Friedrich Nietzsche was a 19th century German philosopher known for his influential philosophies including master-slave morality, nihilism, the Übermensch, the will to power, and eternal recurrence. Some of his most famous published books where Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Beyond Good and Evil, and The Antichrist. Nietzsche believed that traditional Western morality arose from the resentment of the weak rather than representing objective truths, and proposed the Übermensch as a new model of humanity that could overcome nihilism.

1. Nietzsche and his most famous
philosophies

2. “And those who were
seen dancing were
thought to be insane
by those who could
not hear the music.”

3. Nietzsche at a Glance
• 19th Century Philosopher
• Born on October 15th 1844 in Kingdom
of Prussia
• Area’s of Interest;
– Ethics
– Psychology
– Metaphysics
– Philosophy of History
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4. Nietzsche at a Glance
• Philosophies by Nietzsche;
– Master/Slave Morality
– Nihilism
– Ubermensch
– Will to Power
– Eternal Recurrence
• Influences
– Arthur Schopenhar’s “The World as Will and Representation”
• Taught Philosophy at University of Basel and worked as Independent
Philosopher as well.
• Died in 1900 due to Stroke. He was only 55.
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5. Notable Published Books
• Nietzsche Writings comprise of 26 Published and Numerous Non-Published Books and Essays
Notable Published Books!
• Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883)
• Beyond Good and Evil (1886)
• The Antichrist (1895)
• On Genealogy of Morality (1897)
• The Birth of Tragedy (1872)
• Human, All too Human (1878)
• Twilight of the Idols (1889)
• The Gay Science (1882)
• The Will to Power (1901)
• The Case of Wagner (1888)
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6. Nietzsche Famous Philosophies
Master Morality
vs.
Slave Morality
Nihilism
(God is Dead)
Will to Power
Ubermensch
(Overman /
Superman)
Eternal
Recurrence
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7. Master Morality vs. Slave Morality
• Nietzsche defined two types of Morality
• Master Morality and Slave Morality
• “Good and Bad Consequences” vs. “Good and Evil Intentions”
• Nietzsche as a Moral Skeptic
“There are no moral phenomena at all, only moral interpretations of phenomena”
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8. Master Morality vs. Slave Morality
• Traits of Master Morality
– Courage
– Power
– Honor
– Nobility
• Goodness in Master Morality
– “Things are not good in themselves rather they are good because they are approved by or desired by the master”
• Badness in Master Morality
– “Badness is not related to what something is but rather with what something isn't”
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9. Master Morality vs. Slave Morality
• Traits of Slave Morality
– Humility
– Obedience
– Weakness
• Goodness in Slave Morality
– “A slave views Master as “Evil”. Goodness is the opposite of Evil. So if Master is evil, I must be good”
• Badness in Master Morality
– “Traits of Master Morality”
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10. But Which Morality is Correct?
“You have your way. I have my way. As for the
right way, the correct way, and the only way, it does
not exist.”
- Friedrich Nietzsche
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11. Nihilism (God is Dead)
• A misunderstood concept of Nietzsche
• God is not Dead, yet He is!
• We have murdered God!
God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him. How shall we comfort ourselves, the
murderers of all murderers? What was holiest and mightiest of all that the world has yet owned
has bled to death under our knives: who will wipe this blood off us? What water is there for us
to clean ourselves? What festivals of atonement, what sacred games shall we have to invent? Is
not the greatness of this deed too great for us? Must we ourselves not become gods simply to
appear worthy of it?
- The Gay Science (Section 125)
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12. Nihilism (God is Dead)
• Concept of God exists in the mind of Believers, so Believers are
responsible for Life and Death of God!
• Faith : Belief in something there is no physical proof of!
• Our unethical and corrupt actions murdered God!
• “Either we died because of our religion or our religion dies because of us”
• “God has lost whatever function he once had because of the actions taken by those who
believe in him.”
- Welshon 40
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13. Will to Power
• The main driving force behind Human Ambition
• Charles Darwin – Theory of Evolution
• Nietzsche believed there was a higher purpose to Human Existence
• “Why do we Live?” Not for mere survival, but to expand, conquer,
grow and gain energy which motivates us to live!
• “Power” – not material wealth but rather a way to grasp more out of
life.
“The snake which cannot cast its skin has to die. As well the minds which are prevented from changing their
opinions; they cease to be mind.”
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14. Will to Power
“Meaning and morality of One's life come from within oneself. Healthy, strong
individuals seek self expansion by experimenting and by living dangerously. Life
consists of an infinite number of possibilities and the healthy person explores as many
of them as posible. Religions that teach pity, self-contempt, humility, self-restraint and
guilt are incorrect. The good life is ever changing, challenging, devoid of regret,
intense, creative and risky.”
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15. Ubermensch (Overman / Superman)
• Three stages of Man – Animal , Human , God
• A man can either sink to “animal” or rise above and overcome
himself to become “God”
• Will of Power vs. Will of Preservation!
• Using Nihilism to Discover Thyself!
• Overcoming pity, self defeatism and Slave Psychology
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16. Ubermensch (Overman / Superman)
“you must be ready to burn yourself in your own flame;
how could you rise anew if you have not first become ashes?”
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17. Eternal Recurrence
• The Concept of Time – Linear vs. Cyclic View
• Linear View – Progress (Technological Development)
• Cyclic View – Time is Cyclic and it repeats itself!
• How to Overcome the Horror of Life?
• We are small part of a large system.
• How do we become immortal? How do we achieve eternity?
• Noble Acts of Noble People!
– The music of Ludwig van Beethoven, the paintings of Caspar David Friedrich and the philosophy of Arthur
Schopenhauer!
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18. Eternal Recurrence
“You must have chaos within you to
give birth to a dancing star.”
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19. Questions?
Thank you!