5G uplink interference simulations, analysis and solutions: The case of pico ...IJECEIAES
The launch of the new mobile network technology has paved the way for advanced and more productive industrial applications based on high-speed and low latency services offered by 5G. One of the key success points of the 5G network is the available diversity of cell deployment modes and the flexibility in radio resources allocation based on user’s needs. The concept of Pico cells will become the future of 5G as they increase the capacity and improve the network coverage at a low deployment cost. In addition, the short-range wireless transmission of this type of cells uses little energy and will allow dense applications for the internet of things. In this contribution, we present the advantages of using Pico cells and the characteristics of this type of cells in 5G networks. Then, we will do a simulation study of the interferences impact in uplink transmission in the case of PICO cells densified deployment. Finally, we will propose a solution for interference avoidance between pico cells that also allows flexible management of bands allocated to the users in uplink according to user’s density and bandwidth demand.
Green Future Networks: Network Energy EfficiencyIPLOOK Networks
Focusing on improving the network energy efficiency to lower the energy consumption of mobile network, the white paper comprehensively analyzes the energy-saving solutions for 5G mobile network.
The release of Green Future Networks not only indicates a direction towards the green development of global mobile network, but also enlarges the global influence of China 's telecom industry.
Learn more:
https://www.iplook.com/info/green-future-networks-network-energy-efficiency-was-officially-released-on-ngmn-i00110i1.html
Fifth generation (5G) Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) systems use heterogeneous network access technologies to
fulfill the requirements of modern services. Multiple services with dierent Quality of Service (QoS) constraints could be available in each vehicle, while at the same time, user requirements and provider policies must be addressed. Therefore, the design of ecient Vertical Handover (VHO) management schemes for 5G-VCC infrastructures is needed. In this paper, a novel VHO management scheme for 5G-VCC systems is proposed. Whenever the user satisfaction grade becomes less than a predefined threshold, VHO is initiated and network selection is performed, considering the velocity of the vehicle, network characteristic criteria such as throughput, delay, jitter and packet loss, as well as provider policy criteria such as service reliability, security and price. The proposed scheme uses linguistic values for VHO criteria attributes represented by Interval Valued Pentagonal Fuzzy Numbers (IVPFNs) to express the information using membership intervals. The VHO scheme is applied to a 5G-VCC system which includes 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and IEEE 802.16 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) Macrocells and Femtocells, as well as IEEE 802.11p Wireless Access for Vehicular Environment (WAVE) Road Side Units (RSUs). Performance evaluation shows that the suggested method ensures the Always Best Connection (ABC) principle, while at the same time outperforms existing VHO management schemes.
In a LTE Advanced network there are two main entities involved in communication which are Subscriber Station (SS) and a BS. A BS is typically a service provider which has backhaul connectivity and SS subscribes to the BS for the service. A BS exchange control messages and negotiate the connection parameters with SS before setting up the communication link with it. These parameters may vary during the communication depending on the requirements and availability of resources between the two entities. When a BS try to create link with a SS and if the SS is within the range then BS communicate directly with SS. Otherwise, if SS station is out of the range of the BS or there is coverage limitations or no LOS (line of sight) between the BS and SS then RS is a cost effective solution to overcome this problem. There are two approaches applied in the research towards improving the LTE Advanced network performance. Firstly the placement method should need to be determined in order to cut down the cost as well as maintain the QoS standard. The second scenario is based on the performance evaluation of WiMAX2 network using relay station with in depth analysis of how to increase throughput and reduce delay parameters to improve overall network performance. The QoS class’s comparison also will be included for network flow and its resource usage. In the course of research, various issues have been addressed by providing solutions based on selection of RS and using different modes of RS. LTE Advanced nodes are incorporated to produce useful functionalities; ThesisScientist.com
5G uplink interference simulations, analysis and solutions: The case of pico ...IJECEIAES
The launch of the new mobile network technology has paved the way for advanced and more productive industrial applications based on high-speed and low latency services offered by 5G. One of the key success points of the 5G network is the available diversity of cell deployment modes and the flexibility in radio resources allocation based on user’s needs. The concept of Pico cells will become the future of 5G as they increase the capacity and improve the network coverage at a low deployment cost. In addition, the short-range wireless transmission of this type of cells uses little energy and will allow dense applications for the internet of things. In this contribution, we present the advantages of using Pico cells and the characteristics of this type of cells in 5G networks. Then, we will do a simulation study of the interferences impact in uplink transmission in the case of PICO cells densified deployment. Finally, we will propose a solution for interference avoidance between pico cells that also allows flexible management of bands allocated to the users in uplink according to user’s density and bandwidth demand.
Green Future Networks: Network Energy EfficiencyIPLOOK Networks
Focusing on improving the network energy efficiency to lower the energy consumption of mobile network, the white paper comprehensively analyzes the energy-saving solutions for 5G mobile network.
The release of Green Future Networks not only indicates a direction towards the green development of global mobile network, but also enlarges the global influence of China 's telecom industry.
Learn more:
https://www.iplook.com/info/green-future-networks-network-energy-efficiency-was-officially-released-on-ngmn-i00110i1.html
Fifth generation (5G) Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) systems use heterogeneous network access technologies to
fulfill the requirements of modern services. Multiple services with dierent Quality of Service (QoS) constraints could be available in each vehicle, while at the same time, user requirements and provider policies must be addressed. Therefore, the design of ecient Vertical Handover (VHO) management schemes for 5G-VCC infrastructures is needed. In this paper, a novel VHO management scheme for 5G-VCC systems is proposed. Whenever the user satisfaction grade becomes less than a predefined threshold, VHO is initiated and network selection is performed, considering the velocity of the vehicle, network characteristic criteria such as throughput, delay, jitter and packet loss, as well as provider policy criteria such as service reliability, security and price. The proposed scheme uses linguistic values for VHO criteria attributes represented by Interval Valued Pentagonal Fuzzy Numbers (IVPFNs) to express the information using membership intervals. The VHO scheme is applied to a 5G-VCC system which includes 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and IEEE 802.16 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) Macrocells and Femtocells, as well as IEEE 802.11p Wireless Access for Vehicular Environment (WAVE) Road Side Units (RSUs). Performance evaluation shows that the suggested method ensures the Always Best Connection (ABC) principle, while at the same time outperforms existing VHO management schemes.
In a LTE Advanced network there are two main entities involved in communication which are Subscriber Station (SS) and a BS. A BS is typically a service provider which has backhaul connectivity and SS subscribes to the BS for the service. A BS exchange control messages and negotiate the connection parameters with SS before setting up the communication link with it. These parameters may vary during the communication depending on the requirements and availability of resources between the two entities. When a BS try to create link with a SS and if the SS is within the range then BS communicate directly with SS. Otherwise, if SS station is out of the range of the BS or there is coverage limitations or no LOS (line of sight) between the BS and SS then RS is a cost effective solution to overcome this problem. There are two approaches applied in the research towards improving the LTE Advanced network performance. Firstly the placement method should need to be determined in order to cut down the cost as well as maintain the QoS standard. The second scenario is based on the performance evaluation of WiMAX2 network using relay station with in depth analysis of how to increase throughput and reduce delay parameters to improve overall network performance. The QoS class’s comparison also will be included for network flow and its resource usage. In the course of research, various issues have been addressed by providing solutions based on selection of RS and using different modes of RS. LTE Advanced nodes are incorporated to produce useful functionalities; ThesisScientist.com
Seminar report on Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellularraghubraghu
The global bandwidth shortage facing wireless communication has motivated the exploration of the unutilized frequencies present in the frequency spectrum; this exploration has lead to the use of millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency spectrum for future broadband cellular communication networks
Power saving and optimal hybrid precoding in millimeter wave massive MIMO sys...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The proliferation of wireless services emerging from use cases offifth-generation(5G) technology is posing many challenges on cellular communicationinfrastructure. They demand to connect a massive number of devices withenhanced data rates. The massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)technology at millimeter-wave (mmWave) in combination with hybrid precodingemerges as a concrete tool to address the requirements of 5G networkdevelopments. But Massive MIMO systems consume significant power fornetwork operations. Hence the prior role is to improve the energy efficiency byreducing the power consumption. This paper presents the power optimizationmodels for massive MIMO systems considering perfect channel state information(CSI) and imperfect CSI. Further, this work proposes an optimal hybrid precodingsolution named extended simultaneous orthogonal matchingpursuit (ESOMP).Simulation results reveal that a constant sum-rate can be achieved in massiveMIMO systems while significantly reducing the power consumption. Theproposed extended SOMPhybrid precoder performsclose to the conventionaldigital beamforming method. Further, modulation schemes compatible withmassive MIMO systems are outlined and their bit error rate (BER) performance isinvestigated
Performance Analysis and Optimization of Next Generation Wireless NetworksUniversity of Piraeus
The Fifth Generation (5G) networks, including the 5G Vehicular Cloud Computing (5G-VCC) systems, have evolved rapidly offering multiple services to users. The operating principles of vehicular networks, Cloud Computing (CC), Fog Computing (FC), Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Software Defined Networks (SDN) are applied to 5G infrastructures. In a 5G-VCC system, the vehicles are equipped with On-Board Units (OBUs) which communicate with each other as well as with Road Side Units (RSUs). Each RSU interacts with a Cloud infrastructure which offers vehicular services with strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, including Driver Assistance (DA), Passengers Entertainment and Information (PEnI) and Medical (MED) services. Dense deployments of 5G access networks are also implemented, called Ultra Dense Networks (UDNs), aiming to support high data rates produced by an increased number of vehicular users. In this environment, heterogeneous technologies are used to transfer the network services to vehicles. Optimal manipulation of the communication resources is required, while at the same time vehicular users should always obtain connectivity to the most appropriate network access technology, in order the constraints of the vehicular services to be satisfied. In this thesis, existing schemes for resource allocation as well as for mobility management are studied, while novel solutions are proposed for each topic.
COMPARATIVE AND QOS PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TERRESTRIAL-AERIAL PLATFORMS-SATE...IJCNCJournal
Wireless communications, nowadays, becomes a vital element of people’s daily life. Providing global connectivity in future communication systems via the heterogeneous network opens up many research topics to investigate potentialities, enabling technologies, and challenges from the perspective of the
integrated wireless systems. This paper aims to drive a comprehensive and comparative study on terrestrial-aerial platforms- satellite wireless communications systems, includes their characteristics and unravelling challenges. The comparison focuses on issues that reportedly can evaluate any wireless
systems for temporary events. These issues are altitude and coverage, Radio Frequency (RF) propagation, interference, handover, power supply constraints, deployment and maintenance challenges, reliability on special events or disaster relief, cost-effectiveness and environmental impact. Last, Quality of service (QoS) performance is analysed for the four wireless communication systems from the temporary events
perspective using the OPNET Modeller simulation tool. Results infer that space-based wireless systems outperform terrestrial ones.
Interesting Whitepaper from #HCLTECH, though a bit old (2016) but good for beginners on 5G and introductory know-how about 5G start with IMT2020. Informative insights.
The relay stations are widely used in major wireless technologies such as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and LTE (Long term evolution) which provide cost effective service to the operators and end users. It is quite challenging to provide guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) in WiMAX networks in cost effective manner.
Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Netw...Naresh Biloniya
Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Networks
* Features of Millimeter wave
* Architecture of 5G cellular network
* Challenges and Scope of 5G network
Seminar report on Millimeter Wave mobile communications for 5g cellularraghubraghu
The global bandwidth shortage facing wireless communication has motivated the exploration of the unutilized frequencies present in the frequency spectrum; this exploration has lead to the use of millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency spectrum for future broadband cellular communication networks
Power saving and optimal hybrid precoding in millimeter wave massive MIMO sys...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The proliferation of wireless services emerging from use cases offifth-generation(5G) technology is posing many challenges on cellular communicationinfrastructure. They demand to connect a massive number of devices withenhanced data rates. The massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)technology at millimeter-wave (mmWave) in combination with hybrid precodingemerges as a concrete tool to address the requirements of 5G networkdevelopments. But Massive MIMO systems consume significant power fornetwork operations. Hence the prior role is to improve the energy efficiency byreducing the power consumption. This paper presents the power optimizationmodels for massive MIMO systems considering perfect channel state information(CSI) and imperfect CSI. Further, this work proposes an optimal hybrid precodingsolution named extended simultaneous orthogonal matchingpursuit (ESOMP).Simulation results reveal that a constant sum-rate can be achieved in massiveMIMO systems while significantly reducing the power consumption. Theproposed extended SOMPhybrid precoder performsclose to the conventionaldigital beamforming method. Further, modulation schemes compatible withmassive MIMO systems are outlined and their bit error rate (BER) performance isinvestigated
Performance Analysis and Optimization of Next Generation Wireless NetworksUniversity of Piraeus
The Fifth Generation (5G) networks, including the 5G Vehicular Cloud Computing (5G-VCC) systems, have evolved rapidly offering multiple services to users. The operating principles of vehicular networks, Cloud Computing (CC), Fog Computing (FC), Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Software Defined Networks (SDN) are applied to 5G infrastructures. In a 5G-VCC system, the vehicles are equipped with On-Board Units (OBUs) which communicate with each other as well as with Road Side Units (RSUs). Each RSU interacts with a Cloud infrastructure which offers vehicular services with strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, including Driver Assistance (DA), Passengers Entertainment and Information (PEnI) and Medical (MED) services. Dense deployments of 5G access networks are also implemented, called Ultra Dense Networks (UDNs), aiming to support high data rates produced by an increased number of vehicular users. In this environment, heterogeneous technologies are used to transfer the network services to vehicles. Optimal manipulation of the communication resources is required, while at the same time vehicular users should always obtain connectivity to the most appropriate network access technology, in order the constraints of the vehicular services to be satisfied. In this thesis, existing schemes for resource allocation as well as for mobility management are studied, while novel solutions are proposed for each topic.
COMPARATIVE AND QOS PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TERRESTRIAL-AERIAL PLATFORMS-SATE...IJCNCJournal
Wireless communications, nowadays, becomes a vital element of people’s daily life. Providing global connectivity in future communication systems via the heterogeneous network opens up many research topics to investigate potentialities, enabling technologies, and challenges from the perspective of the
integrated wireless systems. This paper aims to drive a comprehensive and comparative study on terrestrial-aerial platforms- satellite wireless communications systems, includes their characteristics and unravelling challenges. The comparison focuses on issues that reportedly can evaluate any wireless
systems for temporary events. These issues are altitude and coverage, Radio Frequency (RF) propagation, interference, handover, power supply constraints, deployment and maintenance challenges, reliability on special events or disaster relief, cost-effectiveness and environmental impact. Last, Quality of service (QoS) performance is analysed for the four wireless communication systems from the temporary events
perspective using the OPNET Modeller simulation tool. Results infer that space-based wireless systems outperform terrestrial ones.
Interesting Whitepaper from #HCLTECH, though a bit old (2016) but good for beginners on 5G and introductory know-how about 5G start with IMT2020. Informative insights.
The relay stations are widely used in major wireless technologies such as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and LTE (Long term evolution) which provide cost effective service to the operators and end users. It is quite challenging to provide guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) in WiMAX networks in cost effective manner.
Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Netw...Naresh Biloniya
Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in Millimeter-Wave 5G Cellular Networks
* Features of Millimeter wave
* Architecture of 5G cellular network
* Challenges and Scope of 5G network
5G’s Impact on Telecom Infrastructure 2019 report by Yole DéveloppementYole Developpement
Network evolution and 5G implementation are driving massive structural changes.
More information on: https://www.i-micronews.com/products/5gs-impact-on-telecom-infrastructure-2019/
International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC)IJCNCJournal
Beamforming for millimetre-wave (mmWave) frequencies has been studied for many years. It is considered as an important enabling technology for communications in these high-frequency ranges and it received a lot of attention in the research community. The special characteristics of the mmWave band made the beamforming problem a challenging one because it depends on many environmental and operational factors. These challenges made any model-based architecture fit only special applications, working scenarios, and specific environment geometry. All these reasons increased the need for more general machine learning based beamforming systems that can work in different environments and conditions. This increased the need for an extended adjustable dataset that can serve as a tool for any machine learning technique to build an efficient beamforming architecture. Deep MIMO dataset has been used in many architectures and designs and has proved its benefits and flexibility to fit in many cases. In this paper, we study the extension of collaborative beamforming that includes many cooperating base stations by studying the impact of User Equipment (UE) speed ranges on the beamforming performance, optimizing the parameters of the neural network architecture of the beamforming design, and suggesting the optimal design that gives the best performance for as a small dataset as possible. Suggested architecture can achieve the same performance achieved before with up to 33% reduction in the dataset size used to train the system which provides a huge reduction in the data collection and processing time.
the file is related to my online seminars over Instagram.
this is first presentation about 5G
5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and devices.
#5G
#5GNR
#Massive MIMO
#tactile_internet
Join Us:
inststagram.com/ali.nikfal1985
Patents are a good information resource for obtaining the state of the art of deep learning for 5G wireless telecommunications technology innovation insights.
I.Deep Learning for 5G Technology Innovation Status
Patents that specifically describe the major deep learning applications in 5G are a good indicator of the deep learning for 5G innovations in a specific innovation entity. To find the deep learning for 5G technology innovation status, patent applications in the USPTO as of June 5, 2020 that specifically describe the major deep learning applications in 5G are searched and reviewed. 24 published patent applications that are related to the key deep learning for 5G technology innovation are selected for detail analysis.
II. Deep Learning for 5G Technology Innovation Details
Patent information can provide many valuable insights that can be exploited for developing and implementing new technologies. Patents can also be exploited to identify new product/service development opportunities.
MIMO Adaptive Antenna/Samsung Electronics
MIMO Communication Channel/ Parallel Wireless
Radio Access Network (RAN)/Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Today wireless services are the most preferred services of the world. The rapid increase in
the service is due to the advancement of technology consecutively. As a subscriber becomes more
aware of the mobile phone technology, he/she will seek for an appropriate package all together, and
including all the advanced features of a cellular phone can have. Hence, the search for new
technology is always the main intention of the prime cell phone giants to out innovate their
competitors. In addition, the main purpose of the fifth generation wireless networks (5G Wireless
networks) is planned to design the best wireless world that is free from limitations and hindrance of
the previous generations. 5G technologies will change the way most high bandwidth users access
their Mobile Radio Communication (MRC). So, this paper represents, great evolution of 1G (First
Generation) to 4G yield 5G, introduction to 5G technologies, why there is a need for 5G, advantages
of 5G networks technology, exceptional applications, Quality of Service (QoS), 5G network
architecture.
Similar to Assignment of5g antennadesigntechnique (20)
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
Assignment of5g antennadesigntechnique
1. 0
Introduction to Telecommunication
ICT-5104
Assignment on
“5G Antenna Design Techniques for Mobile
Terminal Communication Challenges &
Solutions”
To Honorable:
Dr. Shahin Akter
Assistant Professor
IICT-BUET.
Submitted By:
Md.Dedarul Hasan
Reg.Id: 0417311011
PGD in IT, IICT-BUET.
4/9/2019
IICT,BUET
2. 1
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This paper represents the challenge to smart design of 5G mobile terminal
antenna designs and also given the solution plans with different type of motivations. In
this content we have discussed and tried to focus on 3 pillar’s of antenna design technique
based on- 1)mmWave 2)Beam forming and massive MIMO 3)Special effect with DSP
also with 4)Small cell for 5G backhaul 5)Effect of user’s hand on 5G mobile terminal
antenna 6)new radio interface and arrays instead of single antennas 7)even if the more
effective problems and challenges, lacks with issues .By which 5G mobile terminal
antenna with its advantages & medications to utilization consideration of user friendly
technique.
Methods/statistical Analysis: Comprehensive study has been performed to build up
substantial understanding about various designs, architectures and techniques described
so far by enthusiastic research scholars regarding system model and practical
implementation of the Massive-MIMO systems. The review is paying attention on the
problems like, getting true channel state information, antenna correlation, channel
estimation, signal detection schemes at receiver end, different kind of possible network
architectures and their complexity and hardware impairments. Brief information is added
about the projects running worldwide on Massive-MIMO and its application in future
communication systems of next generation.
Findings: It is observed that multiple antenna systems with huge amount of antenna
elements at base station are competent to increase data rate by many folds, without
requirement of any extra bandwidth, as compared to other existing technologies.
Massive-MIMO combined with multiple carrier systems (Massive-MIMO-OFDM)
followed by suitable signal detection schemes, like beam forming, gives overwhelming
results.
Application: With possibilities of further research and continuous improvements,
Massive-MIMO system is one of the best suitable choices, among various technologies,
for next generation wireless communication systems, like 5G.
3. 2
ACKNOLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank Dr.Shahin Akter Madam, Assistant professor, IICT-BUET
for her best class input, feedback & support activity to inspire as well as to do
different work to research the latest technology phenomena & era. Her
experience in telecommunication system design & support for the latest
technology to learn & teaching technique which is fruitful & extensive when it
came to that real challenge & solution to conquer.5G is the upcoming and
latest technology to be implemented for IoT, Home Security, Nano Technology,
AI, High-speed mobile network, Entertainment and multimedia, Smart home,
Smart cities, Smart farming, Industrial Internet of Things(IoT),Healthcare and
mission critical application, Autonomous Driving, Drone Operation, Security
and surveillance, High Speed of Data Rate with special efficiency which will
contribute to make the complementary new technology in the smart wireless
telecommunication sector. Simulation Based Smart 5G Antenna Design is the
prior fact as the challenge to consider with its right solution at here,eventually
we can specify the combinations that 5G always with 4G.
PAGE INDEX
[1 ] Introduction………………………………………………………………………………. 04
[ 2] Challenges Of 5G……………...…………………………………………………………. 05
[ 3] Solutions For 5G…………………………………………………………………………. 06
Institute of Information and Communication
Technology
4. 3
[ 4] Different Type Of Antenna….…………………………………………………………….. 08
[ 5] Antenna Analysis & Design……………………………………………………………….. 09
[ 6] SISO Antenna Design…….……………………………………………………………….. 13
[ 7] MIMO Antenna Design…………………………………………………………………… 15
[ 8] Metal Rimmed Antenna…………………………………………………………………… 16
[ 9] 5G Mobile Terminal Antenna..…………………………………………………………… 20
[10] MIMO Transmitter & Receiver…………………………………………………………… 22
[11] Small Cell Backhaul with 5G……………………………………………………………… 23
[12] Effect of 5G For User Hand On…………………………………………………………… 24
[13] Feasibility Study For Eyewear Antenna…………………………………………………… 25
[14] Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………… 26
[15] References………………………………………………………………………………… 27
5. 4
INTRODUCTION:
In modern age communication mobile phones are not only used as a calling or call-receiving
devices instead uses of mobile devices are increasing exponentially every day. There must be
some advanced technology to cater the need of vast amount of data required by these devices.
The future communication systems for wireless communication known as Fifth Generation
Communication (5G) networks ought to be able to address the capacity constraints of present
networks and also must be able to address the challenges associated with existing communication
systems such as range of coverage, link reliability and latency and energy efficiency. Massive-
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology is capable to cater the needs of the fifth
generation wireless communication systems. The term Massive-MIMO was firstly considered as
a TDD (Time Division Duplexing) based cellular model consisting of numerous antenna units
deployed at Base Transceiver Station (BTS) in a single-cell. But for multiple cell models, use of
non-orthogonal pilot sequences is suggested as the orthogonally of pilot sequences in different
cells is difficult to maintain due to the small channel coherence time1. For very high data rate
and better link reliability, instead of few antenna units, large array of antenna elements is
mounted at base station in Massive-MIMO. This is totally different configuration of BTS design
as compared to the current standards in which maximum of 8 antennas are used in a sectored
topology. Active antenna units in huge figures are used to focus the energy continuously towards
the User Equipment (UE), in target, with the help of different pre coding schemes. As a result the
requirement of radiated power and the interference among different users is reduced. However,
big number of antennas mounted at a particular site creates several challenges for Massive-
MIMO Systems which are completely different from the often arising problems of trivial
networks. For example, in LTE or LTE-Advance, pilot overhead should be comparative to the
numerical figure of antenna units. In Massive-MIMO this overhead will be very large due to the
hefty amount of antenna elements but it is managed with the proper use of channel reciprocity
between uplink and downlink in TDD. In channel reciprocity, the Channel State Information
(CSI) acquired from pilots used in uplink transmission is utilized for downlink pre coder. The
practical implementation of Massive-MIMO requires synchronization among large number of
independent RF transceivers and scaling of data buses by an order of magnitude or more which
are additional challenges to be encountered2. Massive-MIMO System constitutes cellular
network with improved spectrum and energy efficiency. Benefits of a Massive-MIMO System
can be enjoyed if and only if the accuracy of CSI is maintained at downlink and uplink both (that
is at BTS and UE both). CSI is very important characteristic of a communication system. In
Massive-MIMO, Quality of Service (QoS) depends on the accuracy of CSI. There are two main
reasons of inaccuracy in CSI, in Massive-MIMO Systems, known as Channel Estimation Error
and Channel Aging.
6. 5
Challenges for 5G antenna designs-
Avalanche of Traffic Volume
Massive Growth in Connective Device
Large Diversity of Use Cases & Requirements
System Assembly Modeling
Layout Modeling
Coupling & Enveloping
Passable CTIA Hand Model
Effects of Hand Model
Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station
Targeted 6GHz Provocations.
Reduce of Simulation Requirements For 4G or Old.
Reduce Cost & Size
Multipath Interference
7. 6
Solutions: The 5G Antenna Technique
MIMO-Multiple Input & Multiple Output
mmWave
SISO to mmWave massive MIMO
Massive MIMO
Beam forming
Polarization Diversity
Phase Array System
Adaptive Array System
Special Multiplexing For DSP [Digital Signal Processing]
Small Cell Backhaul
Different Type Of Antennas
8. 7
Dense & dynamic multiplewireless network backhawl
Nomadic nodes
building
park bus stop
lamp post nodes
VL-MIMO
Massivemulti-antenna systems
Air interfaces for new application & Reduced
Signaling
Device to evice
Fig: 5G components
FBS
FBS
BS
FBS
9. 8
DIFFERENT TYPE OF 5G ANTENAS:
Different Type Of Antennas:
Planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA):
SISO Antenna in Mobile Terminals:
WIDE BAND AND DUAL BAND
MULTI BAND
MIMO Antenna for Mobile Terminals:
WIDE BAND
DUAL BAND AND MULTI BAND
Metal Rimmed Antenna for Mobile Terminals:
FULL ANTENNA
10. 9
ANTENNAS ANALYSIS & DESIGN
Planar inverted-F Antenna [PIFA]:
Fig1:Duel Band PIFA Fig2:Monopole Plus Helix Antenna
Fig3: GSM/DCS dual-frequency planar monopole Fig4: Coupling Elements
Fig5: quad-band prototype [coupling elements] Fig6:Two feed point Antenna
11. 10
1.1 At the first generation, the antennas were situated in the top portion of the mobile devices as a monopole.
This monopole was designed to work as a quarter length of the operational frequency. Therefore, knowing the
operational frequencies, miniaturization techniques were proposed to reduce the size of the monopole. One
example of this miniaturization was to compress the antenna by making it helix type and, when working in
multiband services a little whip was introduced into the helix so as to cover the two bands required. When the
PCB was of the quarter length size these devices worked even better because PCB plus monopole worked as a
dipole.Fig:2
1.2 The main disadvantage of this monopole-helix antenna was the external discomfort and even the good
radiation pattern it had, this antenna also had a high Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). So, in the 1990’s were
developed internal antennas so as to avoid the trip of having discomfort. These internal antennas were called
PIFA (planar inverted F antenna) and they had a ground plane connected to a physical point of the antenna and,
for multiband behavior, they also had a slot in the main plate to disturb the current distribution. Fig: 1
1.3 Another kind of internal antenna used was a simple planar monopole which were not connected to the
ground plane. This type of antennas may require a ground clearance region in the vicinity (generally on one
edge of the PCB) for acceptable performance. Techniques like adding parasitic elements or adding parallel
branches to the radiating element can be used for multiband operation. Currently this antenna is used for GSM
coverage. In most cases the monopole requires miniaturization so as to be inside the antenna’s housing. For
instance, a 900 MHz operation frequency device must require an antenna with a straight planar monopole of a
height of about 83 mm. The mainly designs techniques to reduce the antenna are the bending, the folding, or the
wrapping two-dimensional planar monopoles into three-dimensional structures. Fig: 3
12. 11
1.4 Low-volume antenna structures for mobile devices might require the reducing of the volume of the antenna
elements –due either to the location into the PCB or the specifications-. A way to do that is to efficiently use the
radiation of the currents in the ground plane or mobile PCB. As it is explained in, essentially non-resonant
coupling elements (called CE) are used to optimally couple to the dominating characteristic wave modes of the
chassis. The antenna structures are tuned to resonance with matching circuits. However, there are no systematic
feasibility and performance studies of the coupling elements, and it is all reduced then to a practical-laboratory
designs and tests. As it is stated in [12], the ground plane of the printed circuit board (PCB) in a mobile terminal
plays the major role for radiation especially in the lower-frequency bands, where 90% of the total radiation
comes from the PCB at 900MHz.
The coupling element based antenna structure consists of three main parts. The first part is the mobile
terminal chassis, which is meant to work as the main radiator of the antenna structure. Coupling elements are
used to excite the primary wave modes of the chassis as efficiently as possible. Impedance matching to the
transceiver electronics is produced with a matching circuitry. In order to couple to the chassis wave mode
efficiently, the location and shape of the coupling element have to be chosen correctly. The strongest coupling
(and largest bandwidth) can be achieved by bending the coupling element over the shorter end of the chassis Fig:
4 & Fig 5
1.5 The solution to overcome this drawback is to implement a multi-feed point for the antenna. Each
element of the antenna must be connected to one single point to cover each frequency band and to avoid the
problem of 4G multi-sent data. However, this can derivate into another problem, the port-to-port isolation. The
isolation is needed to dodge the port-to-port coupling and to evade the efficiency losses. Thus, obtaining a good
isolation depends on the position of one antenna’s element respect to the other one and -considering the small
space reserved for the antenna-that is a parameter to be considered and analyzed in the design of the full antenna.
Fig: 6
18. 17
3 pillars of Antenna Design Technique for MIMO are: [5G frequency Bands]
Millimeter Wave
Greater Propagation Loss
Shallow Building Penetration
Smaller Cell Size
Can contain hundreds of elements of small arrays
Beam Forming & Massive MIMO
Adaptive beam forming antenna & massive MIMO antenna combine
increase the capacity and performance and improve SINR
Can follow multiple users
Dynamically adapts to the environment
Special Efficiency with DSP
DSP with antenna improvement of massive MIMO increase the
capacity and speed and data rate also.
ANTENNA ANALYSIS & DESIGN
Metal Rimmed Antenna:
23. 22
MIMO TRANSMITTION & RECEIVE BY
ANTENNA
MIMO OFDM Transmitter:
MIMO OFDM Receiver antenna:
24. 23
SMALL CELL BACKHAUL WITH 5G
Small cell antenna infrastructure which contains higher order of e and cost to effective solutions to avoid
interference.
MACRO,MICRO & PICO
Lower cost for both CAPEX& OPEX
Be Easy to manage
Outdoor furniture appearance
High Weather reliability
Safe to touch design
IoT ,smart city,5G optimize
Easy to diagnose potentials
Cost effective across net hauled
Quickly Activated, AT & T Predicts low fold
Physical Small, increase capacity
Excellent frequency reuse
25. 24
EFFECTS OF 5G HAND ON:
Fig: Simulation Models of the Antenna Considering the User
Fig: Simulated S-Parameters of the Antenna in FS and with Hand
27. 26
CONCLUSION:
In this papers we have submitted the total conceptual & abstractions with figure &
desctiptions.5G is the most upgraded technology for mobile terminal antenna design for user
friendly and that has the goal of 2020.We have tried to find out with revolution-evaluation-
complementary as follow of 1G-2G-3G to 4G to 5G road way antenna design
& we will improve and modify for research purpose to know & share basics for the purpose of
antenna design simulations though next.
5G basically based on the dynamic data flow way and always with 4G.This feature design will
complete the lack and issues of old antennas like signal simulation roundness, propagation
models & technique so.
This technology designs antenna to serve with Small cell for 5G backhaul ,new radio interface
and arrays instead of single antennas ,even if the more effective problems and challenges,
lacks with issues .By which 5G mobile terminal antenna with its advantages & medications to
utilization & consideration of user friendly technique