This document defines key terminology related to non-metallic polymer materials. It discusses that polymers are made of repeating monomer units and there are different types of polymer structures including linear, branched, cross-linked and network polymers. The document also defines homopolymers and various types of copolymers. Furthermore, it describes the processes of addition and condensation polymerization which involve linking monomer units through chain reactions or step-growth reactions.

1. NON METALLIC
MATERIALS -
POLYMERS (Plastics, Rubbers and Adhesives)
CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES

2. INTRODUCTION - polymers
• Polymers are widely used in number of
applications ---- including
• toys,
• home appliances,
• structural and decorative items,
• coatings, paints, adhesives,
• automobile tyres
• Foams and packings

3. Meaning
• POLYMER
• POLY – MULTI
• MER – PARTS or UNITS
• Its contain large number of repeating units of
small molecules called Monomers

4. Large size molecule

5. .

6. .

7. POLYMERISATION
• Its reaction of joining of small molecules to
form molecule having higher weight called
polymer.
• Types of Polymers:
– Natural polymers
– Other Natural polymers

8. Terminology used in polymers
• 1.MONOMER

9. TERMINOLOGY
• 2. POLYMER
• It is a macro molecule formed by repeated
linking of many monomers

10. • 3. POLYMERIZATION
It’s a process of forming a polymer
TERMINOLOGY

11. • 4. HOMOPOLYMER
Homopolymers - consist of chains with identical
bonding linkages to each monomer unit. This
usually implies that the polymer is made from all
identical monomer molecules.
These may be represented as : -[A-A-A-A-A-A]-
TERMINOLOGY

12. • 5. COPOLYMER
Copolymers - consist of chains with two or
more linkages usually implying two or more
different types of monomer units.
These may be represented as : -[A-B-A-B-
A-B]-
TERMINOLOGY

13. • 6. Degree of polymerization
molecular weight of a polymer
= ---------------------------------------------------
---
molecular weight of a single monomer
TERMINOLOGY

14. • 7. HIGH POLYMER
Solid polymer which have very high
molecular weights ( 10000 to 1000000
g/mol)
TERMINOLOGY

15. • 8. OLIGO POLYMER
They are liquid / gas polymers with very
short chains ( having the molecular weight on
the order of 100 g/mol)
TERMINOLOGY

16. TYPES OF HOMO POLYMERS
9) LINEAR POLYMER
Here the mer(parts) units are joined to
end to end in single chain.
TERMINOLOGY

17. 10) BRANCHED POLYMERS
• Here the side branch chains are connected to
the main chain
TERMINOLOGY

18. • 11) CROSS – LINKED POLYMERS:
Here the adjacent linear chains are joined
one to another at various positions by
covalant bond
TERMINOLOGY

19. • 12) NETWORK POLYMERS
– It has three active covalent bonds (trifunctional
mer units) which form these dimensional
networks instead of the linear chain frame work
TERMINOLOGY

20. Types of copolymers
• 13. RANDOM COPOLYMERS
• Here 2 different units are randomly
dispersed along a chain
TERMINOLOGY

21. 14. ALTERNATING COPOLYMER
• The 2 mer units placed alternatively in a chain.
TERMINOLOGY

22. 15).BLOCK COPOLYMER
• Identical mers are clustered in blocks along the
chain.
TERMINOLOGY

23. 16).GRAFT COPOLYMER
• In this , homopolymer side branches of one
type may be grafted(side branch) to
homopolymer main chains that are composed
of a different mer.
TERMINOLOGY

24. • 17) Isomerism:
–Different atomic configuration are possible
for the same configuration.
– EX: C4H10
TERMINOLOGY

25. POLYMERIZATION
• Polymerization may be defined as the process of growing
large molecules from small ones. Polymerization links
together monomers.
• Monomers are molecules which combined end to end to
form large molecules known as polymer. They are three
general methods (or) mechanism of polymerization.
• Addition of polymerization
• Condensation of polymerization

26. ADDITION POLYMERISATION
• Definition: It is known as chain reaction
polymerisation.
–Two or more chemically similar monomers are
polymerized to form a long chain molecules.
–Double covalent bonds are broken in to single
bonds.
• Three Stages Of Addition Polymerisation:
–Initiation
–Propagation
–Termination.

27. Initiation

28. Propagation

29. Termination.

30. CONDENSATION POLYMERISATION
• It is otherwise called as STEP-GROWTH
POLYMERISATION
• It involve at least TWO DIFFERENT
MONOMERS.
• It gives some by product.