The Network Planning Tool (NPT) is a 3D modeling software that allows for: 1) Planning of 2G/3G/4G and WiFi networks through modeling of urban and rural areas. 2) Optimizing network models through field measurements and calculation. 3) Analyzing the reliability and robustness of future mobile networks for critical infrastructure services.

1. Network Planning Tool
for Securing
Critical Infrastructures
Seppo.Horsmanheimo@vtt.fi

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Network Planning Tool (NPT)
 2G/3G/4G and Wifi network planning
tool
 3D modelling of urban and rural areas
 Field measurements and calculation
model optimisation
 Modelling of electricity distribution
networks
 Storm and medium voltage network
failure simulations
 Modelling of city areas including
indoor spaces
 Analysis of future mobile networks’
(LTE ProSe) reliability and robustness
for critical infrastructure services
Network Planning Tool

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Measurement and Analysis Process
Network Planning Tool
Part1:
Modelling
Part2:
Measurements
Part3:
Performance
Assessment
Part4:
UseCases,
e.g.Fault
Simulations

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Modelling of
Telecommunication
Networks and Fine-Tuning
with Measurements

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Network Planning Tool Basics
Modelling of Telecommunication Networks…
 What can be analysed:
 Coverage, capacity, data rates, and
application level QoS
 Disconnected calls and data
connections
 Interference (inter and intra-cell,
inter-system)
 Different network configurations
 Delays and jitter
 Different antenna patterns
 Application areas:
 Network planning and performance assessment
 Discovery of hotspot areas where QoS requirements are not fulfilled
 Support for location / context aware solutions
 Interaction between electric distribution grid and commercial cellular networks

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Core Components for Coverage Prediction
Modelling of Telecommunication Networks…
3D terrain and buildings (part of Otaniemi area)
3D city model produced
by TerraSolid
 Environment
 3D models (terrain, vegetation, buildings,
waters,…)
 Propagation models
 Empirical, semi-deterministic,
deterministic/ray-tracing models
 Clutter models
 Parameters
 Calculation scenario (networks, resolution,
simulation area,…)
 Transmitter and receiver (antenna
heights, transmission powers, gains,
radiation patterns, …)
 Field measurements
 Validation of coverage calculations
 Calibration of propagation models

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Wireless Systems and Propagation Models
Modelling of Telecommunication Networks…
 Modelled wireless networks
 LTE(800/1800/2600),
UMTS (2100/900), GSM (900/1800),
WLAN, WiMAX, CDMA450
 Special configurations, e.g. for
low frequencies
 Several propagation models:
 FreeSpace, Egli, Delisle-Egli,
Longley-Rice, Erceg,
ECC33, Xia-JTC,
OkumuraHata, CostHata,
Walfish-Ikegami, CostWI,
Winner models,…
 Covered frequencies ~ 20 MHz – 40 GHz
Example of five WLAN sites in Otaniemi scenario

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Heterogeneous Network Planning
BTS Locations
3D Building Model
Predicted LTE Coverage
Modelling of Telecommunication Networks…

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Measurements for Propagation Model
Optimization
Original Result Fully optimized After ’sanity’ check

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Location Aware
Measurements

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 VTT has developed a comprehensive set of
measurement and analysis tools to support
spatiotemporal measurements
 To discover problematic areas in mobile
and other networks both indoors and outdoors
• Buildings, Basements
 To collect and analyse network characteristics
 Coverage, Capacity, and Latency
Network Coverage and QoS Measurements
Modelling of Telecommunication Networks…

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Suburban area Measurements (Outdoor)
2G
3G
4G
Measurements and Positioning

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Rural Area Measurements (Outdoor)
Nemo
Outdoor
Viola Arctic
2G/3G
Measurements and Positioning

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Indoor Measurements
Measured rsrp values and cell counts in LTE network
Measured rssi values and cell counts in WLAN network
Measurements and Positioning

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Camera and 3D proximity
sensor (Point Cloud)
2D proximity sensor
(scanning laser)
PIR
(motion sensor)
IMU
(acceleration, angle velocity)
LDR
(light intensity sensor)
Ultra Sound sensors
(proximity)Servo motors
(max 1m/s, 2hp)
PC computer
Mobile Robot Platform for Positioning and
Indoor Measurements
Quuppa HAIP sensor and tag
Measurements and Positioning

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Indoor Measurement
Robustness of Interdependent Networks

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Analysis of Different Operators and Different
RANs (indoor and outdoor)
Used for selecting the best operator and best network during large-scale crisis
Robustness of Interdependent Networks

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Interdependency of Mobile
Communication and
Electricity Distribution
Networks

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Motivation
 Interdependency of electricity distribution
and mobile communication networks has
increased due to automation and remote
control.
 Loss of electricity and communication
capabilities causes chain-effects
jeopardizing critical infrastructure
services.
 There is a need for reliable and resilient
wireless communications to support
remote control and monitoring of Smart
Grids.
a
Interdependent Networks

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Analysis of Electricity Distribution Network
Failures
One feeder down
*) Gray indicates network entities without electricity.
One substation down Several substations down
*) Color indicates the redundancy of 2G networks measured with different devices
Downlink redundancy rasters
Interdependent Networks

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Measurement and Analysis Tool (NPT)
 Interdependencies between these
networks have little been studied
or simulated.
 We need to understand better the
interdependencies of the networks
in severe failure situations e.g.
storms and to find novel ways to
alleviate consequences.
 Our goal is to make
interdependent electricity
distribution and communications
networks more reliable and
resilient.
Interdependent Networks

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Measurement and Analysis Tool (NPT)
 Includes novel recovery algorithms
for communications to cope with
large-scale outages.
 Targeted to critical communications
and public safety applications.
 Low latency, high availability, and
ultra-reliability are the critical
parameters being assessed.
 Both offline and real-time monitoring
is supported including one-way
latency measurements with Qosmet
tool.
Interdependent Networks

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Risk and vulnerability analysis of energy and
communication networks
 Long experience in developing risk,
reliability and safety analysis methods
and applying the methods to the risk and
safety management processes.
 Network dependability assessment
• Methodologies and mathematical
modelling
• Human factors
 Analysis of risks in networking
• Detect critical weaknesses in
networks
• Use case: Interdependency of power
distribution and communication
network in failure situations
Interdependent Networks

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Recent Publications
 S. Horsmanheimo, L. Tuomimäki, K. Mäki, Interoperability of Electricity Distribution and Communication
Networks in Large-Scale Outage Situations, Oct 18-22, 2015, Japan (submitted).
 S. Horsmanheimo, M. Kamali, M. Kolehmainen, M. Neovius, L. Petre, M. Rönkkö, P. Sandvik, On Proving
Recoverability of Smart Electrical Grids, NFM 2014, Apr 29 - May 1, 2014, Houston, USA, pp. 77-92.
 S. Horsmanheimo, N. Maskey, L. Tuomimäki, Interdependency between Mobile and Electricity Distribution
Networks: Outlook and Prospects. In Smart Device to Smart Device Communication, S. Mumtaz, J.
Rodriguez (eds.), Springer, 2014, ISBN 978-3-319-04962-5.
 S. Horsmanheimo, N. Maskey, L. Tuomimäki, Feasibility study of utilizing mobile communications for Smart
Grid applications in urban area, IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications
(SmartGridComm) 2014, Nov 3 6, 2014, Venice, Italy, pp. 440 445.
 N. Maskey, S. Horsmanheimo, L. Tuomimäki, Analysis of latency for cellular networks for Smart Grid in
suburban area, IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT Europe), Oct 12-15,
2014, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 1-4.
 P. Kuusela, I. Norros, Dynamic approach to service level agreement risk. Conference proceedings. IEEE,
pp. 266-273. 9th International Conference on Design of Reliable Communication Networks, 2013.
 P. Cholda, E. L. Følstad, B. E. Helvik, P. Kuusela, M. Naldi, I. Norros, Towards risk-aware communications
networking. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, vol. 109, pp. 160-174, 2013.
 I. Norros, P. Kuusela, J. Lapuyade-Lahorgue, M. Naldi and M. Sirviö. Repairable systems with dependent
components: stochastic process techniques and models. Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Reliability,
2014
Interdependent Networks

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Seppo Horsmanheimo
Principal Scientist
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
Tel. +358 40 542 3599
Seppo.Horsmanheimo@vtt.fi

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