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The EATWELL project aims to benchmark nutrition policies across Europe, evaluate their effectiveness, and recommend new policies. It will assess a range of policy interventions, from information campaigns to market regulations, using modern evaluation techniques. While information policies can support informed choice, their impact on diets is limited. Changing market environments is likely more effective but controversial. Currently, policy evaluations in Europe are rare and unsophisticated. The project hopes to improve the evidence base on what works to promote healthy eating.
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2. Key outputs by 2012-2013 include improved diagnostics and vaccines for diseases like East Coast fever, CBPP, and ASF, as well as thermostabilized PPR vaccines and biosecurity protocols.
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Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
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In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Exploring behavioural economics: Using 'nudge theory' to improve the effectiveness of SafePORK interventions in Vietnam
1. Exploring Behavioural Economics:
Using ‘Nudge Theory’ to improve the
effectiveness of SafePORK
interventions in Vietnam
Mathew Hennessey, Sunghwan Kim, Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen, Sinh
Dang, Thinh Nguyen, Barbara Häsler
Regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production,
health, and pork safety
Hanoi, Vietnam
27-29 March 2019
2. Background
• Pork eaten in Vietnam is commonly contaminated with Salmonella
• Relatively high incidence rate (17%) of Salmonella related food
borne disease
• Considerable cost to the economy
• The SafePORK project, a market based approach to improve food
safety, has designed a set of interventions for the pork value chain to
improve food safety
• Interventions require changes in actor’s behaviour
• Can these behavioural changes be supported by behavioural
economics/nudge theory?
6. Nudge background
Example 1
Singapore – printing bills on pink paper
Pink normally used for debt collection
- People have been primed to the colour pink
Improvement in prompt payment rates
7. Nudge background
Example 2
Kenya – Providing chlorine dispensers at water outlets
• Visual reminder of the need to chlorinate water
(providing information and environmental
restructuring)
• Easy to use at point of water collection (easy and
timely- from EAST framework)
• See other people doing the same (modelling, priming,
and social from EAST)
• Led to a 53% increase in uptake in India (Kremer et al.
2010)
8. Project aims and objectives
Aim: To understand whether behavioural economics/nudge theory can
be used to improve the effectiveness of food safety interventions in the
pork value chain in Vietnam
Objectives:
• Investigate how nudges are already being used in the pork value
chain in Vietnam
• Understand which behavioural elements of pork value chain actors
may be amenable to nudging
• Investigate the feasibility of using nudges within the pork value
chain
9. Methods
Phase 1 – summer 2018 (Hanoi and Hung Yen)
Key informant interviews (n=12)
- to gain information about existing
food safety interventions
Questionnaires (n=132)
- To determine behaviours
amenable to nudging
Nuffield ladder EAST MINDSPACE
Examine ‘nudge’ frameworks
10. Methods
Phase 2 – November 2018 (Hanoi)
Stakeholder workshop with value
chain actors (n=30)
Group discussions Practical exercises
Discuss the feasibility of using the
proposed nudges
11. Results
Phase 1 – Key informant interviews (n=12)
• Hanoi and Hung Yen province
• Relevant authorities (6), influencing institutions (3), research
institutions (3)
Nuffield ladder:
21/35 interventions
classified as nudges
- Provision of
information (14)
- Enabled choice (6)
- Guide through
default (1)
EAST:
85.7% attractive
47.6% easy/social
28.6% timely
MINDSPACE:
47.6% messenger
57.1% incentives
38.1% norms
19% defaults
61.9% salient
23.8% priming
14.3% affect
4.8% commitment
23.8% ego
12. Results
Phase 1 – Questionnaire based survey (n=132)
• Producers (17), slaughter house workers (9), retailers (71), food
vendors (35)
• When regarding food safety – respondents ranked veterinarians as
the most trustworthy group, local authorities lowest
• Respondents said they were most likely to imitate the behaviour of
their colleagues over other groups
• Reputation was considered the most effective incentive for
behavioural change
13. Results
Phase 2 – Stakeholder workshop with value chain actors (n=30)
• Producer (1), slaughter houses workers (4), retailers (6), government
officials (8), and researchers (11)
Group discussions:
Actors were generally aware of the slaughter house and retail
processes which could lead to microbial contamination of pork
Wiping of carcass due to fear that wet meat would spoil and
consumer preference for ‘dry’ looking meat
Lack of access to improved infrastructure cited as reason for inability
to change behaviours
14. Results
Phase 2 – Stakeholder workshop with value chain actors (n=30)
• Framing of language, images, colours
Practical exercises
15. Results
Phase 2 – Stakeholder workshop with value chain actors (n=30)
Discussing the feasibility of using the proposed nudges:
- Access to improve infrastructure needed
- Changes would need to be supported by authorities
(veterinarians and animal health inspectors)
16. Conclusions
Nudges are already a common part of food safety interventions in
Vietnam (60% of those identified)
- lack of formal evaluation makes it challenging to assess their
effectiveness
Value chain actors highly regard veterinarians, their peers, and their
reputation
- these factors should be considered when designing and delivering
food safety interventions.
Nudges should be created which use images of local situations and
people, and language which is specific to a target audience
17. Next steps
Nudges to support food safety interventions will be created using the
findings from this study
These nudges will be tested in the field to allow assessment of their
effectiveness
If nudges are found to be effective then they will be used to support
the SafePORK food safety intervention trial