The document discusses null hypotheses for Phi-coefficients, which test the relationship between two dichotomous (yes/no) variables. It provides a template for a null hypothesis, which states that there is no statistically significant relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Two examples are given: one testing the relationship between religious affiliation and college graduation, and another testing the relationship between age and political affiliation. The null hypothesis for each uses the template, stating there is no significant relationship between the variables.

1. Null-hypothesis for a
Phi-Coefficient
Conceptual Explanation

2. With hypothesis testing we are setting up a null-hypothesis
–

3. With hypothesis testing we are setting up a null-hypothesis
– the probability that there is no effect or
relationship –

4. With hypothesis testing we are setting up a null-hypothesis
– the probability that there is no effect or
relationship – and then we collect evidence that leads
us to either accept or reject that null hypothesis.

5. As you may recall, a Phi-coefficient is a value that
makes it possible to statistically test the relationship
between a dichotomous dependent variable and a
dichotomous independent variable.

6. As you may recall, a Phi-coefficient is a value that
makes it possible to statistically test the relationship
between a dichotomous dependent variable and a
dichotomous independent variable. By dichotomous
we mean variables that have only two options (e.g.,
yes/no, member/nonmember, exists/does not exist,
etc.).

7. Here is a template for writing a null-hypothesis for a
Phi-Coefficient:

8. Here is a template for writing a null-hypothesis for a
Phi-Coefficient:
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].

9. Example 1

10. A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between religious and non-religious
affiliation and college graduation.

11. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between religious and non-religious
affiliation and college graduation.
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between the
[insert independent variable] and [insert dependent
variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between the
[insert independent variable] and [insert dependent
variable].

12. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between religious and non-religious
affiliation and college graduation.
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between the
[insert independent variable] and [insert dependent
variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between the
[insert independent variable] and [insert dependent
variable].

13. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between religious and non-religious
affiliation and college graduation.
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between the
[insert independent variable] and [insert dependent
variable].

14. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between religious and non-religious
affiliation and college graduation.
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between the
[insert independent variable] and [insert dependent
variable].

15. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between religious and non-religious
affiliation and college graduation.
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].

16. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between religious and non-religious
affiliation and college graduation.
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the religious and non-religious affiliation of a person
and [insert dependent variable].

17. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between religious and non-religious
affiliation and college graduation.
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the religious and non-religious affiliation of a person
and [insert dependent variable].

18. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between religious and non-religious
affiliation and college graduation.
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the religious and non-religious affiliation of a person
and college graduation.

19. Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the religious and non-religious affiliation of a person
and college graduation.

20. Example 2

21. A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between age (older than 50 vs.
younger than 50) and political affiliation (Democrat vs.
Republican).

22. A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between age (older than 50 vs.
younger than 50) and political affiliation (Democrat vs.
Republican).
vs.
vs.

23. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between age (older than 50 vs.
younger than 50) and political affiliation (Democrat vs.
Republican).
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between the
[insert independent variable] and [insert dependent
variable].

24. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between age (older than 50 vs.
younger than 50) and political affiliation (Democrat vs.
Republican).
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between the
[insert independent variable] and [insert dependent
variable].

25. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between age (older than 50 vs.
younger than 50) and political affiliation (Democrat vs.
Republican).
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between the
[insert independent variable] and [insert dependent
variable].

26. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between age (older than 50 vs.
younger than 50) and political affiliation (Democrat vs.
Republican).
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between the
[insert independent variable] and [insert dependent
variable].

27. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between age (older than 50 vs.
younger than 50) and political affiliation (Democrat vs.
Republican).
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].

28. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between age (older than 50 vs.
younger than 50) and political affiliation (Democrat vs.
Republican).
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the age and [insert dependent variable].
s

29. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between age (older than 50 vs.
younger than 50) and political affiliation (Democrat vs.
Republican).
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the age and [insert dependent variable].
s

30. Problem
A researcher wishes to determine if a significant
relationship exists between age (older than 50 vs.
younger than 50) and political affiliation (Democrat vs.
Republican).
Template for a Phi-Coefficient Null-Hypothesis
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the [insert independent variable] and [insert
dependent variable].
Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the age and political affiliation.
s

31. Null-hypothesis for this Problem
There is no statistically significant relationship between
the age and political affiliation.