DNA and RNA molecules are linear polymers built from individual units called nucleotides connected by bonds called phosphodiester linkages. DNA and RNA are used to store and pass genetic information from one generation to the next.
this presentation covers about all the topics of nucleic acids.I made this presentation by combining too many presentations. and I also presented the same in the university and I got an A++ :).
best of luck!
DNA and RNA molecules are linear polymers built from individual units called nucleotides connected by bonds called phosphodiester linkages. DNA and RNA are used to store and pass genetic information from one generation to the next.
this presentation covers about all the topics of nucleic acids.I made this presentation by combining too many presentations. and I also presented the same in the university and I got an A++ :).
best of luck!
Introduction to molecular genetic. ADN an ARN, structure and function.
Central dogma of molecular biology. Replication, transcription and translation.
Mutation, causes and classification
The genetic material of any organisms is the substance that stores information about structure, function and
Development of various characteristics of a living
organisms.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
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30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
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In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
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Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
2. What are they ?What are they ?
The 4The 4thth
type oftype of
macromoleculesmacromolecules
The chemical link betweenThe chemical link between
generationsgenerations
The source ofThe source of geneticgenetic
information in chromosomesinformation in chromosomes
3. What do they do ?What do they do ?
DictateDictate amino-acidamino-acid
sequence in proteinssequence in proteins
Give information toGive information to
chromosomes, which is thenchromosomes, which is then
passed from parent topassed from parent to
offspringoffspring
4. What are they made of ?What are they made of ?
Simple units calledSimple units called nucleotidesnucleotides,,
connected in long chainsconnected in long chains
NucleotidesNucleotides have 3 parts:have 3 parts:
1- 5-Carbon sugar (pentose)1- 5-Carbon sugar (pentose)
2- Nitrogen containing base2- Nitrogen containing base
(made of C, H and N)(made of C, H and N)
3- A phosphate group ( P )3- A phosphate group ( P )
The P groups make the links thatThe P groups make the links that
unite the sugars (hence a “unite the sugars (hence a “sugar-sugar-
phosphate backbone”phosphate backbone”
5. Two types of NucleotidesTwo types of Nucleotides
(depending on the sugar they(depending on the sugar they
contain)contain)
1-1- Ribonucleic acids (RNA)Ribonucleic acids (RNA)
The pentose sugar isThe pentose sugar is RiboseRibose
(has a hydroxyl group in the 3(has a hydroxyl group in the 3rdrd
carbon---carbon---OHOH))
2-2- Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA)Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA)
The pentose sugar isThe pentose sugar is
DeoxyriboseDeoxyribose (has just an(has just an
hydrogenhydrogen in the same place---in the same place---
H)H) DDeoxy = “minus oxygen”eoxy = “minus oxygen”
6. DNADNA NucleotidesNucleotides
Composition (3 parts):Composition (3 parts):
1-1- DDeoxyribose sugar (eoxyribose sugar (no Ono O in 3in 3rdrd
carbon)carbon)
2- Phosphate group2- Phosphate group
3-3- One of 4 types of basesOne of 4 types of bases (all(all
containing nitrogen):containing nitrogen):
- Adenine- Adenine
-- Thymine (Only in DNA)Thymine (Only in DNA)
- Cytosine- Cytosine
- Guanine- Guanine
7. RNARNA NucleotidesNucleotides
Composition ( 3 parts):Composition ( 3 parts):
1-1- RRibose sugar (ibose sugar (with Owith O in 3in 3rdrd
carbon)carbon)
2- Phosphate group2- Phosphate group
3-3- One of 4 types of basesOne of 4 types of bases (all(all
containing nitrogen):containing nitrogen):
- Adenine- Adenine
-- Uracyl (only in RNA)Uracyl (only in RNA)
- Cytosine- Cytosine
- Guanine- Guanine
9. The Double Helix (DNA)The Double Helix (DNA)
Structural model:Structural model:
Model proposed by Watson & Crick, 1953Model proposed by Watson & Crick, 1953
Two sugar-phosphate strands, next to eachTwo sugar-phosphate strands, next to each
other, but running in opposite directions.other, but running in opposite directions.
Specific Hydrogen bondsSpecific Hydrogen bonds occur among basesoccur among bases
from one chain to the other:from one chain to the other:
A---TA---T ,, C---GC---G
Due to this specificity, a certain base onDue to this specificity, a certain base on
one strand indicates a certain base in theone strand indicates a certain base in the
otherother..
The 2 strands intertwine, forming aThe 2 strands intertwine, forming a
double-helix that winds around a centraldouble-helix that winds around a central
axisaxis
10. How DNA WorksHow DNA Works
1-1- DNA stores genetic information inDNA stores genetic information in
segments calledsegments called genesgenes
2- The DNA code is in2- The DNA code is in TriTriplet Codonsplet Codons
(short sequences of(short sequences of 33 nucleotidesnucleotides
each)each)
3- Certain3- Certain codonscodons are translated byare translated by
the cell intothe cell into certain Aminocertain Amino
acids.acids.
4. Thus, the4. Thus, the sequence of nucleotidessequence of nucleotides inin
DNA indicate aDNA indicate a sequence of Aminosequence of Amino
acidsacids in ain a proteinprotein..
