The project aimed to develop a cost-effective design for pico-propeller turbines smaller than 5kW for use in developing countries. A prototype turbine was installed in Peru and initial testing showed problems. CFD simulations were used to analyze design modifications, including a redesigned rotor. Field testing of the new design showed improved performance over the original design. Future work will focus on further design optimizations and additional testing.
Development of Hill Chart diagram for Francis turbine of Jhimruk Hydropower u...Suman Sapkota
The study is expected to provide a milestone for the study of performances of Francis Turbine at different loading conditions. It can also serve as a reference for the study of CFD analysis on Francis turbine for the development of performance characteristics curve and Hill chart.
This paper describes the design and analyzes the Pelton wheel for generating power of 400 Watt. A Pelton wheel is considered as an impulse turbine, a turbine that converts pressure head into velocity head. This thesis is to calculate the input power, output power, buckets and speed ratio, length of belt and efficiency of the turbine. The turbine with a jet diameter of 0.0254 m has been designed for the operational conditions of the Pelton wheel installed at the Mone Ta Wa Cave, Ayetharyar. The diameter of the runner is 0.254 m and the width of a bucket is 0.1143 m. The turbine has undergone efficiency testing and visual inspection during operation at a gross head of 20 m. The hydraulic efficiency is 96.35 and the output power is 400 Watt. Ma Myat Win Khaing | Ma Yi Yi Khin | Mg Than Zaw Oo "Design and Analysis of Pelton Wheel" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26477.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26477/design-and-analysis-of-pelton-wheel/ma-myat-win-khaing
Development of Hill Chart diagram for Francis turbine of Jhimruk Hydropower u...Suman Sapkota
The study is expected to provide a milestone for the study of performances of Francis Turbine at different loading conditions. It can also serve as a reference for the study of CFD analysis on Francis turbine for the development of performance characteristics curve and Hill chart.
This paper describes the design and analyzes the Pelton wheel for generating power of 400 Watt. A Pelton wheel is considered as an impulse turbine, a turbine that converts pressure head into velocity head. This thesis is to calculate the input power, output power, buckets and speed ratio, length of belt and efficiency of the turbine. The turbine with a jet diameter of 0.0254 m has been designed for the operational conditions of the Pelton wheel installed at the Mone Ta Wa Cave, Ayetharyar. The diameter of the runner is 0.254 m and the width of a bucket is 0.1143 m. The turbine has undergone efficiency testing and visual inspection during operation at a gross head of 20 m. The hydraulic efficiency is 96.35 and the output power is 400 Watt. Ma Myat Win Khaing | Ma Yi Yi Khin | Mg Than Zaw Oo "Design and Analysis of Pelton Wheel" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26477.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26477/design-and-analysis-of-pelton-wheel/ma-myat-win-khaing
Design Calculation of 40 MW Francis Turbine Runnerijtsrd
A water turbine is one of the most important parts to generate electricity in hydroelectric power plants. The generation of hydroelectric power is relatively cheaper than the power generated by other sources. There are various types of turbines such as Pelton Turbine, Cross flow Turbine, and Francis Turbine which are being used in Myanmar. In this paper, one of the hydroelectric power plant which is used Vertical Francis Turbine type. The Francis turbine is one of the powerful turbine types. Francis Turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James Bicheno Francis. Hydroelectric Power Plant, Thaukyegat No.2, is selected to design the runner. This Vertical Francis Turbine is designed to produce 40 MW electric powers from the head of 65 m and flow rate of 70.10m3 s. The design parameters of 40 MW Vertical Francis Turbine runner's diameter, height, elevation, shaft, numbers of blades and blade angles are calculated. The initial value of turbine output is assumed as 94 . The number of guide blades and runner blades are also assumed. The detailed design calculations of the runner are carried out. Moreover, the selection of the turbine type according to the head, the flow rate and the power are also performed. Kyi Pyar Oo | Khaing Zar Nyunt | Ei Cho Cho Theik "Design Calculation of 40 MW Francis Turbine (Runner)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26412.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26412/design-calculation-of-40-mw-francis-turbine-runner/kyi-pyar-oo
The power generation of a wind farm is significantly less than the summation of the power generated by each turbine when operating as a standalone entity. This power reduction can be attributed to the energy loss due to the wake effects − the resulting velocity deficit in the wind downstream of a turbine. In the case of wind farm design, the wake losses are generally quantified using wake models. The effectiveness of wind farm design (seeking to maximize the farm output) therefore depends on the accuracy and the reliability of the wake models. This paper compares the impact of the following four analytical wake
models on the wind farm power generation: (i) the Jensen model, (ii) the Larsen model, (iii) the Frandsen model, and (iv) the Ishihara model. The sensitivity of this impact to the Land Area per Turbine (LAT) and the incoming wind speed is also investigated. The wind farm power generation model used in this paper is adopted from the Unrestricted Wind Farm Layout Optimization (UWFLO) methodology. Single wake case studies show that the velocity deficit and the wake diameter estimated by the different analytical wake models can be significantly different. A maximum difference of 70% was also observed for the wind farm capacity factor values estimated using different wake models.
The UK Space Propulsion Innovation Award has been announced which aims to address capability gaps in the industry by posing a set of key challenges to academia and the supply chain, then forming new connections between groups to fill the technology needs. This competition offers a unique opportunity for researchers or potential suppliers to pitch ideas to the industry.
The summary of the propulsion challenges and the competition brief are now available on _connect: http://tinyurl.com/propulsionaward
Update On June One Presenting at the Power & Energy Conference, Power Energy 2017-3191 “New Tech Combined Cycle Gas Turbines (CCGT) - Analysis of Water Swirled into Gas Turbine Technology” - Thursday, June 29th in the session that is scheduled from 2:00 – 3:30 pm”. Recently I did TG Advisors May 2017 two day course on gas turbine / steam turbine electrical generation. There were enough changes that I am sharing a paper about my technology. This presentation is to preliminarily explain and analyze a system inclusive of the benefits of water swirled into the turbine section and/or after such of a combine cycle gas turbine electrical generation unit to improve the efficiency of the unit as described in United States Patents 8,671,696 , 9,376,933 and Ap # 15/443,692. Beyond electrical generation there is benefit in aircraft propulsion etc.. The technology is to increase thrust power output per unit of fuel with water or other volatile. Asked where is the analysis on claims of heard by me of 12 % less gas fuel to get electricity output ! The answer in my presentation.
Again asked where is the analysis on claims of heard by me of 12 % less gas fuel to get electricity output compared to combined cycle now in use and lower capital cost combined cycle units and efficiency of gas turbine electrical generator units 1 to 400 MW nearly the same which would greatly reduce electrical distribution losses and much lower startup shut down cost. This is a start ! Great for rig power, transportation marine, train combined cycle gas turbines. Fit in aircraft for fuel savings. At World Petroleum Congress heard +30 percent.
Wind energy is a promising energy source. Modern wind power industry officially started in 1979 in Denmark with a
turbine of few KW and its evaluation brought up to now, devices of which rated power is higher than 20 MW.
The size of wind turbine’s massively increased and their design achieved a common standard device: Horizontal axis,
Three blades, Upwind, Pitch controlled blades, Active yaw system.
Master class presentation on artificial lift screening and selection. Prepared for Praxis' Interactive Technology Workshop on Artificial Lift, Dubai, September 2013.
Design Calculation of 40 MW Francis Turbine Runnerijtsrd
A water turbine is one of the most important parts to generate electricity in hydroelectric power plants. The generation of hydroelectric power is relatively cheaper than the power generated by other sources. There are various types of turbines such as Pelton Turbine, Cross flow Turbine, and Francis Turbine which are being used in Myanmar. In this paper, one of the hydroelectric power plant which is used Vertical Francis Turbine type. The Francis turbine is one of the powerful turbine types. Francis Turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James Bicheno Francis. Hydroelectric Power Plant, Thaukyegat No.2, is selected to design the runner. This Vertical Francis Turbine is designed to produce 40 MW electric powers from the head of 65 m and flow rate of 70.10m3 s. The design parameters of 40 MW Vertical Francis Turbine runner's diameter, height, elevation, shaft, numbers of blades and blade angles are calculated. The initial value of turbine output is assumed as 94 . The number of guide blades and runner blades are also assumed. The detailed design calculations of the runner are carried out. Moreover, the selection of the turbine type according to the head, the flow rate and the power are also performed. Kyi Pyar Oo | Khaing Zar Nyunt | Ei Cho Cho Theik "Design Calculation of 40 MW Francis Turbine (Runner)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26412.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26412/design-calculation-of-40-mw-francis-turbine-runner/kyi-pyar-oo
The power generation of a wind farm is significantly less than the summation of the power generated by each turbine when operating as a standalone entity. This power reduction can be attributed to the energy loss due to the wake effects − the resulting velocity deficit in the wind downstream of a turbine. In the case of wind farm design, the wake losses are generally quantified using wake models. The effectiveness of wind farm design (seeking to maximize the farm output) therefore depends on the accuracy and the reliability of the wake models. This paper compares the impact of the following four analytical wake
models on the wind farm power generation: (i) the Jensen model, (ii) the Larsen model, (iii) the Frandsen model, and (iv) the Ishihara model. The sensitivity of this impact to the Land Area per Turbine (LAT) and the incoming wind speed is also investigated. The wind farm power generation model used in this paper is adopted from the Unrestricted Wind Farm Layout Optimization (UWFLO) methodology. Single wake case studies show that the velocity deficit and the wake diameter estimated by the different analytical wake models can be significantly different. A maximum difference of 70% was also observed for the wind farm capacity factor values estimated using different wake models.
The UK Space Propulsion Innovation Award has been announced which aims to address capability gaps in the industry by posing a set of key challenges to academia and the supply chain, then forming new connections between groups to fill the technology needs. This competition offers a unique opportunity for researchers or potential suppliers to pitch ideas to the industry.
The summary of the propulsion challenges and the competition brief are now available on _connect: http://tinyurl.com/propulsionaward
Update On June One Presenting at the Power & Energy Conference, Power Energy 2017-3191 “New Tech Combined Cycle Gas Turbines (CCGT) - Analysis of Water Swirled into Gas Turbine Technology” - Thursday, June 29th in the session that is scheduled from 2:00 – 3:30 pm”. Recently I did TG Advisors May 2017 two day course on gas turbine / steam turbine electrical generation. There were enough changes that I am sharing a paper about my technology. This presentation is to preliminarily explain and analyze a system inclusive of the benefits of water swirled into the turbine section and/or after such of a combine cycle gas turbine electrical generation unit to improve the efficiency of the unit as described in United States Patents 8,671,696 , 9,376,933 and Ap # 15/443,692. Beyond electrical generation there is benefit in aircraft propulsion etc.. The technology is to increase thrust power output per unit of fuel with water or other volatile. Asked where is the analysis on claims of heard by me of 12 % less gas fuel to get electricity output ! The answer in my presentation.
Again asked where is the analysis on claims of heard by me of 12 % less gas fuel to get electricity output compared to combined cycle now in use and lower capital cost combined cycle units and efficiency of gas turbine electrical generator units 1 to 400 MW nearly the same which would greatly reduce electrical distribution losses and much lower startup shut down cost. This is a start ! Great for rig power, transportation marine, train combined cycle gas turbines. Fit in aircraft for fuel savings. At World Petroleum Congress heard +30 percent.
Wind energy is a promising energy source. Modern wind power industry officially started in 1979 in Denmark with a
turbine of few KW and its evaluation brought up to now, devices of which rated power is higher than 20 MW.
The size of wind turbine’s massively increased and their design achieved a common standard device: Horizontal axis,
Three blades, Upwind, Pitch controlled blades, Active yaw system.
Master class presentation on artificial lift screening and selection. Prepared for Praxis' Interactive Technology Workshop on Artificial Lift, Dubai, September 2013.
Free-form design of rotors - An overviewLuca Sartori
A contribution to the 12th EAWE PhD Seminar (Copenhagen, May 2016) illustrating a free-form approach to the multi-disciplinary design of wind turbine blades. Background, formulation and a range of applications.
Wind Turbines: Will they ever become economically feasible? Jeffrey Funk
The cost electricity from wind turbines is still too for most situations and the cost of electricity has fallen very slowly over the last 30 years (about 2% a year). Even worse, the costs have risen over the last two years. These slides show that the falling costs of electricity from wind turbines are primarily from increases in the scale of wind turbines and that the recent increases are probably from increasing the scale of the rotor diameter too much. Increases in the rotor diameter and the height of towers have directly and indirectly led to reductions in the cost of electricity from wind turbines. They have directly led to reductions in cost because the output of a wind turbine is a function of diameter squared and they indirectly led to reductions in cost because output is a function of wind speed cubed and larger wind turbines can handle higher wind speeds. The major challenge for further increasing the scale of wind turbines is finding materials for the turbine blades that have higher strength to weight ratios. Finally, several new wind turbine designs may also lead to lower costs of electricity from wind turbines.
EFFECT OF DIFFUSER LENGTH ON PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELBOW DRAFT TUBE ...IAEME Publication
The hydraulic turbines extract the energy of flowing water and converts into mechanical energy. The reaction turbine has components namely casing, stay ring, guide vane, runner and draft tube. Each component plays some role in performance of turbine. Out of above component casing, stay ring and distributor guide the flow while in runner and draft tube energy transfer and conversion takes place. In reaction turbine, significant part of input energy goes out of runner unutilized in form of kinetic energy. Draft tube are provided at exit of runner to connect turbine and tail race providing closed conduit flow of varying cross sectional area.
Runner profile optimisation of gravitational vortex water turbine IJECEIAES
This study discusses the numerical optimisation and performance testing of the turbine runner profile for the designed gravitational water vortex turbine. The initial design of the turbine runner is optimised using a surface vorticity algorithm coded in MATLAB to obtain the optimal stagger angle. Design validation is carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Ansys CFX to determine the performance of the turbine runner with the turbulent shear stress transport model. The CFD analysis shows that by optimising the design, the water turbine efficiency increases by about 2.6%. The prototype of the vortex turbine runner is made using a 3D printing machine with resin material. It is later tested in a laboratory-scale experiment that measures the shaft power, shaft torque and turbine efficiency in correspondence with rotational speeds varying from 150 to 650 rpm. Experiment results validate that the optimised runner has an efficiency of 45.3% or about 14% greater than the initial design runner, which has an efficiency of 39.7%.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
1. The design of cost-
effective pico-propeller
turbines for developing
countries
Dr Robert Simpson, Dr Arthur Williams
Nottingham Trent University, UK
2. Project overview
Aim: “to provide an accurate design and design
method for the cost-effective manufacture of
pico-propeller turbines (<5kW) in developing
countries that is scaleable for a range of
hydrological conditions”
Project partner: Practical Action Peru
(formerly known as Intermediate Technology
Development Group)
Funded by the Leverhulme Trust (UK trust
organisation)
3. Motivation
Low head hydro sites (2 to 10m)
have great potential for providing
electricity in rural areas of
developing countries BUT
progress appears to be hampered
by the lack of a cost-effective
reliable turbine design that is
appropriate for local manufacture in
developing countries
Much is known about the design of
large Kaplan and propeller turbines
but there is little published
regarding the design of very small
propeller turbines
4. Objectives
Understand fully the design scale effects for pico-propeller
turbines using CFD modeling, laboratory experiments and
field testing
Investigate, make and test design simplifications and
improvements to be implemented in the field and laboratory
Produce a design manual and simple computer program that
can be used by local manufacturers and engineers
Disseminate the information and results of the project which
will be made freely available
5. Stage One
Specify a prototype turbine design based on current
knowledge
Turbine manufacture, installation and field testing
(conducted with Practical Action Peru)
Analysis of the turbine performance and investigation
of possible improvements using Computational Fluid
Dynamics
Make modifications to the turbine and compare the
field test data to CFD simulations
6. The turbine site
(Magdalena, Peru)
Civil Works: silt basin, concrete channel,
pipe and forebay tank
Powerhouse: Tailrace water is returned
to irrigation channel
7. Turbine layout
Horizontal shaft
single stage V-belt pulley
driving a 5.6kW Induction
Generator as Motor
(IMAG) with Induction
Generator Controller (IGC)
Spiral casing with six fixed
guide vanes
90º elbow draft tube
Site specifications
Head = 4m
Flow rate = 180-220 l/s
The prototype turbine
(general layout)
8. Original rotor design
Diameter: 290mm
Blades fabricated from flat
plate steel (6mm thick)
Blade profile created by
bending and twisting the
plate to produce camber
and twist
no nose cone
Non-contact seal, with
water allowed to leak during
operation
The prototype turbine
(Rotor design)
9. Initial operation of turbine
Reported problems:
During initial operation water emptied from the forebay tank
The turbine was not producing sufficient power to get the
generator up to operating voltage
Redesign options:
Manufacture a new turbine with different diameter including
spiral casing, rotor and draft tube
Manufacture a new rotor (preferred option due to cost)
Decision:
Use ANSYS CFX to analyse the existing turbine performance and
determine how the turbine could be modified and put into full
operation
10. Spiral casing simulations
Total head loss for spiral casing and guide vanes estimated to be 0.43m at
180 l/s flow rate. Or approximately 11% of gross head at 4 metres.
Fluid angle varied between 22 and 30 degrees from the tangential direction.
15. Redesigned rotor
Manufactured locally in Lima, Peru by bending and twisting flat sheet metal
into the required blade angles
Side effect: Slight S-shape in blade shape due to the twisting at the tip
Nose cone included in new design
16. Field testing in Peru
(experimental technique)
Torque: friction brake
Speed: handheld
optical tachometer
Flow rate: measured
from a flume
constructed
downstream of the
turbine
Head: height markings
measured using water
level
17. Revised CFD Simulations
Improvements made:
The S-shape geometry of the blade was modeled
The penstock volume was included
Changes to the geometry of the spiral casing and guide vane
angles were made based on measurements taken onsite
A 3 mm tip gap (3.5% of span length) was modeled
Ongoing research into:
Roughness effects
Leakage through the hydrodynamic seal
Transient simulations
Various turbulence models
Cavitation modeling
18. Blade to Blade view
(at mid-span)
Pressure contours in
blade to blade view
Possible area of cavitation
22. Conclusions and Future Work
Conclusions
CFD analysis has been used to identify operational problems with the prototype turbine
and has proved to be a useful tool for analysing new rotor geometries.
The CFD simulations give a reasonable predicted performance for power output until
the maximum power point, however, the flow rate is under predicted resulting in an
over estimation of the turbine efficiency by 10%.
Future Work
Further investigation into producing a profiled rotor with better cavitation performance
as well as improvements to the CFD models.
Detailed laboratory testing will be used to complement the CFD results and field tests
Miniature perspex turbine (200W) for a detailed investigation with Laser Doppler Anemometry
Spiral casing propeller turbine of similar construction to the Peruvian prototype (1kW)
Axial flow pump as turbine (approx. 1-2 kW)
