor configuration is taken from literature which will be studied for aspect ratio (ratio between length of blade to chord length) influence over performance. Performance in the sense is pressure ratio of compressor. The aspect ratio of the blade is an important parameter and has a strong influence on the performance of axial flow compressor. There are so many literatures available on influence of design parameters of axial flow compressor over its performance. Few literatures only are available for effects of aspect ratio of blade over performance of compressor. A study is proposed to be carried out to verify the effect of aspect ratio on the performance of single stage subsonic compressor through ANSYS-CFX software. The analysis will be carried out for the constant tip diameter of the compressor rotor blade having an aspect ratio 1, 2 and 3 and to obtain the pressure loss and flow parameters of the compressor stage. Further increase in aspect ratio will lead to structural problem of compressor. Therefore, there will be optimum aspect ratio between 2 and 3. Simulation will be conducted to aspect ratios of 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 and 2.9 to find optimum ratio using ANSYS-CFX commercial CFD software.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Analysis of dual bell rocket nozzle using computational fluid dynamicseSAT Journals
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Design and Development of Transonic Axial Flow Compressor Rotor BladeIJERDJOURNAL
Abstract:- This paper is about a new computational fluid dynamics developed for the transonic flow in a compressor rotor. Due to 3-Dimensional blade modification the arrangements satisfying the required boundary condition. Engine compressor towards distorted inflow has to be taken in account which is already in the design phase. Flow separation over the blade surface reduction and elimination can improve better aerodynamic, performance, efficiency and stall margin. NASA transonic rotor tip critical in baseline blade rotor performance energizing the low momentum boundary layer, controlling the inception of stall. A Profile generator are attached on the inner casing of the rotor ahead to the loading edge of the rotor and it is influenced on the overall performance which has been studied.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Numerical Investigation of Single Stage of an Axial Flow Compressor for Effec...IJERA Editor
In present work, a compressor configuration is taken from literature which will be studied for aspect ratio (ratio between length of blade to chord length) influence over performance. Performance in the sense is pressure ratio of compressor. The aspect ratio of the blade is an important parameter and has a strong influence on the performance of axial flow compressor. There are so many literatures available on influence of design parameters of axial flow compressor over its performance. Few literatures only are available for effects of aspect ratio of blade over performance of compressor. A study is proposed to be carried out to verify the effect of aspect ratio on the performance of single stage subsonic compressor through ANSYS-CFX software. The analysis will be carried out for the constant tip diameter of the compressor rotor blade having an aspect ratio 1, 2 and 3 and to obtain the pressure loss and flow parameters of the compressor stage. Further increase in aspect ratio will lead to structural problem of compressor. Therefore, there will be optimum aspect ratio between 2 and 3. Simulation will be conducted to aspect ratios of 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 and 2.9 to find optimum ratio using ANSYS-CFX commercial CFD software.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Analysis of dual bell rocket nozzle using computational fluid dynamicseSAT Journals
Abstract Concept of Altitude adaptive rocket nozzles recently received greater importance and interest in the space explorations and other such applications in space and rocket technology. The operations reliability of rocket launcher and the earth to orbit rocket launch are the crucial for the space transportation in the future. The performance of the engine components such as the power plant and the thrust delivery of the engine such as nozzles are in renovation for the greater performance and applicability for complex space applications. In the recent progress of the combustion expansion system the rocket nozzles are greatly revised from both application and design perspectives. One of such development is the dual bell nozzle. The publications indicate that the research on the concept of dual bell nozzle is tardy and there is no much progress from the inception of the idea. The specific application purpose designs are tested experimentally and implemented but the large scale development can only be possible if the generalized design parameters can be suggested. In the present paper one of such nozzle is selected and studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the results are synthesized for bench marking the general approach to study the Dual Bell nozzles. The result shows the variation in the Mach number, pressure, temperature distribution and turbulence intensity. Keywords: Altitude adaptation, Dual bell nozzle, Nozzle pressure ratio, Over-expansion factor.
Design and Development of Transonic Axial Flow Compressor Rotor BladeIJERDJOURNAL
Abstract:- This paper is about a new computational fluid dynamics developed for the transonic flow in a compressor rotor. Due to 3-Dimensional blade modification the arrangements satisfying the required boundary condition. Engine compressor towards distorted inflow has to be taken in account which is already in the design phase. Flow separation over the blade surface reduction and elimination can improve better aerodynamic, performance, efficiency and stall margin. NASA transonic rotor tip critical in baseline blade rotor performance energizing the low momentum boundary layer, controlling the inception of stall. A Profile generator are attached on the inner casing of the rotor ahead to the loading edge of the rotor and it is influenced on the overall performance which has been studied.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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In any pipeline project, an economic analysis has to be performed to ensure the project is a viable investment. The major capital components of a pipeline system consists of the pipeline, Booster station, ancillary machinery such as mainline valve stations, meter stations, pressure regulation stations, SCADA & Telecommunications. The project costs would additionally consist of environmental costs & permits, Right of Way (ROW) acquisitions, Engineering & Construction management to name a few.
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Natural Gas Pipeline Transmission Cost & EconomicsVijay Sarathy
In any pipeline project, an economic analysis has to be performed to ensure the project is a viable investment. The major capital components of a pipeline system consists of the pipeline, Booster station, ancillary machinery such as mainline valve stations, meter stations, pressure regulation stations, SCADA & Telecommunications. The project costs would additionally consist of environmental costs & permits, Right of Way (ROW) acquisitions, Engineering & Construction management to name a few.
The following tutorial is aimed at conducting a pipeline economic analysis using the method of Weight Average Capital Cost (WACC) to estimate gas tariffs, project worth in terms of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profit to Investment Ratio (PIR) and payback period. The cost of equity is estimated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).
Numerical Simulation of the Aerodynamic Performance of a H-type Wind Turbine ...Capvidia NV
Wind Turbine Self Starting CFD Simulation with FlowVision This is a nice example for moving bodies. Moment of inertia of turbine is defined and rotation is induced by aerodynamics forces. Simulation results of rotation speed variation during self-starting are in well agreement with the experimental results.
Optimization of design of mixed flow centrifugal pump impeller using cfdeSAT Journals
Abstract
Centrifugal pumps are widely used hydraulic machines, irrespective of the fact that their performance is generally not very good. So, turning them into more efficient machines is quite a challenge. The performance of a centrifugal pump is highly dependent on its geometrical parameters and its vane profile. In order to analyze the flow through complex systems like centrifugal pumps, Computation fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used. This work aims to study the performance analysis of a centrifugal mixed flow pump designed to deliver 0.25 m3/s of water with a head of 20 m at a speed of 1450 rpm using ANSYS CFX (ver.14.0). PTC Creo (ver. 2.0) has been used to model the pump unit. The performance of the pump was first determined using the existing vane angles and thickness of the blade then, the inlet vane angle, the outlet vane angle along with the thickness of the blade has been varied to analyze the pump’s performance . The results show that for an initial inlet angle 21.08˚, outlet angle 16.28˚ and blade thickness as 10mm, the efficiency of the pump was 84%. However, the efficiency of pump rises to 89.19% for the optimized angles and blade thickness.
Effects of Eccentric Strength Training’s Time on Daily Plasma Testosterone Le...IOSR Journals
This study aims to evaluate the effects of the eccentric physical training’s time on daily plasma concentrations of testosterone among sedentary athletes. Sixty male athletes, with homogeneous age, size and weight were selected for the study during three months. They were subjects to a strength training of the extensor and flexor muscles of the knee. After they were divided in two groups of thirty subjects and then had physical training either in the morning between 6 and 7, or in the evening, between 16 and 17. The dosage of testosterone on each athlete was performed before and after submission to an eccentric physical program at the antecubital vein in a restful sitting. Our results have shown that eccentric physical training induces the increase of this steroid hormone in the two groups of athletes and the training in the evening promotes better its production. Our results also showed that the rate of this androgen drop significantly during the day in both groups of athletes trained in the morning or in the evening as well as their respective controls. However, the decline was even more pronounced for subjects trained in the morning
Bayesian Estimation of Above-Average Performance in Tertiary Institutions: A ...IOSR Journals
Bayesian approach for parameter estimation has the capacity to yield more precise estimates than methods based on sampling theory. There are several common Bayesian models; in this study we applied Empirical Bayes (EB) model called Beta-binomial model. The study is motivated by the need to beam searchlight on universities, faculties or fields of study with graduates who may not be eligible for further educational pursuits. This study provides means of assessment or a basis of evaluation of students’ performances among faculties or fields of study and overall performance of a university. This study uses Bayesian methods of inference to estimate the proportion of above-average performance of graduates from the various faculties in University of Lagos. The model adopted generated results which are of smaller variances compared with variances of sample Proportions, showing that the posterior proportions generated are more efficient estimators. This is further evidenced in narrow widths of the computed confidence intervals. The overall result shows that the proportion of above-average performance of graduates of University of Lagos, who are eligible for further educational pursuits (i.e. higher degrees), is approximately 72% of the university graduates
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Nearest Adjacent Node Discovery Scheme for Routing Protocol in Wireless Senso...IOSR Journals
The broad significance of Wireless Sensor Networks is in most emergency and disaster rescue
domain. The routing process is the main challenges in the wireless sensor network due to lack of physical links.
The objective of routing is to find optimum path which is used to transferring packets from source node to
destination node. Routing should generate feasible routes between nodes and send traffic along the selected path
and also achieve high performance. This paper presents a nearest adjacent node scheme based on shortest path
routing algorithm. It is plays an important role in energy conservation. It finds the best location of nearest
adjacent nodes by involving the least number of nodes in transmission of data and set large number of nodes to
sleep in idle mode. Based on simulation result we shows the significant improvement in energy saving and
enhance the life of the network
EFFECT OF DIFFUSER LENGTH ON PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELBOW DRAFT TUBE ...IAEME Publication
The hydraulic turbines extract the energy of flowing water and converts into mechanical energy. The reaction turbine has components namely casing, stay ring, guide vane, runner and draft tube. Each component plays some role in performance of turbine. Out of above component casing, stay ring and distributor guide the flow while in runner and draft tube energy transfer and conversion takes place. In reaction turbine, significant part of input energy goes out of runner unutilized in form of kinetic energy. Draft tube are provided at exit of runner to connect turbine and tail race providing closed conduit flow of varying cross sectional area.
CFD Simulation and Analysis of Fluid Flow Parameters within a Y-Shaped Branch...IOSR Journals
Plumbing system use pipe fittings to connect straight pipe or tubing section for regulating or measuring fluid flow. Y (wye)-shape fitting is one of the important component in the plumbing system. A wye branch allows splitting a branch line equally in two directions. The opening sizes can vary for different situations for instance in situation where a large main line needs to be split into two smaller branches. The wye shape fitting will convert into T shape fitting when the included angle between two pipe branches is 180°. In the present work, effect of angle of turn/bend for a Y-shape pipe will be studied computationally using ANSYS CFX software. For the analysis, all the three pipe branches of 1 inch internal diameter are selected along with equal length so that only the effect of bend angle at 450, 600, 900 and 1800 can be studied. Water as a fluid is selected which flows through the plumbing system. The effect of bend angle, pipe diameter, pipe length, Reynolds number on the resistance coefficient is studied. It was observed that resistance coefficient vary with the change in flow
Design and Fabrication of Runner Blades of Cross Flow Turbineijtsrd
This paper describes the design and fabrication of runner blades for cross flow turbine is presented. In this paper, the cross flow turbine's runner is designed to produce 100 W electric powers from head of 4 m and the flow rate of 0.004 m ^3 s. For the given capacity and head of the turbine, the dimensions of runner diameter and width 265 mm and 132 mm is obtained respectively. The detail design calculation of the runner is described in this thesis. It is applicable to wide range of flow rate adjusting the runner length. The term hydropower refers to shaft power generated by converting potential and kinetic energy of power. By using water power, the generation of electrical power is well known and widely used throughout the world. In hydropower plant, water turbine is one of the most important parts for generating electricity. This paper is to fulfill the required electricity in rural area. Ma Thu Zar Win | Ma Myat Win Khaing | Ma Yi Yi Khin "Design and Fabrication of Runner Blades of Cross-Flow Turbine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27990.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/27990/design-and-fabrication-of-runner-blades-of-cross-flow-turbine/ma-thu-zar-win
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Runner profile optimisation of gravitational vortex water turbine IJECEIAES
This study discusses the numerical optimisation and performance testing of the turbine runner profile for the designed gravitational water vortex turbine. The initial design of the turbine runner is optimised using a surface vorticity algorithm coded in MATLAB to obtain the optimal stagger angle. Design validation is carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Ansys CFX to determine the performance of the turbine runner with the turbulent shear stress transport model. The CFD analysis shows that by optimising the design, the water turbine efficiency increases by about 2.6%. The prototype of the vortex turbine runner is made using a 3D printing machine with resin material. It is later tested in a laboratory-scale experiment that measures the shaft power, shaft torque and turbine efficiency in correspondence with rotational speeds varying from 150 to 650 rpm. Experiment results validate that the optimised runner has an efficiency of 45.3% or about 14% greater than the initial design runner, which has an efficiency of 39.7%.
Transient flow analysis for horizontal axial upper-wind turbineinventy
This study is to carry out a transient flow field analysis on the condition that the wind turbine is working to generate turbine, the wind turbine operating conditions change over time, Purpose of this study is try to find out the rule from the wind turbine changing over time . In transient analysis, the wind velocity on inlet boundary and rotation speed in the rotor field will change over time, and an analytical process is provided that can be used for future reference. At present, the wind turbine model is designed on the concept of upwind horizontal axis type. The computer engineering software GH Bladed is used to obtain the relationship between the rotor velocity and the wind turbine. Then the ANSYS engineering software is used to calculate the stress and strain distribution in the blades over time. From the analytical result, the relationship between the stress distribution in the blades and the rotor velocity is got to be used as a reference for future wind turbine structural optimization.
This paper describes the design and analyzes the Pelton wheel for generating power of 400 Watt. A Pelton wheel is considered as an impulse turbine, a turbine that converts pressure head into velocity head. This thesis is to calculate the input power, output power, buckets and speed ratio, length of belt and efficiency of the turbine. The turbine with a jet diameter of 0.0254 m has been designed for the operational conditions of the Pelton wheel installed at the Mone Ta Wa Cave, Ayetharyar. The diameter of the runner is 0.254 m and the width of a bucket is 0.1143 m. The turbine has undergone efficiency testing and visual inspection during operation at a gross head of 20 m. The hydraulic efficiency is 96.35 and the output power is 400 Watt. Ma Myat Win Khaing | Ma Yi Yi Khin | Mg Than Zaw Oo "Design and Analysis of Pelton Wheel" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26477.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26477/design-and-analysis-of-pelton-wheel/ma-myat-win-khaing
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Numerical Simulation and Design Optimization of Intake and Spiral Case for Low Head Vertical Turbine
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 12, Issue 1 Ver. III (Jan- Feb. 2015), PP 35-39
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12133539 www.iosrjournals.org 35 | Page
Numerical Simulation and Design Optimization of Intake and
Spiral Case for Low Head Vertical Turbine
Birendra Sharma1
, Yuan Shouqi2
, Fang Yujian3
, Zhang Jinfeng4
National research center of pumps, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang, Xuefu
Road no 301, 212013, China.
Abstract: The Spiral casing usually consists of a trapezoidal cross section made of concrete. The effects of the
pairs on the distribution of velocity and pressure in the spiral case, outlet angle and hydraulic loss of the spiral
case are studied. The design of the spiral case has important position in the design of turbine .The design have
direct effects on turbine performance. The purpose of this research subjects is numerical analysis of flow field
within the spiral case is a main tool to optimize the spiral case .Based on the Reynolds-average N-S equations
and the non-structural grid, CFD analysis of three –dimensional flow through a semi –spiral case is presented
in this paper. A complete optimization of hydraulic design content mainly four parts, the process of initial
hydraulic design, flow field analysis, performance prediction and optimization design. Basic equation Spiral
flow can be described by Navier-stock equation; calculation of water head at 15.8m, 1050m3/s discharge import
and export of the spiral case were given flow as a boundary condition. , for this research Ds is 11.5m. This
paper aims to study how the flow behaves in spiral case of Kaplan turbine in order to achieve hydraulic loss.
Keywords: Hydropower, Kaplan Turbine, Spiral case of Kaplan Turbine.
I. Introduction
Axial flow turbine is usually used in heads ranging from 1m to 70m .Axial flow turbine have adjustable
runner blade and fixed blades. The advantage of using adjustable runner blades is that the efficiency is higher
over a wider operating range. Inside the spiral casing the water flow is more or less uniformly distributed to stay
vanes and guide vanes, some of static energy of a swirling flow component after the guide vane passage .The
swirling flow enters the runner, where the water power is extracted Logarithmic spiral provides an axial
symmetrical potential flow and is therefore characterized by rotational free vortex flow .The circumferential
velocity in this case will increase from the inlet section to the spiral tooth .Constant velocity spiral is where the
circumferential velocity Vu is kept constant .Constant velocity spiral has larger sections for the same inlet
sections as compared to the sections of logarithmic spiral .Selection of the type of spiral casing would be from
the above two methods . The spiral case is an important component of the turbine which distributes water from
penstock to the runner .The spiral case should bear internal water pressure and imposed loads by units. It should
be making construction more convenient and lower cost. The spiral casing for low heads 25-30 meter is made of
concrete. To make this type of scroll casing with required accuracy, wooden models are used against which the
concrete is poured. The function of the spiral case is to supply water from the intake to the stay vanes, directly to
the upstream portion of the turbine and the turbine and through a unique shape of cross sectional area reduction
to the downstream portion of the turbine, maintaining a near uniform velocity of water around the stay vanes
and wicket gates. Concrete spiral casing are generally used for low head and the allowable velocities are low.
Where used of higher head steel lines should be provided to later for higher velocities and water –tightness. The
concrete spiral casing do not normally envelope the guide apparatus fully and the angle of envelopment used
from 00
to 2000.
. The sections of concrete spiral casing are generally of trapezoidal shapes because they are
easier to form compared to circular or elliptical shapes. The research scope is to run the numerical simulation for
both intake designs with different pier end shape. The research is to find the pressure and velocity field
difference the geometrical design .The distance from the pier end to the unit centre is 18.5 m.
2. Numerical Simulation and Design optimization of Intake and Spiral case for low…
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12133539 www.iosrjournals.org 36 | Page
Figure 1: Spiral case of Kaplan turbine.
II. Design Of Spiral Case Of Kaplan Turbine
The selection or adoption of concrete or steel spiral casing depends upon the Techno-Economic
considerations .The following gross heads may serve as guide for selecting the type of spiral casing.
Concrete Spiral casing – up to 40m
Steel spiral casing –above 30m
The shape of the spiral case is represented by a variable number of Cross sections each cross – sections
can have a different location, orientation and shape. Each section has given outer radius Ra, and height Hd and
Hs.
Fig 2: Construction of Cross Section of Spiral case.
Graph: 1 Different Design of Cross-section Area and discharge for the Concrete Semi Spiral Case
From Graph :1 The cross section area is rapidly falling down which makes straight line .In Graph the
cross section area from 10 to 18 which is co-inside with discharge at cross section 10-18.
3. Numerical Simulation and Design optimization of Intake and Spiral case for low…
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12133539 www.iosrjournals.org 37 | Page
Fig 3: 3D view of Spiral case of Kaplan turbine.
According to design principle of the spiral case, the warp angle is set at 200 degrees based on the basic
parameters of the hydraulic turbines. The average flow velocity in spiral section must be larger in order to
induce the size of the spiral case and head loss. Velocity in the inlet section of the spiral casing which may be
taken as the design velocity depends on the rated head and may be competed from the following formula V=
K√H
V = design velocity m/s
K= coefficient, depending on rated head and type of turbine
H= rated head (m)
Values of K vary for different head and also on type of turbine used .the Values of k for different values of head
and different turbines.
The following data should be collected for design of spiral case
Net Head
Discharge of water
Maximum pressure in spiral casing including water hammer
Maximum permissible velocities (in case of concrete spiral)
The hydraulic design of spiral casing may be done by any one method
Logarithmic speed, in which the moment of velocity is kept constant that, is where,
Vu ×R= C
Where,
Vu= Circumferential velocity in m/s at the point where radius is r.
R = radius in m of the spiral casing and C= Constant
The 3D structured mesh is generated using ICEM-CFD/HEXA .Which both deliver high quality block
–structured meshes for geometrically and topologically complex domains. After the meshing process, pressure
inlet and mass flow rate boundary conditions are given for all component simulations in CFX module. The mesh
of the models includes 868876 nodes and 4978590 elements as shown in figure: 4.The mesh of the given model
is Tetrahedral.
Fig 4: Mesh Model of Spiral Case.
The equation for flow in spiral case can be described by Navier-stock equation, 1050m3
/s discharge of
water is import from inlet of spiral case which given as flow as a boundary condition. In figure: 5 pressure
counters is of water is seen in different color. The highest pressure is at cross section 17 and 18 which is
1.390e+005 Pa.
4. Numerical Simulation and Design optimization of Intake and Spiral case for low…
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12133539 www.iosrjournals.org 38 | Page
Fig 5: Pressure at Inlet of Spiral Case.
Fig 6: Velocity Streamline in Spiral Case
The hydraulic loss in the spiral case are mainly the friction loss and the minor loss due to geometrical
change like bending shape of spiral case, and cross-section shrinking from outer area to inner area.
∆ℎ 𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑘
𝑣 𝑢
2
2𝑔
The Vu are mainly driven by the discharge and the cross section area; at the spiral case inlet, it is the
width B and height H. The frication factor k is calculated from moody diagram which value is 0.031. from this
calculation the sum of hydraulic loss is 0.2273697 m.
III. Conclusion
The purpose of this research subjects is to study how the flow behaves in spiral case of Kaplan turbine
in order to achieve hydraulic loss. The hydraulic loss for each cross section is 0.2273697 m, based on the
Reynolds-average N-S equations and the non-structural grid, CFD analysis of three –dimensional flow through a
semi –spiral case. The spiral is designed by solving equation at various mesidinal sections of the spiral. The
main advantage of Kaplan turbine are the wide ranges of gate opening and heads which can be granted and
because of vertical arrangement .Inside the spiral casing the water flow is more or less uniformly distributed to
stay vans and guide vanes. Some of static energy of a swirling flow component after the guide vane
passage .The swirling flow enters the runner, where the water power is extracted Logarithmic spiral provides an
axial symmetrical potential flow and is therefore characterized by rotational free vertex flow .The
circumferential velocity in this case will increase from the inlet section to the spiral tooth . Constant velocity
spiral is where the circumferential velocity Vu is kept constant .Constant velocity spiral has larger sections for
the same inlet sections as compared to the sections of logarithmic spiral. Kaplan turbine efficiency is typically
about 90% and more.
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