VTT Space technologies

Space technologies
Leading edge millimetre wave,
communication and sensor technologies
for aerospace industry

weather forecasting, communication,
navigation, agriculture, environment and many
other areas need services provided from the
space.
Space technologies support
our daily lives

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VTT has a strong track record in millimetre wave
technologies, wireless communication systems and
sensing technologies.
We have over 20 years of experience working with
ESA and space companies in developing
instruments in several satellites.
VTT has an ESA External Laboratory on millimetre
wave technology.

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Challenges
Satellite communication systems
requires unique millimetre wave design
and validation competence
Emerging need for combining satellite
communication systems and terrestrial
communication systems
Need for cost-effective imaging
instruments and RF components

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Our solutions for aerospace industry
Antennae and other RF components
Communication systems
Sensors, imaging and data analysis

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RF front end components and modules
see slide 21 for more details »
Antenna solutions
Micro and millimetre wave modules

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On-wafer and antenna characterisation
services see slide 25 for more details »
Radiation pattern measurement services

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Air interfaces
Smart radio and network resource
management see slide 27 for more details »
Radio systems prototyping and performance
assessment see slide 28 for more details »

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Satellite network Quality of Service and
Quality of Experience
RF test systems for satellite missions

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Sensors, imaging and data analysis
Optical MEMS components
Multispectral cameras for UAVs and
nanosatellites see slide 32 for more details »
Remote sensing data analysis

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VTT – intellectual property and
commercialisation
VTT offers a reliable and direct channel for
acquiring protected technology.
We offer our customers access to a portfolio of
more than 300 patent families.
There are various ways to exploit these
off-the-shelf technologies
 Exclusive or non-exclusive licensing
 IP transfer as a sales transaction
 IP transfer as part of an interlinked research project

VTT’s references for
space technologies

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1994-2001
Imaging LIDAR
development
1994-2000
Hologram
compact
antenna test
range for the
tests of the
Odin-satellite
1.1 m antenna
at 119 GHz
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
1998
Gas sensor on
the basis of a
micro-
machined
Fabry-Perot
interferometer,
starting
1998-2003
Sub-millimetre
wave antenna
testing using a
hologram CATR
1998-2009
Planck LFI 70
GHz receiver
development,
several projects
2001-2005
Investigation
of new
measurement
techniques
VTT’s references in space
missions 1/2
1997-2000
Integrated
optics beam
combiner in
silicon
technology
2000-2003
Development work
for a primary power
measurement
standard for D-
band, second
phase
2000
Scanning micro-
mechanical mirror
for fine-pointing
units of intersatellite
optical links
2002-2006
Development of
European 94
GHz MMIC LNA
modules for
CPR
2002-2007
Micromechanic-
al tuners for on-
wafer noise
measurements
2002-
XEUS/
Cryogenic
imaging
spectro-
meter
2003-2005
Development
of optical
waveguides
and micro-
optical
technology in
silicon
2004-
Fiber-optic transceivers
for intra-satellite
communications,
including SpaceFibre
data links
2004-2006
On-wafer and cryogenic
testing on a packaged
W-band LNA, W-band
chips and HEMT devices
2005-2006
Cloud radar
critical
microwave
technology

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2006-2007
Hybrid
integration of
laser chips on
silicon-on-
insulator
waveguide
chips
2006-2013
Optical on-board
processor for
optical inter-
satellite space
communications
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
2007-
Thermoplexer
2008-2012
LNAs for mm-
waves
2009-
Spectroscopic
terahertz
imaging radar
2009-2011
Characterisation
of Schottky
diodes
2009-
Micro and
millimetre
wave RF
MEMS LTCC
modules
2010-
Calibration
loads for
radiometers
2011-2012
Applicability of
cognitive radio to
satellite systems
2011-2013
Biocontamination
specific modeling
in habitats related
to space
2011-
Low-noise
amplifiers for
300 GHz
Flash optical
sensor for
terrain relative
robotic
navigation
Inkjet-printed
circuit board
technlogy for
user terminal
antennas
2012-
MEMS Fabry-
Perot
interferometer
technology for
miniaturized
hyperspectral
imagers and
microspectro-
meters
2012-
Reliability
assessment
of mixers
and multi-
pliers for
microwave
imaging
radio-
meters
2013-
Wafer level
encapsulation
for micro-
systems-
PLUS
2013-
Automated
biomonitoring
of air and
water quality
in human
spacecraft
VTT’s references in space
missions 2/2

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2008-2011
Multisource
information
System for Flood
Forecasting
2008-2012
Geoland2 –
Integrated GMES
project on Land
Cover and
Vegetation
2008-2009
SAR-Inter-
ferometric
Techniques in Hill
Slope Stability
Monitoring for an
Environment
Security
Monitoring System
VTT’s remote sensing reference projects
2009
Laos_SilvaSat Feasibility
study on the forest monitoring
concept using very high
resolution satellite data
2009-2011
Carb-Bal - Carbon Balance in
Northern Latitudes: Novel
Assessment Methods
Applying Combined Ground-
Based and Earth Observation
Data
2009-2014
GSE Forest Monitoring
REDD Extension Services
2009-2011
DRUID – New
opportunities in support of
the forest-based market
2009-2010
NewForest – Renewal of
forest resource mapping
2010-2011
Social Forest
Planning - novel
system for forest
management
planning and
updating of
present plans
2010-2013
ReCover –
Science based
remote sensing
services to support
REDD and
sustainable forest
management in
tropical region
2011-2013
Automatic Forest Fire
alarming system for
Finland using NOAA-
AVHRR and Terra-
MODIS data
EUFODOS, European
Forest Downstream
Services- “Improved
Information on Forest
Structure and
Damages“
2011-2013
EOEuropa: Earth
Observation Information
Services for European
Investment Bank
Projects/Annex A:
Forest Plantation
GMES Initial Operations
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2012-2014
Land Monitoring
Services (GIO
Land)

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Millimetre wave laboratory of Finland, MilliLab
 An ESA external laboratory on millimetre wave technology
 As an ESA external laboratory, MilliLab specifically aims to
support European space industry to meet the demands of
future ESA missions.
 Most of measurement capabilities span from 30 GHz to
300 GHz, in addition to specialized measurement
capabilities up to 2 THz.
 Supplies services at millimetre wave and THz frequencies
for industry and academia.
 Services are offered in the fields of device modelling,
characterisation, measurements and testing as well as in
research and development.

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MilliLab’s resources
Measurement capabilities
 Network analyzers with extension units up to 750 GHz
 Spectrum analyzers up to 325 GHz
 Power meters up to 3000 GHz
 Probe station and probe heads up to 325 GHz
 Signal generators up to 1000 GHz
 Noise measurements
• Noise figure up to 200 GHz
• Noise parameter measurement 50-100 GHz
 Semiconductor parameter analyzer with I-V, C-V and pulsed options
 Free space materials transmission characterisation 0.2 - 2 THz
 Anechoic chambers up to 200 GHz
 Antenna outdoor measurement range
 A planar scanner operating up to 700 GHz applicable for antenna measurements
Simulation tools
 Circuit simulators
 Electromagnetic simulators
 Antenna simulators

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VTT’s converging networks laboratory
The lab includes
five main parts:
1. Networks
2. IP services
3. Enablers from the
research projects
4. Various tools from
companies
5. External connections
to Octopus MVNO
services, panOulu
public WLAN, Geant,
and Funet

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VTT’s fabrication facilities
 Lithography: E-beam writing, I-line wafer stepper, double-sided contact
lithography (100 mm, 5",150 mm and 200 mm), resist coating and
developing systems
 Furnace processes: Wet and dry oxidation, LPCVD for undoped and
doped polysilicon and silicon nitride Ion implantation and RTA
 Sputtering: Multichamber systems for AC and DC magnetron sputtering
of various materials PECVD: Silicon oxide, nitride, oxynitride
 Etching: Several plasma etching systems for silicon oxide, nitride,
polysilicon and metals. Deep silicon and silicon oxide etching. Plasma
stripping, ozone and microwave ashers, wet ozone stripping.
 Back end processes: Electroplating, flip chip bonding, wire bonding,
dicing, fusion wafer bonding, wafer grinding, CMP
 Characterization equipment: RBS, SEM, AFM, scanning acoustic
microscope, reflectometers, surface particle counter, ellipsometers,
rofilometers, wafers probers and network analyzer.

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Leading edge millimetre wave,
communication and sensor
technologies for aerospace
industry

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RF front-end components and modules
Value proposition: First class design and prototyping of small RF front-end
components and modules.
Competitive edge: Unique design and integration capability of antennas,
RF front-ends and DSP, which all must go hand-in-hand.
Development phase: Several customer projects done.
IP status: Several patented solutions.
Offering: Services from design and fabrication to characterization.
 Technologies: RF MEMS, ferroelectric varactors, BAW resonators,
CMOS, InP GaAs, SiGe, IPD, LTCC, bolometers, heterogeneous
integration, TSV.
 Sub-systems: handsets, RFID, MMID, short range communication,
sensing, imaging, radars, point-to-point, test systems, low power wireless
electronics.
 Circuits: receivers, transmitters, tunable/switchable phase shifters, filters,
tuners, matching networks, amplifiers, switch networks.
 Components: antennas, switches, transistors, varactors, mixers,
multipliers, inductors, baluns.
R&D infrastructure: Testing facilities at VTT and MilliLab.
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Micro and millimetre wave modules
Value proposition: First class design and prototyping of microwave
and millimetre wave modules.
Competitive edge: Substantial amount of experience in the field of
microwave and millimetre wave antennas, components, and systems.
The space related activities include ESA-projects.
Offering: Design of millimeter wave components, circuits, and sub-
systems. Experience includes technologies such as, CMOS, SiGe,
GaAs, InP and RF MEMS.
R&D infrastructure: MilliLab; Measurement capabilities span from
30 GHz to 300 GHz, in addition to specialised measurement
capabilities up to 2 THz.
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Antenna solutions
Value proposition: First class design and prototyping of small
antennae and antenna arrays for small devices.
Competitive edge: Miniaturisation, integration, manufacturing
processes.
Development phase: Lots of solutions implemented to customers.
IP status: Several patented solutions.
Offering: Design of small antennae and antenna arrays.
R&D infrastructure: 2 anechoic chambers, test equipment for
antenna and material parameter measurements, SW: HFSS, CST,
IE3D, WIPL-D, AWR and Matlab.
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For radiation pattern measurements VTT has two anechoic
test chambers:
 The larger one, dimensions of 12*12*17 m3, operates
in the frequency range of 100 MHz - 200 GHz.
 The smaller one, dimensions of 4.4*4.6*8 m3, is
electromagnetically shielded and it operates from
500 MHz upwards.
In the measurement of a small antenna the antenna feed cable
forms easily a part of the radiating system. In order to get rid of
this harmful effect an opto-electronic transmit / receive link has
been developed in-house.
Radiation pattern measurement services
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On-wafer and antenna characterisation services
Transmission and reflection measurements of planar samples:
 Sample inside a transmission line, coaxial or waveguide
 Whole frequency band of the transmission line available
 Free space measurement setup
 Two free space measurements setups
 Frequency ranges: 5-8.6, 8-12, 10-18, 26-40, 50-75,
75-110 GHz
 Both electric and magnetic parameters of the sample can be
calculated
 Best suitable for materials with high or medium losses
TM010 resonators:
 Measurement frequencies: 1, 2, 3 and 5 GHz.
 Cylindrical or planar samples.
 Calculation of material electric parameters.
 Accurate method for low-loss materials.
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Air interfaces
Value proposition: Increased capacity in radio systems, efficient use
of power and radio spectrum, reduced interference and detectability.
Competitive edge: Solutions providing increased performance,
joint optimization of performance and implementation complexity.
Development phase: Simulation models and proof of concepts
exists.
Offering: Adaptive antennae signal processing, physical layer
techniques for compensation of wide delay spread and rapid channel
variation, interference mitigation techniques, robust OFDM for critical
infastructures, nonlinearities compensation, improvement of LTE
energy efficiency , PHY enhancement based network security, energy
efficient concepts for short range radio, solutions for 5G performance
level.
R&D infrastructure: Link and system level simulation models, radio
link prototyping environment, national 5G test bed under
construction. « BACK

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Smart radio and network resource management
Value proposition: Increased capacity in radio systems,
efficient use of power and radio spectrum, reduced
interference.
Competitive edge: Solutions providing increased
performance, joint optimization of performance and
implementation complexity.
Development phase: Simulation models, proof-of-concepts
and field trials.
IP status: 3 patent applications about spectrum sharing.
Offering: Dynamic spectrum management, ASA/LSA concept
and related regulation and business models, cognitive satellite
communication, learning, decision-theory based network
optimization, densified mobile network control.
R&D infrastructure: Simulation models and LSA testbed.
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Radio systems prototyping and testing
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Value proposition: Speedup and increased quality of product and
system development. Early performance verification.
Competitive edge: Integration of cognitive network, test automation
and flexible HW/SW technologies and competencies.
Development phase: Trial environments and proof-of-concepts exists.
Offering: An integrated, adaptive and intelligent multi-technology
testing environment with configurable platforms for prototyping.
Modelling and simulation tool for early performance verification,
especially for multicore architectures.
R&D infrastructure: Testing and trial environment, national 5G test
bed under construction.

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Satellite network QoS and QoE tools and
models
Value proposition: Ensure network quality with real time QoS-
and QoE measurements.
Competitive edge: Profound experience in QoS, QoE,
communication protocols, mobile networks, transport techniques,
network and mobility management and used applications and
services.
Development phase: Demonstrations available.
Offering: Qosmet: passive quality of service measurement tool,
Moset: active quality of service measurement tool and Quality of
Experience estimation models.
R&D infrastructure: Converging Networks Laboratory.
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RF test systems for satellite missions
Value proposition: Proven demonstration of the RF compatibility
between spacecraft and ground stations prior to launch
Competitive edge: RF modelling and simulation
Development phase: Used for ESA Herschel, Planck, Soho &
Cluster satellite projects
Offering: Transportable “RF suitcase” or RFSCOE:
 Verifies RF compatibility between spacecraft and ground
station
 Operates in X-band using RF EM-models of real spacecraft
 Tests uplink and downlink functional and performance
characteristics
 Simulates telecommand and telemetry data of spacecraft
 Appears like a real satellite to ground station operator
 Integrated into a single transportable cabinet
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Optical MEMS components
Value proposition: Robust, small and mass producible
technology for high-performance low-cost sensing.
Competitive edge: Optical MEMS, MOEMS - Design, process
integration and manufacturing.
Development phase: Components used in customer’s products.
Offering:
 Robust MEMS Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) tunable
optical filters for UV – visible – infrared wavelengths.
 Customized optical instruments, microfluidic sensing
systems and hyperspectral imagers with solutions for
UV-visible-NIR-IR and thermal IR.
R&D infrastructure: Clean room and manufacturing.
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Multispectral cameras for UAVs and
nanosatellites
Value proposition: The most compact spectral imaging solutions
for environment and industry monitoring.
Competitive edge: stable, compact Fabry-Perot Interferometer
(FPI) technology.
Development phase: space qualification, demonstrations available.
Offering:
 VTT’s Fabry-Perot technology (FPI) for atmospheric remote
sensing space instruments.
 FPI for direct sun CO2, CH4, H2O and O2.
 FPI for monitoring emissions from different energy
production. facilities/fields from light weight UAV in stead of
standard aircraft.
R&D infrastructure: Testing facilities.
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Remote sensing data analysis
Value proposition: Advanced image interpretation methods to retrieve
information from digital satellite images.
Competitive edge: Remote sensing of the natural environment,
particularly forestry applications and sea ice monitoring. Other
important focus areas include security applications and monitoring
methods for sea and terrestrial traffic.
Development phase: Many commercial projects done.
Offering:
 Forest inventory to support the REDD (Reduction of Emissions from
Deforestation and forest Degradation) process, including automatic tree-
wise analysis of high resolution satellite images.
 Ship and terrestrial radar imagery with satellite radar images to improve
the safety of winter marine traffic and decrease fuel costs.
 Analysis of multi-source data, very high resolution data, and imaging
radar data.
 Automatic analysis of ground-based digital photographs to support
satellite image analysis
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Mr Jukka Kiviniemi
Key Account Manager
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
Tel. +358 400 372856
jukka.kiviniemi@vtt.fi

VTT Space technologies

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