Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins. There are several classes of NSAIDs including salicylates, para-aminophenol derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, phenylpropionic acid derivatives, and oxicams. NSAIDs are well absorbed orally and highly protein bound. They are metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in the bile. NSAIDs are indicated for reducing inflammation and pain in conditions like arthritis but can increase risks in pregnant women or those with gastrointestinal or liver issues. Common side effects include gastrointestinal distress and bleeding.

2. Non Steroidal Anti inflammatory
Drugs

3.  Hira shahid

4. OF NSAIDS

5.  It is a normal , protective response to tissues
injury caused by physical trauma, noxious
chemicals, or microbiologic agents.
 Inflammation is mediated by release of chemical
mediators from the injured tissues such as
histamine, prostaglandins, bradykinins, etc.

6. All of the NSAIDS basically act by
inhibiting the synthesis of
Prostaglandins

9.  Salicylates: Acetyl salicylic acid
 Para amino phenol derivative: Phenacitin,
PCM
 Pyrazolon Derivative: Phenylbutazone
 Phenyl propionic acid: Ibuprofen
 Acetyl salicylic acid: Diclofenac Na.
 Oxicam: Piroxicam

12.  Primary Character:
Origin:
Synthetics
 Pharmacologic groups:
 NSAIDS (Non-Steroidal anti inflammatory drugs)
 Pharmacokinetics:
 Bioavailability: 100%
 Protein binding: More than 99%

13.  Metabolism: Hepatic, no active metabolism
exist
 Half life: 1.2-2hrs
 Excretion: Biliary, only1%in urine
 High risk group:
 Pregnant females.

14.  Indication:
 To reduce inflammation as an analgesic in condition such
as arthritis or acute injury, menstrual pain,
dysmenorrheal, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, dental
pain, spondylarthritis, gout attacks, pain management in
case of kidney stone and gall stones.
 Contraindication:
 Hypersensitivity to diclofenac, peptic ulcer, ulcerative
colitis, severs liver insufficiency, renal insufficiency.
 Sides’ effects:
 Diclofenac is better tolerated. However transient epigastic
pain, GI disturbances, headache, odema was observed.
Rarely peptic ulcer, skin rashes, pain at inj site.

15.  Interactions:
 Salicylates, methotrexate, lithium, digoxin, diuretics, cyclosporine,
anticoagulants , oralhypoglycaemics, quinolones,NSAIDS, steroids.
 Warning and precautions:
 A warning has been issued by FDA not to be used to treat patients
recovering from heart surgery, caution in patients with severe active
bleeding such as cerebral hemorrhage. Monitor patients on long
term treatment. Pregnancy, lactation. Hepatic porphyria
and elderly.
 Available dosage forms:
 Oral (Tablet, capsule), inject able (I/M, I/V), topical.
 Doses:
 Adult dose: 75-150 mg daily in two or three divided doses orally.
 Children: Over one year 1-3 mg/Kg body weight daily in divided doses
orally.

16.  Primary characters
 Origin ; synthetic
 Chemical class; propionic acid derivative
 Pharmacological group; NSAIDS , antipyretic ,non-narcotic
,analgesic
 PHARMACOKINETIC
 Volume of distribution; 0.14lL/kg
 Half life; 2-4 HR
 Plasma protien binding=,;99%

17.  HIGH RISK GROUP;
 pregnant women
 INDICATIONS;
 pain & fever
 CONTRAINDICATION
 ;hpersensitivity to NSAIDs ,(including symptoms of
asthma)
 ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS;
 CHF, GI bleeding, nephrotoxicity, dry mouth, anorexia
 INTERACTIONS;
 amino glycosides , anti coagulants , ACE inhibitors , alpha blockers
 DOSE;
 adults 1200-1800mg thrice daily
 Max 2-4g daily
 DOSAGE FORM AVAILABE; ibuprofen Tab 200mg
 Brufen Tab 200mg.400mg,600mg
 Susp 5ml/100mg

19.  primary character:
 origin: synthetic
 chemical group: Antranilic acid
 Pharmacological group:
 Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, analgesic and Anti-inflammatory agents
Pharmacokinetics:
 oral absorption: 92.5%
 volume of distribution: 1.3
 plasma protein binding: 99%
 metabolism: extensive by liver

20.  Indications:
mild to moderate pain, headache, pain in
rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthrosis,menorrhaLgia,
dysmenorrhoea
Contra-indication:
ulcerative lesions of git, inflamatory
bowl disease, renal or hepatic impairment
Warning and precautions:
Elderly, Herat failure, bronchial asthma
,allergic disorders, pregnancy , lactation. Use in
caution in patients with intrinsic coagulation defects
and those on co-agulant therapy.

21.  Interactions:
Anticoagulants, quinolones, sulphonylureas, hydantions
Adverse effects:
 GI intolerance, skin rash, renal impairment, blood dyscrasias
Available dosage form:
 tablets, suspensions
mefanac
ponston
proton
Adult dose:
 500 mg three times daily
suspensions
50mg 2-4 yrs
100mg 5-8 yrs
150 mg 9-12 yrs

22.  PRIMARY CHARACTERS;
 ORIGIN : Synthetic.
 PHARMACOLOGICAL GROUP: NSAIDS.
 PHARMACOKINETICS: Well absorbed in the GIT. Rapidly hydrolyzed to
salicylic acid in the plasma which inhibits
prostaglandin synthesis.
HALF LIFE: 20 MINUTES.
HIGH RISK GROUP
 : Patients with renal and hepatic insufficiency, pregnancy, allergic diseases and
not to be used in patients with bronchial asthma.
INDICATIONS: Used as an analgesic , antipyretic and as anti-inflammatory
drug for mild to moderate pain

23.  CONTRAINDICATIONS:
 1) Should never be used in children under 12 years of age.
 2) Not to be used in patients with bronchial asthma as it causes
SALICYLISM in them.
SIDE EFFECTS:
 GIT ulceration, prolonged bleeding time, respiratory failure, and
hypersensitivity reaction.
INTERACTIONS: Heparin and any anticoagulants may cause
haemorrhage.
Antacids reduces rate of absorption of aspirin.
Thiopental increases plasma concentration.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS:
 Not to be used in asthamatics, in pregnancy and in children.
DOSAGE FORM AVALIBLE: Tablets.
ADULT DOSAGE:
 300-900 mg every 4-6 hour when necessary.

24.  PRIMARY CHARACTER:
 Origin: Synthetic
 Pharmacologic group: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor:
 Chemical group: Propionic acid
 PHARMACOKINETIC:
 Oral Absorption: 100%
 Plasma protein binding: .99%
 Metabolism: Extensive by liver
 Excretion: Renal excretion 99.7-99%
 HIGH RISK GROUP:
 Pregnant women, nursing mothers, neonates and geriatics

25.  INDICATIONS:
 Rheumatoid arthritis, osteo arthritis,acutegout, and in mild to
moderate pain, and in treatment of dysmenorrhea.
 CONTRAINDICATION:
 In hepatic dysfunction, Asthma, Haemotological defects, in
pregnancy, nursing mothers and geriatric
 SIDE EFFECTS:
 Nausea, Headache, dyspepsia, and flue syndrome, edema.
Rash..
 INTERACTIONS:
 ACE Inhibitors, Aspirin, Lithium, Methotrexate, Warfarin.
 WARNING:
 Caution should be taken in usage during CV disease, Hepatic
impairment, Renal impairment, in Pregnancy, During
lactation and in neonatrs.

26.  Available Dosage Forms:
 Tabs. Naprelan
 Novo-Naprox
 Synflex, Proxen (250, 500, 750 mg Tabs)
 ADULT DOSE:
 375 mg once daily
 or 500mg once daily
 or 250-500mg b.d

27.  PRIMARY CHARACTERISTICS:
 Origin: Synthetic
 Pharmacological Group: : Non Opoid analgesic
 Chemical group: Aniline derivative
 PHARMACOKINETIC:
 Metabolism: Extensive by liver
 Excretion: Renal excretion 99.7-99%
 HIGH RISK GROUP:
 Pts with hepatic insufficiency
 INDICATIONS:
 Mild to moderate pain, for analgesia in Aspirin allergic patients. Fever

28.  CONTRAINDICATIONS:
 Hypersensitivity to acetaminophen, Impaired hepatic
function.
 INTERACTIONS:
 Anticoagulant, anti convalsants, Rifampicin, Ethanol,
Isoniazid
 SIDEEFFECTS:
 Dizziness, hypoglycemia, skin rashes, drug fever,
 LIVER: At therapeutic doses, mild increase in hepatic
enzyme but in case of injestion of 15g or more, causes severe
hepatotoxicity with liver necrosis.
 WARNING: in patients with Hepatic Insufficiency.
 DOSE:
 325-500MG q.d orally
 DOSAGE FORM AVAILABLE:
 Tabs. Elixirs, Suspensions, Syrups
 Paraheim.
 Paramac,Panadol, Panadol Extra.

29.  Prolong bleeding
time
 GI Ulceration
 Nausea Vomiting