The document discusses the role of nuclear power in addressing climate change. It argues that given the scale of reducing carbon emissions needed, all low-carbon energy sources including nuclear will be needed. Currently, nuclear energy accounts for 30% of low-carbon electricity but this will need to increase to 80% by 2050 to limit global warming to 2°C. Nuclear power has low carbon emissions and is an available technology that can be deployed now at scale, unlike technologies like carbon capture and storage.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Georg Erdmann, Prof. for Energy System at the Berlin University of Technology WEC Italia
Slides presentate in occasione del Seminario "The Energy transition in Europe: different pathways, same destination? organizzato da Edison in collaborazione con WEC Italia il 29 maggio 2013 a Roma - TWITTER #NRGstrategy
Il World Energy Focus, nuovo mensile online della WEC's community, una e-publication gratuita per essere sempre aggiornato sugli sviluppi del settore energetico. Il World Energy Focus contiene news, interviste esclusive e uno spazio dedicato agli eventi promossi dai singoli Comitati Nazionali.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Georg Erdmann, Prof. for Energy System at the Berlin University of Technology WEC Italia
Slides presentate in occasione del Seminario "The Energy transition in Europe: different pathways, same destination? organizzato da Edison in collaborazione con WEC Italia il 29 maggio 2013 a Roma - TWITTER #NRGstrategy
Il World Energy Focus, nuovo mensile online della WEC's community, una e-publication gratuita per essere sempre aggiornato sugli sviluppi del settore energetico. Il World Energy Focus contiene news, interviste esclusive e uno spazio dedicato agli eventi promossi dai singoli Comitati Nazionali.
Il World Energy Inside è una pubblicazione mensile del World Energy Council (WEC) contenente interviste a rappresentanti del WEC e dei Comitati Nazionali, overview e aggiornamenti sulle attività recenti e future del WEC in tutto il mondo e, approfondimenti sulle ultime news in ambito energetico.
According to the most recent estimates, 2014 emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), the main contributor to global climate change, are projected to be 2.5 percent higher than 2013 levels, which translates into the release of 37 billion additional tons of CO2 into the atmosphere. As negotiators wrap up their talks at the international climate conference in Lima, Peru, there is no indication that this trend will change soon. Scientists estimate that future emissions should not exceed 1,200 billion tons of CO2, in order to keep Earth's temperature increase to no more than 2 degrees Celsius and to avoid severe and irreversible environmental effects. Yet at the current rate of emissions, this remaining “quota” would be used up in less than a generation, writes Joel Stronberg, contributing author for the Worldwatch Institute’s (www.worldwatch.org) Vital Signs Online.
Positive Energy Buildings - Professional Development Course for EngineersMarianneSalama
This professional development course on energy efficient buildings discusses their role in the fight against global warming, their certifications and their financial justification while making reference to several case studies.
Take this course at:
https://www.ipolytek.com
On June 30, 2008, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh released India’s first National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) outlining existing and future policies and programs addressing climate mitigation and adaptation. The plan identifies eight core “national missions” running through 2017 .New NDA governent has added 4 more plan in the mission and old plans are being enhanced
Highlights of Thomas Friedman's arguments in "Hot, Flat, and Crowded." Lecture prepared by Dr. LaRae Donnellan and shared with her students at Florida A&M University
Giuseppe Zollino, Italian National Delegate FP7 Energy Committee - I programm...WEC Italia
Slides presentate in occasione del convegno "Le strategie europee di de-carbonizzazione - Quale ruolo per la Cattura e Stoccaggio della CO2?" organizzato il 16/05/2013 da WEC Italia e AIDIC in collaborazione con Energia Media
Serge has a simple and clear goal: help build an attractive, fossil-free future. In 2017 he launched FutureproofedCities — a cloud-based app to helping municipalities to drive climate plans and actions. Serge shows how innovative technology helps addressing climate change impact and how climate change is a driver for innovation.
"" is an initiative undertaken by the members of the French Nuclear Energy Society (SFEN), the American Nuclear Society (ANS) and the European Nuclear Society (ENS). It brings together nuclear scientists from all parts of the globe, through the representation of 60 regional and national nuclear associations.
2013 – 2014 Strategy and Sustainability Highlights ReportSchneider Electric
Since sustainable development is an integral part of Schneider Electric’s strategy, our Group is publishing a combined Business and Sustainable Development document (Key figures, interviews with stakeholders, actions in favor of new behaviors, …).
Il World Energy Inside è una pubblicazione mensile del World Energy Council (WEC) contenente interviste a rappresentanti del WEC e dei Comitati Nazionali, overview e aggiornamenti sulle attività recenti e future del WEC in tutto il mondo e, approfondimenti sulle ultime news in ambito energetico.
According to the most recent estimates, 2014 emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), the main contributor to global climate change, are projected to be 2.5 percent higher than 2013 levels, which translates into the release of 37 billion additional tons of CO2 into the atmosphere. As negotiators wrap up their talks at the international climate conference in Lima, Peru, there is no indication that this trend will change soon. Scientists estimate that future emissions should not exceed 1,200 billion tons of CO2, in order to keep Earth's temperature increase to no more than 2 degrees Celsius and to avoid severe and irreversible environmental effects. Yet at the current rate of emissions, this remaining “quota” would be used up in less than a generation, writes Joel Stronberg, contributing author for the Worldwatch Institute’s (www.worldwatch.org) Vital Signs Online.
Positive Energy Buildings - Professional Development Course for EngineersMarianneSalama
This professional development course on energy efficient buildings discusses their role in the fight against global warming, their certifications and their financial justification while making reference to several case studies.
Take this course at:
https://www.ipolytek.com
On June 30, 2008, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh released India’s first National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) outlining existing and future policies and programs addressing climate mitigation and adaptation. The plan identifies eight core “national missions” running through 2017 .New NDA governent has added 4 more plan in the mission and old plans are being enhanced
Highlights of Thomas Friedman's arguments in "Hot, Flat, and Crowded." Lecture prepared by Dr. LaRae Donnellan and shared with her students at Florida A&M University
Giuseppe Zollino, Italian National Delegate FP7 Energy Committee - I programm...WEC Italia
Slides presentate in occasione del convegno "Le strategie europee di de-carbonizzazione - Quale ruolo per la Cattura e Stoccaggio della CO2?" organizzato il 16/05/2013 da WEC Italia e AIDIC in collaborazione con Energia Media
Serge has a simple and clear goal: help build an attractive, fossil-free future. In 2017 he launched FutureproofedCities — a cloud-based app to helping municipalities to drive climate plans and actions. Serge shows how innovative technology helps addressing climate change impact and how climate change is a driver for innovation.
"" is an initiative undertaken by the members of the French Nuclear Energy Society (SFEN), the American Nuclear Society (ANS) and the European Nuclear Society (ENS). It brings together nuclear scientists from all parts of the globe, through the representation of 60 regional and national nuclear associations.
2013 – 2014 Strategy and Sustainability Highlights ReportSchneider Electric
Since sustainable development is an integral part of Schneider Electric’s strategy, our Group is publishing a combined Business and Sustainable Development document (Key figures, interviews with stakeholders, actions in favor of new behaviors, …).
An Overview of Power Plant CCS and CO2-EOR ProjectsHusen E . Bader
CO2 has been used for many decades in the industrial processes and food manufacturing, including soft drinks.
Likewise, it is an essential component of other everyday items such as fire extinguishers. In very high
concentrations, CO2 like any dense gas, can act as an asphyxiate material, which can be dangerous to humans with
its adverse impact on respiration. Thus, CO2 is captured to minimize risks to humans’ health and the environment. A
general overview of the current carbon capture and storage (CCS) and CO2 based enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR)
projects is presented in this paper. This work provides a summary of the current worldwide CCS and CO2-EOR
projects along with their potential benefits. CCS is a process used to capture CO2 that is produced by industrial
facilities. The CCS technology involves CO2 capture, transport and storage. On the other hand, EOR is a generic
term for various techniques to increase recovery from oil fields. The injection of CO2 into underground rock
formation of oil reservoirs in order to improve their recovery is called CO2-EOR.
The Coupled Climate-Energy System: Limiting Global Climatic Disruption by Rev...Larry Smarr
10.07.23
Invited Seminar
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Title: The Coupled Climate-Energy System: Limiting Global Climatic Disruption by Revolutionary Change in the Global Energy System
Boulder, CO
This project enumerates ways to mitigate climate change through eight strategies. Each strategy, called as 'wedge', when implemented could reduce carbon emission by 1b ton by 2055. This project prioritizes these strategies based on cost of implementation and public opinion. Ranks are assigned from 1 to 8, with 1 for highly feasible [low cost and less criticism] and 8 for hardly feasible.
As seen from the presentation, adopting to biofuels is found to be least feasible (rank-8), followed by fuel switching for electricity (rank-7). In contrast, improving transport efficiency is found to be highly feasible (rank-1), followed by efficiency in electricity production (rank-2). Justifications (qualitative and quantitative) are provided for the ranking of each strategy.
In the concluding slides, stakeholder perspectives are provided for automobile industry and industrial/developing nations. The climate wedges concept was developed by Princeton University, Ford and BP to find solutions to greenhouse gas problem (see references).
Reference:
- Carbon Mitigation Initiative http://cmi.princeton.edu/wedges/
- Stabilization Wedges Game https://cmi.princeton.edu/wedges/pdfs/teachers_guide.pdf
This work is done as a part of graduate course titled Global Air Pollutants in Spring 2016. The author was pursuing MS in Environmental Engineering Sciences at University of Florida during the making of this project.
Presentation by Dr. Chris Skinner, Director Product Platforms, Owens Corning, at CAMX on October 16, 2014.
Future market options for alternative energy – wind, geothermal, solar, ocean/tidal, flywheel technology, battery technology, and biofuels – are a growing area of interest for composites and advanced materials businesses. Knowing how to determine which source provides the most promise for composites applications, navigating the regulatory issues, and determining what design, materials, and manufacturing issues should be kept top of mind are discussed during this session.
WWF: Policy Expectations for COP 19 WarsawWWF ITALIA
Oggi possiamo salvare il clima e conquistare un futuro di benessere per noi e i nostri figli. Bruciare i combustibili fossili per procurarsi energia e calore ha portato la concentrazione di CO2 in atmosfera ai livelli di 3 milioni di anni fa. Dobbiamo riconquistare l'energia, puntare sulle fonti rinnovabili e l’efficienza energetica. Occorre investire le risorse pubbliche e private nel nostro futuro. E invece i nostri soldi continuano a finanziare il passato fossile. E' ora di cambiare noi, non il clima." Mariagrazia Midulla, Responsabile Clima ed Energia
http://www.wwf.it/riprenditilenergia.cfm
Sustainable Computing and Telecom Can Contribute to Limiting Global Climatic ...Larry Smarr
10.07.28
Invited Seminar
AT&T Shannon Labs
Title: Sustainable Computing and Telecom Can Contribute to Limiting Global Climatic Disruption
Florham Park, NJ
Low Carbon China - Innovation Beyond Efficiencypolicysolutions
Radical innovation is essential to achieve green growth. This paper presents three case studies of business model innovation: fertilizer, lighting services and end-of-life treatment of tires. It makes the case that a culture of innovation is the basis for a low-carbon economy, which demands that we individually and collectively:
• Aspire to transformational, not incremental change;
• Adopt new behaviors and think differently.
English translation of Mandarin original (in press with the Chinese journal Plant Engineering Consultants)
Biomass, Biofuel and Solar Energy Technology Shih Cheng Tung
In recent generation, the high growth rate of industrial development and population causes significant environmental change. The global warming is one of well-known phenomenon, which is led to by greenhouse gases. Moreover, the natural resources limitation urges humans need to develop sustainable solutions for energy using. Thus, several growing green technologies aim to improve the situation. It is important to raise the public awareness of sustainable energy as well.
Le facteur d’échelle a conduit au développement de réacteurs de forte puissance pour la production d’électricité. Pourtant les réacteurs de faible puissance suscitent un intérêt grandissant pour la production d’électricité ou la production de chaleur, voire la propulsion navale civile pour des porte-conteneurs de grande taille.
L'effet de taille l’emporte sur l’effet de série. Les petits réacteurs ne remplaceront probablement pas les gros pour produire l’électricité en base d’un pays industrialisé. Mais il reste peut-être des marchés de niche pour les petits réacteurs.
Plus d'informations : www.sfen.org
Du fait de leur niveau de radioactivité et leur durée de vie, ils seront stockés au Centre industriel de stockage géologique Cigéo. Les déchets HA sont intégrés dans une matrice de verre, ils sont ensuite coulés dans un colis en inox. Un colis de déchets HA contient environ 400 kg de verre pour environ 70 kg de déchets. En attendant la création du stockage profond Cigéo, ils sont entreposés notamment à l’usine de retraitement AREVA de La Hague (Manche), placés dans des installations confinant la radioactivité.
Du fait de leur niveau de radioactivité et leur durée de vie, ils seront stockés au Centre industriel de stockage géologique Cigéo. Les déchets HA sont intégrés dans une matrice de verre, ils sont ensuite coulés dans un colis en inox. Un colis de déchets HA contient environ 400 kg de verre pour environ 70 kg de déchets. En attendant la création du stockage profond Cigéo, ils sont entreposés notamment à l’usine de retraitement AREVA de La Hague (Manche), placés dans des installations confinant la radioactivité.
Plus d'informations : www.sfen.org
La gestion des déchets radioactifs est un domaine où la France est particulièrement en pointe, s’attachant à les réduire à la source, à diminuer leur volume une fois qu’ils sont produits, et à proposer une solution de gestion durable et pérenne. Avec toujours le même objectif : protéger l’environnement et la santé des populations aujourd’hui et demain.
Plus d'informations : www.sfen.org
Implantée en bordure du Rhône, sur la commune de Creys-Mépieu (Isère), la centrale de Creys-Malville appartenait à la filière des réacteurs à neutrons rapides refroidis au sodium (RNR). Elle est définitivement à l'arrêt depuis février 1998.
Après le déchargement complet du combustible (1999-2003), le démantèlement de la salle des machines a été effectué en 2003-2004.
Plusieurs éléments non requis pour la sûreté de l'installation ont également été démontés depuis la mise à l'arrêt de la centrale. Les plus visibles ont été les cheminées, les pylônes et les lignes électriques.
Divers chantiers de déconstruction proprement dite se déroulent régulièrement à l'intérieur des bâtiments, comme par exemple dans les générateurs de vapeur ou le bâtiment réacteur.
Le site a franchi aujourd'hui une nouvelle étape : le traitement des 5 500 tonnes de sodium (utilisé pour transporter la chaleur du cœur du réacteur vers les générateurs de vapeur) dans l'installation TNA.
La déconstruction complète de Superphénix est autorisée par le décret du 20 mars 2006. Ce même jour, un second décret autorisait EDF à exploiter jusqu'en 2035 l'APEC (Atelier pour l'Entreposage du Combustible), dans lequel est entreposé le combustible usé et neuf de Superphénix, ainsi que divers composants issus du démantèlement du réacteur.
Sur plus de 140 réacteurs nucléaires, 15 ont été entièrement démantelés, une cinquantaine sont en cours de démantèlement. En France, 19 installations (laboratoires, usines et réacteurs) ont été démantelées. 70 le sont actuellement dans le monde.
Le retrait du combustible du réacteur nucléaire est une étape clé car il permet d’enlever la quasi-totalité de la radioactivité du site. Pour le reste les opérations de démantèlement s’apparentent à des opérations de décontamination, d’assainissement, de démontage et de destruction des équipements et de génie civil. Les activités liées aux opérations de démantèlement sont moins génératrices d’emploi que les activités de conception, de construction et d’exploitation. En France, les activités nucléaires mobilisent 400 000 emplois (Etude PWC 2011 Le poids socio-économique du nucléaire en France) parmi lesquels les activités d’assainissement et de démantèlement mobilisent environ entre 10 à 12 000 personnes (emplois directs, indirects et induits).
Plus d'informations : www.sfen.org
- Le recyclage, un point-clé pour des systèmes nucléaires durables
- Recycler au sein de réacteurs aptes à tirer le meilleur
parti des matières: les réacteurs de 4ème génération à neutrons rapides
- Une approche progressive: le plutonium, premier enjeu! Les actinides mineurs, des attraits mais perspectives industrielles encore éloignées
- Le programme ASTRID porte aujourd’hui ces enjeux de
progrès
Plus d'informations : www.sfen.org
Le Groupe Régional Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur et Corse de la SFEN a organisé une deuxième édition du Colloque « Quelles ENERGIES pour demain » pour pallier au déficit d’information scientifique de la Société Civile sur les questions des ENERGIES . Il est indispensable que chaque citoyen soit éclairé sur les avantages et les inconvénients de chacune des énergies. Et les participations importantes à ces deux Colloques successifs nous rendent probablement raison et au moins prouvent l’intérêt du public pour ces sujets.
Plus d'informations : www.sfen.org
For many countries, nuclear power remains an
important option for improving energy security and
reducing the impact of volatile fossil-fuel prices. As
a stable, base-load source of electricity in an era of
ever-increasing global energy demand, nuclear power
complements other energy sources—including renewables.
And because nuclear power, together with hydropower
and wind energy, has the lowest life cycle greenhouse
gas emissions among all power generation sources, it is
crucially linked to mitigating the effects of climate change.
A clear correlation links energy poverty and real
poverty. Energy is the engine of development. In his
vision for Sustainable Energy for All, UN Secretary
General Ban Ki-moon says that “all energy sources and
technologies have roles to play in achieving universal
access in an economically, socially and environmentally
sustainable fashion.” Simply put, to provide energy
access to everyone, all forms of energy are needed.
More information : http://www.sfen.org/
The development of clean, affordable nuclear power options is a key element of the Department of Energy’s Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) Nuclear Energy Research and Development Roadmap. As a part of this strategy, a high priority of the Department has been to help accelerate the timelines for the commercialization and deployment of small modular reactor (SMR) technologies through the SMR Licensing Technical Support program. Begun in FY12, the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy’s Small Modular Reactor Licensing Technical Support program will advance the certification and licensing of domestic SMR designs that are relatively mature and can be deployed in the next decade.
More information : http://www.sfen.org/
Le recours au thorium est théoriquement possible pour alimenter un parc nucléaire. Le thorium n’est pas lui-même fissile, mais dans le cœur d’un réacteur il peut se transformer, par capture d’un neutron, en uranium 233 fissile. Quelques pays réfléchissent à l’utilisation de ce combustible, dont l’Inde qui en possède des réserves très importantes. Une caractéristique intéressante des réacteurs au thorium est que les résidus produits contiennent une quantité plus faible d’actinides mineurs et ne produisent pas de plutonium, ce qui est un avantage dans la gestion à long terme des déchets radioactifs. Cependant sa maturité industrielle ne pourra être atteinte que d’ici 20 à 30 ans si les efforts adéquats sont déployés.
Plus d'informations sur : http://www.sfen.org/
Depuis le 5 mars, nos activités ont été variées :
- une conférence animée par le Professeur Jacques Foos sur le thème « Les femmes et la découverte de l’énergie nucléaire » a été organisée par les étudiants de l’ESIX dans le cadre d’un appel à projet national « Ingénieuses’15 » organisé par le CDEFI (Conférence des Directeurs des Ecoles Françaises d’Ingénieurs),
- une visite exceptionnelle du chantier de l’EPR un jour d’éclipse et de grande marée,
- un dîner WiN Normandie le soir du premier avril
- une conférence de Jean-Marc Jancovici à la Cité de la Mer sur la transition énergétique.
Du 3 au 6 mai 2015, les meilleurs spécialistes internationaux des sciences et techniques de l’énergie nucléaire se retrouvent à Nice-Acropolis (Alpes-Maritimes) au congrès ICAPP (International Congress on Advances on nuclear Power Plants) pour échanger et partager sur les dernières innovations du nucléaire dans les domaines de la sûreté, l’environnement et la disponibilité.
Avec 500 contributions issues de plus de 40 pays, ICAPP 2015 permettra de dresser un tableau précis des programmes engagés, des projets et des travaux de recherches.
Inde, Russie, Turquie, Chine, Etats-Unis, Royaume-Uni, Japon, France, Afrique du Sud… tous les pays déjà impliqués dans l’énergie nucléaire et sur le point de s’y engager partageront sur l’avancée de leurs programmes.
ICAPP 2015 sera aussi le moment de découvrir l’actualité des réacteurs à neutrons rapides de la 4ème génération déjà en fonctionnement en Russie, en Inde et bientôt expérimentés en France avec ASTRID.
Congrès international de référence sur l’innovation dans l’énergie nucléaire, ICAPP 2015 sera marqué par plusieurs temps forts :
> Le 4 mai, la signature d’une charte par les Présidents de vingt-cinq associations scientifiques nucléaires sur les atouts du nucléaire pour lutter contre le changement climatique ;
Une session spéciale « Energie nucléaire et Changement climatique » donnera la parole à Fatih Birol, Directeur Exécutif de l’Agence Internationale de l’Energie et à James Hansen, climatologue américain, Directeur du Goddard Institute de la NASA.
> Le 5 mai, le lancement de la première revue scientifique dédiée au nucléaire : l’European Physical Journal – Nuclear et une session consacrée aux conditions du succès des projets nucléaires dans les pays « nouveaux entrants », comme les Emirats Arabes Unis, la Turquie ou l’Arabie Saoudite
> Le 6 mai, les relations entre nucléaire et société civile seront étudiées avec l’apport d’enquêtes d’opinion et le partage des expériences en France, Chine, Etats-Unis.
1. contraintes globales
2. la "décarbonisation" dans une perspective internationale
3. les voies de la transition énergétique en France
4. enjeux pour les politiques territoriales
Le 11 mars 2011 en début d’après-midi, environ 6 500 personnes, salariés de l’exploitant TEPCO et de ses entreprises partenaires, sont présentes sur le site de la centrale de Fukushima Dai-ichi lorsque celle-ci est victime d’un tremblement de terre suivi d’un tsunami. La centrale, gravement endommagée, a relâché d’importantes quantités d’effluents radioactifs, nécessitant l’évacuation de près d’environ 146 000 habitants, dont 80 000 à long terme.
4 ans après, un plan d’action est déployé par TEPCO pour évacuer les combustibles nucléaires, stocker l’eau contaminée et gérer les déchets issus du démantèlement. Le programme de décontamination des territoires avance et certaines activités redémarrent progressivement.
Avec l’arrêt provisoire de ses réacteurs nucléaires, le Japon a augmenté ses importations d’énergies fossiles. Ses émissions de CO2 ont augmenté en conséquence (+ 6% entre 2011 et 2012), l’Archipel a dû sortir de la trajectoire fixée dans le cadre du Protocole de Kyoto et le déficit de sa balance commerciale s’est accru.
Le gouvernement japonais prévoit le redémarrage de plusieurs réacteurs nucléaires à plus ou moins court terme, dans des conditions de sûreté renforcée et d’acceptation par les populations et administrations locales.
La Société Française d'Energie Nucléaire (SFEN) dresse l'état des lieux de la situation au Japon et les perspectives du nucléaire dans l'Archipel.
La SFEN se félicite des déclarations de Ségolène Royal. Cependant, elle regrette que le projet de loi sur la transition énergétique pour la croissance verte n’ouvre toujours pas de perspective pour le parc existant ou les nouvelles constructions.
Energie décarbonée, le nucléaire est un atout indispensable pour réussir la transition énergétique et atteindre les objectifs climatiques. En tirer parti passe par l’exploitation en toute sûreté des centrales nucléaires au-delà de 40 ans et la construction de nouvelles capacités de production.
Investir dans les centrales nucléaires pour les exploiter au-delà de 40 ans est une priorité. L’énergie nucléaire continuera d’être la solution énergétique la plus compétitive pour les années à venir. Par ailleurs, exploiter les centrales nucléaires dans la durée évitera de « re-carboner » le mix énergétique comme c’est le cas en Allemagne.
Avec 220 000 emplois, l’industrie nucléaire est la troisième filière industrielle de France. Construire de nouveaux réacteurs permettra de la renforcer en France et à l’export :
• La filière se prépare déjà au renouvellement du parc nucléaire. Elle construit plusieurs réacteurs de 3e génération (EPR) dans le monde et développe des synergies pour optimiser cette technologie. La filière occupe la première place en matière de recherche sur les réacteurs de 4e génération.
• La montée en puissance de la filière nucléaire sera créatrice d’emplois. Selon le cabinet PwC, les phases d’études et de construction d’un réacteur EPR créent 8 350 emplois. Des emplois pérennes, non délocalisables, et à forte valeur ajoutée.
• En matière nucléaire, le savoir-faire français est reconnu internationalement. La construction de nouveaux réacteurs de technologie française dans l’Hexagone favorisera l’exportation de l’offre française sur un marché en expansion.
La conférence de Lima vient de se terminer et montre que des efforts sont encore nécessaires pour parvenir à un accord permettant de limiter et de stabiliser la hausse des températures à 2°C d'ici à la fin du siècle.
Consciente de l’urgence climatique et de la nécessité de parvenir à un accord global, la communauté nucléaire internationale se mobilise et lance « Nuclear for Climate ». Cette initiative est une première par sa dimension internationale – les sociétés savantes et les forums nucléaires du monde entier y sont rassemblés – et par sa diversité car elle représente l’ensemble de la communauté nucléaire.
More from Société Française d'Energie Nucléaire (20)
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Nuclear and Climate - Position paper - SFEN
1. Nuclear power is part of the solution for fighting
climate change
"Nuclear for Climate" is an initiative undertaken by the members of the French Nuclear Energy Society
(SFEN), the American Nuclear Society (ANS) and the European Nuclear Society (ENS). It brings together
nuclear scientists from all parts of the globe, through the representation of 60 regional and national
nuclear associations.
The French Nuclear Society (SFEN) is a non-profit, international, scientific and educational
organization. Founded in 1973, SFEN includes 3,600 members, researchers, engineers, professionals,
physicians working mostly in the nuclear field. Its purpose is to promote the progress of nuclear
science and technology and to contribute to the public knowledge about this form of energy.
The contribution of SFEN to the preparation of the Climate Conference in Paris (COP21)
As a scientific association, SFEN recognizes the conclusions of Working Group I of the IPCC
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), which states that human activity and greenhouse
gas emissions are - with "95% certainty”1
- responsible for climate change.
These findings are the result of the collective work of experts from 40 countries who analyzed
and assessed 9,200 scientific publications, according to the principle of "peer reviewing".
Basic context:
The 2DS scenario of the IEA (International Energy Agency) describes the energy options
available for limiting the average global temperature increase to 2°C.
The 6DS IEA scenario outlines the energy scenario if no effort is made to reduce CO2
emissions.
Working Group I of the IPCC assesses climate change.
Working Group III of the IPCC assesses the technological options available for mitigating
climate change by limiting or preventing CO2 emissions.
The IPCC has defined a "carbon budget"2
of cumulative CO2 emissions that should not
be exceeded if average global warming is to be contained to 2°C. It estimates that the
total amount will be some 2,900 billion tons of CO2 accumulated between the beginning
of the pre-industrial era to 2050.
1 IPCC Working group I report : http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_SummaryVolume_FINAL.pdf
2 Carbon Brief from based on figures from the IPCC: http://www.carbonbrief.org/blog/2014/11/six-years-worth-of-current-emissions-
would-blow-the-carbon-budget-for-1-point-5-degrees/
2. The Kyoto Protocol (1997) signatories have pledged to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases in
order to limit to 2°C the rise in the average temperature of the planet by 2050. Beyond this
threshold the environmental and societal impacts would be dramatic and irreversible.
To achieve this goal SFEN believes that:
Given the scale of the challenge, the world will need all low-carbon energy sources,
including nuclear
According to the IPCC3
, in 35 years’ time 80% of global electricity will need to be low-
carbon (compared with 30% today) in order to contain climate change. At the same time,
the global demand for electricity is expected to double. This challenge requires the use of
all low-carbon technologies: renewables, nuclear and CCS (fossil fuels with CO2 capture
and sequestration).
It is urgent to use now all available low-carbon energy sources
The planet has already consumed two-thirds of its carbon budget. To contain climate
change it will need to reduce CO2 emissions without waiting for future operational
technologies. Nuclear energy is one of the industrial solutions that can be implemented
immediately on a large scale.
Each country needs access to the widest possible portfolio of low-carbon
technologies
Very few scenarios (8 of 1200)4
permit the containment of the rise in temperature to 2°C
without the contribution of nuclear energy. The UNFCCC (United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change) Protocols must allow countries who wish to do so, to use
nuclear energy and have access to climate change financing, as is the case for all other
low-carbon energy sources.
3 IPCC Working Group I Report : http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_SummaryVolume_FINAL.pdf
4
IPCC Working Goup III Report: http://ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_full.pdf
3. Given the scale of the challenge, the world will need all low-carbon energy
sources, including nuclear
The challenge is historic: in 35 years’ time 80% of electricity will need to be low-carbon5
Today, 70% of the world's electricity comes from fossil fuels (coal, gas, oil). Electricity is the main
source of CO2 emissions. By contrast, low-carbon energy sources account for only 30% of the
electricity mix.
To reverse this tendency, significant efforts will be needed, especially as the share of fossil fuels
is not declining: since 2010, the growth of coal was actually higher than that of all non-fossil
energy sources combined6
.
Since 1990 (the reference year for the Kyoto Protocol), CO2 emissions, far from decreasing, have
actually continued to increase (+ 60%)7
. If the electricity mix continues to be dominated by fossil
fuels, the average global rise in temperature will be 6°C8
, well beyond the objective of 2°C.
The equation is complex: reduce CO2 emissions and meet the basic needs of humanity
By 2050 the world’s population will be around 9.6 billion9
. Progress in the field of energy
efficiency, even significant, will not be sufficient to meet rising electricity demand (which is
growing faster than energy demand).
The IEA10
scenarios, although ambitious in terms of energy efficiency, predict an increase in
electricity demand by 2050 from 80% (warming to 2°C, 2DS scenario) to 130% (warming to 6°C,
6DS scenario), which is mainly driven by emerging economies.
The fight against climate change should not jeopardize the development of emerging countries:
1.2 billion11
people - the equivalent of the population of India or Africa – do not have access to
electricity. And 2.8 billion use wood or other biomass products for cooking and heating, which
creates pollution that is harmful for human health.
The main emitters of CO2 in the world, China and India, are among these emerging countries. In
both countries coal represents respectively 70% and 80% of total electricity production. These
countries have mastered nuclear technology. Therefore, the development of their nuclear plants
must be encouraged for them to meet their climate targets.
5 IPCC Working Group III Report: http://ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_full.pdf
6 Energy Technology Perspectives 2014, IEA
http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/EnergyTechnologyPerspectives_ES.pdf
7 Carbon brief http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/14/hl-compact.htm
8 Energy Technology Perspectives 2014, IEA
http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/EnergyTechnologyPerspectives_ES.pdf
9 United Nations http://esa.un.org/wpp/documentation/pdf/wpp2012_press_release.pdf
10 Technology Roadmap 2014, IEA http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/technology-roadmap-nuclear-energy-
1.html
11
World Bank http://documents.banquemondiale.org/curated/fr/2013/01/17747859/global-tracking-framework-vol-1-3-resume-general
4. The IPCC identifies three types of carbon-free electricity: renewables, nuclear and CCS
Nuclear power is a low-carbon energy source. Throughout its life cycle (construction, operation,
decommissioning) its emissions are comparable to those of renewable energy sources. Nuclear
power emits an average of 15g CO2/kwh12
.This is thirty times less than gas (400g/kwh), 50 times
less than coal (700g/kwh), the same level as wind power (11g/kwh) and three times less than the
photovoltaic (45g/kwh).
Nuclear and renewables have proven to be effective. By contrast, the IEA considers that CCS
(Carbon Sequestration and Capture) had developed "slowly, due to high costs and a lack of political
and financial commitment."
Electrification is an effective vector for decarbonizing13
Electricity is required to replace fossil fuels in many sectors (e.g. housing and transport) thereby
reducing CO2 emissions. To achieve global climate targets, the IEA recommends that electricity
account for 25% of the energy mix (compared to 17% today)14
by 2050.
In the transport sector, the second largest CO2 emitter, deployment of rail transport using low-
carbon electricity significantly reduces the consumption of oil and coal, pending the
development of electric vehicles. In buildings, the development of low-carbon electricity is also
an important means of reducing CO2 emissions.
It is urgent to use now all available low-carbon energy sources
70% of the carbon budget has been consumed: it is time to act
Once released, CO2 remains in the atmosphere for a long time.
The IPCC has defined a "carbon budget"15
of cumulative CO2 emissions that must not be
exceeded if we are to contain average global warming to 2°C. It is estimated that a total of 2,900
billion tons will have been emitted between the start of pre-industrial era to 2050.
2000 billion tons have already been released into the atmosphere, with a strong acceleration
recorded in recent years (1000 billion tons in 40 years). It is, therefore, necessary to initiate
immediate reduction efforts, without waiting for future technologies that will contribute in
proportion to their availability.
12 NEEDS projects, 2009
13
Energy Technology Perspectives 2014, IEA
http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/EnergyTechnologyPerspectives_ES.pdf
14 2DS Scenario of the IEA
15 Carbon Brief according to the IPCC data: http://www.carbonbrief.org/blog/2014/11/six-years-worth-of-current-emissions-would-blow-
the-carbon-budget-for-1-point-5-degrees/
5. Nuclear energy is an available, low-carbon and efficient industrial solution
With 43816
nuclear reactors in operation, nuclear energy is available in 30 countries.
Nuclear power has demonstrated its effectiveness. Currently, only six countries meet or exceed
the recommendations of the IPCC electricity mix (80% of low-carbon electricity). Four of them -
Switzerland, Sweden, France and Brazil - have a mix including a notable share of nuclear power.
40% of electricity from Switzerland and Sweden comes from nuclear. In France17
the total is 77%.
For its part, Brazil has two nuclear reactors.
In OECD countries nuclear energy is the primary source of low-carbon electricity: we must
preserve this asset to achieve our climate goals
In the United States, nuclear power accounts for 66% of the low-carbon electricity generated. Of
the hundred in operation, 75 reactors have already been allowed to operate for 60 years.
In the European Union, nuclear energy accounts for more than half of all low-carbon electricity.
Finland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Sweden and Switzerland have also launched
programmes to extend the lifetime of their reactors. In France, EDF intends to complete the
renovation of its 58 reactors, and to have them operate safely beyond 40 years.
Extending the operating lifetime of the existing nuclear fleet is undeniably interesting because it
permits the use of an efficient industrial resource that has broken even, and enables efforts to
reduce CO2 emissions to be concentrated on the share of energy consumption from fossil fuels.
Japan still has 48 nuclear reactors. Their shutdown after the Fukushima accident led the country
to increase the share of fossil fuels in its energy mix, to 85%, the opposite of what is
recommended by the IPCC. Japan's CO2 emissions increased by 6% in 2012. It had to ‘decommit’
from meeting its targets as set by the Kyoto Protocol. The restart of some reactors could enable
Japan to reduce its CO2 emissions.
Nuclear power is a solution for supporting low-carbon growth in emerging countries
In 2050, the six largest economies will be the United States and the "BRICS" (Brazil, Russia, India,
China and South Africa). All already operate nuclear reactors and have ambitious nuclear
programs. In China, more than 20 reactors are under construction18
. According to IEA19
, to
achieve its climate goals, China alone is expected to account for a third of the world’s nuclear
fleet by 2050.
For these countries economic development is essential. For growth to be low-carbon, such
development should support China’s nuclear energy program.
16 IAEA 2014 http://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/GC/GC58/GC58InfDocuments/English/gc58inf-6_en.pdf
17 RTE, 2014 http://www.rte-france.com/sites/default/files/bilan_electrique_2014.pdf
18 IAEA 2014 http://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/GC/GC58/GC58InfDocuments/English/gc58inf-6_en.pdf
19
2DS Scenario of the IEA
6. Nuclear power will continue to be an asset for reducing CO2 emissions
According to IEA20
since 1971 nuclear power has enabled the avoidance worldwide of the
equivalent of two years of CO2 emissions. This is to date the most significant contribution made
by low-carbon energy sources21
. By 2040, nuclear power could have saved the equivalent of four
years of CO2 emissions.
In Europe, nuclear power avoids annual CO2 emissions equivalent to those produced every year
by all the cars on the roads in Germany, Spain, France, the United Kingdom and Italy22
put
together.
Each country needs access to the widest possible portfolio of
low-carbon technologies
Very few scenarios without nuclear manage to stay below the 2°C threshold
Only 8 of the 1,20023
scenarios recorded and evaluated by the IPCC simultaneously promote the
limiting global warming to 2°C and the phasing out of nuclear power. In an open letter24
published in late 2013, four major climate scientists stated: "There is no credible way to climate
stabilization that does not include an important role for nuclear energy"….we cannot afford to turn
our back on any technology".
According to the 2DS scenario, which is considered to be its most effective blueprint for keeping
to the target of a 2°C rise, the IEA forecasted that gross nuclear capacity could be more than
doubled by 2050, from its current level of around 400 GWe to 930 GWe. This corresponds to an
increase in the share of nuclear power in the global energy mix from 11% to 17%25
.
For each country involved in the fight against climate change all national objectives and
specific characteristics must be integrated
Generally speaking, energy policies pursue several objectives: economic and territorial
development, security of supply, energy efficiency, purchasing power, industrial development,
etc. Each country has to deal with a wide variety of constraints in terms of natural resources,
infrastructure, skills, public opinion, transport networks and distribution and electricity demand.
For the COP21 talks in Paris each country will have to submit its national contribution to the
overall global effort to reduce carbon emissions. To succeed, it is necessary that countries have
20 World Energy Outlook, IEA, 2014 http://www.iea.org/newsroomandevents/pressreleases/2014/november/signs-of-stress-must-not-be-
ignored-iea-warns-in-its-new-world-energy-outlook.html
21 World Energy Outlook, IEA, 2014 http://www.iea.org/newsroomandevents/pressreleases/2014/november/signs-of-stress-must-not-be-
ignored-iea-warns-in-its-new-world-energy-outlook.html
22 Eurostat, 2014
23 Report of the IPCC Group III: http://ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_full.pdf
24 Washington Post, 2013 http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/NuclearPowerInClimateBattle.WashingtonPost_2013.11.03.pdf
25
World Energy Investment Outlook, IEA, 2014 http://www.iea.org/newsroomandevents/pressreleases/2014/june/name,72035,en.html
7. access to the broadest possible portfolio of low-carbon energy options, which will allow them
maximum flexibility to meet national challenges and contribute to the global objective.
Nuclear energy reduces CO2 emissions, while helping to improve security of supply and
economic security
Nuclear energy can contribute significantly to the energy security of a country, as it reduces its
need to import coal and gas.
Unlike fossil fuels, whose prices are subject to significant fluctuations, the production costs of
nuclear energy are stable over time. This represents genuine economic security for States and
economic players alike.
In electrical systems the production profiles of nuclear energy and renewables are
complementary
The use of renewable energy sources for electricity generation, including hydropower, provides
countries with a solution - to varying a degree - depending upon each country’s available
resources. Nuclear power offer’s another solution for countries that can and want to develop it.
Intermittent and "controllable" sources complement each other to ensure the optimal use and
flexibility of power systems.
Nuclear, hydro, bio-electricity and geo-electricity afford very high levels of availability (operating
24 hours a day with programmed maintenance shutdowns). They offer services that allow
systems to accommodate the variability of solar and wind energy.
In tropical and equatorial areas, where air conditioning is developed, the production of solar
electricity is highest during peak demand hours. By combining solar and nuclear the
development of an electricity generating fleet with very low CO2 emissions can be achieved.
In about 15 to 20 years’ time, innovative multi-energy systems, including renewables and nuclear
power (cogeneration, heat and power coupling, coupling with electrolysers), will facilitate the
broader use of low-carbon electricity by harnessing new applications, such as carbon-free heat,
biofuels, electric and hydrogen mobility, (bio)gas networks, storage services, etc.
Over the next 35 years the technology portfolio will have been expanded to include
storage, renewables and Generation IV reactors
Just as today it is essential to apply the widest possible portfolio of low-carbon solutions, so will it
be possible by 2050 to have access to a broad portfolio of new technology solutions, including
electricity storage, new renewable energy sources and nuclear.
One deliverable that it is expected to emerge from COP21 is the provision for the nuclear
industry of a calm environment that will help stimulate innovation, promote more efficient
energy solutions, give rise to even greater safety standards, and facilitate the production of less
waste. Research into Generation IV reactors is already well advanced, and France is one of the
leaders in this field.
8. Contacts
Valérie FAUDON – Executive Director
01 53 58 32 26 - 07 87 76 53 29
valerie.faudon@sfen.org
Isabelle JOUETTE – Communication Director
01 53 58 32 20 - 06 71 92 23 95
isabelle.jouette@sfen.org
Boris LE NGOC – PR and Digital Communication Officer
01 53 58 32 23 - 06 60 71 63 36
boris.lengoc@sfen.org
SFEN
103 rue Réaumur - 75002 PARIS
01 53 58 32 10
www.sfen.org