The project involves designing a sustainable mixed-use building in Islamabad, emphasizing green construction practices and LEED certification. Key features include water conservation technologies, energy-efficient systems, and innovative materials to reduce environmental impact and improve indoor air quality. The project's anticipated benefits include reduced utility costs, improved safety, and enhanced community engagement, while potential implementation issues may arise from technology conflicts and cost overruns.

1. CADD SEMESTER PROJECT
SUSTAINABLE BUILDING DESIGN

2. Archlauds
Sr. # Name Designation Reg. #
1 Bilal Shahid Khokhar Chief Architect 20
2 Muaaz Bashir Dhudra LEED Engineer 84
3 Muazzam Ali Chief Engineer 45
4 Qasim Umer Manager – HR 96
5 Waleed Liaqat Field Engineer 122

3. Introduction
 The objective of the project was to design a green
building or renovate an existing building to make it
sustainable.
“Green or sustainable building is the practice of
creating healthier and more resource-efficient models
of construction, renovation, operation, maintenance,
and demolition.” © EPA
 LEED is a set of rating systems for the design,
construction, operation, and maintenance of green
buildings, homes and neighborhoods, developed by
the USGBC.
 “LEED 2009 For New Construction And Major
Renovations” served as the main reference material
for the project

4. THE BUILDING
Description and Drawings

5. Description
Type of building Mixed-use
Location/site Plot # 35,G-11 Markaz,
Shabbir Sharif Rd, Sector
G – 11, Islamabad.
Site Area 1600 sqyd
Number of floors 6
Number of shops 99
Number of offices 35
Number of flats – no
dining area
66
Number of flats – dining
area
6
Altitude Approx. 1850 ft above
sea level
Floor by Floor usage
Basement Commercial
Ground Commercial
1st Commercial
2nd Residential
3rd Residential
4th Residential

6. Description of areas (by floor)
Area Dimension
Basement
Shop
11’ x 10’-4”, 11’ x 26’,
11’ x 17’, 8’-9” x 10’-4”,
8’-9” x 26’
Corridor 8’ wide, 10’ wide
Passage 8’ wide, 7’wide
Ground floor
Shop 11’ x 64’, 11’ x 56’
Passage 6’ wide, 7’wide, 9’wide
1st floor
Office 11’ x 36’
Bath
8'-7" x 5'11“, 5’-7” x 5’-
11”
Kitchen
10’ x 8’-3”, 6’x7’, 5’ x 8’-
6”
Corridor 8’ wide
2nd , 3rd , 4th
Bed 11’ x 11’-4 ‘
T.V Lounge 11’ x 22’, 11’ x 14’
Bath 8'-7" x 5'11“, 5’-7” x 5’-11”
Kitchen 10’ x 8’-3”, 6’x7’, 5’ x 8’-6”
Dining Room 11’ x 13’
Corridor 8’ wide
Schedule of opening
Description Size
D1 3'-6"X8'
D2 3'-3"X8'
D3 3'X8'
All shop entrances 9'-6"X9'
All Bath doors 2'-6"X7'
All windows in corridors 4'X6'

7. Front Elevation

8. Cross-section

9. Basement (Plan)

10. Ground Floor Plan (shops)

11. 1st Floor Plan (offices)

12. 2nd , 3rd and 4th Floor Plan (Flats)

13. Building Site
 Building constructed in the heart of the G –
11 sector Islambad i.e. the G-11 Markaz.
 G-11 Markaz ; hub of commercial activity.
 Easily accessible by road.
 At Walking distance to nearby residential
areas (potential clients for shopkeepers)
 Access to basic infrastructure facilities,
amenities and services
 Is fairly clean and pollution free.
 The site is close to a main highway (Kashmir
Highway)
 Fulfills LEED’s Sustainable Site (SS) credit 2:
Density and Community Connectivity –
option 2 criteria. (5 credit points)

14. SUSTAINABILITY
FEATURES
Description and Implementation

15. Efficient Plumbing Fixtures
Intent
• Conserving water
• reducing water bills
Pertains to WE Credit 3: Water Use Reduction (2-4 credit points)
Technologies / Equipment
• Sensor Taps (infrared)
• Low output pressure fixtures (faucets, toilets,
shower heads)
• A few examples are shown below.
Calculations
• A water use (pressure) baseline must be
determined for the building.
• Fixtures with output pressures lower than the
baseline must be installed.
• Online calculator available at zurn.com
Fixture Product Max. Flow rate
LEED
Baseline
Price per unit
($)
Residential
bathroom faucet
(sinks)
Deva Vision Non
Concussive Self Closing
Basin Tap - VSN123
1.5 gpm 2.2 gpm 112
Residential
Bathroom Shower
head
MOEN Eco
Performance
Showerhead
1.75 gpm 2.5 gpm 58

16. Innovation in plan

17. Storm water Runoff control
Intent
• Reducing storm water run off
• Harvesting storm water for non-potable uses
such as toilet flushing
• Less stress on other water sources
Pertains to
SS Credit 6.1: Storm-water Design - Quantity Control
(1 credit point)
Technologies / Equipment
• Vegetation mats (roof)
• Flower boxes
• Large PVC Water tank for storm water storage
Feature Product Description
Price per
unit
($)
Vegetated
roof
Sika Sarnafil
Green Roof –
Intensive
 6 inch of growth medium is provided
that can grow a variety of plants.
 Fairly high maintenance will be
required.
 Storm-water retention up to 75 – 80%
25 – 40 per
sf
Rain water
Storage
PVC
rainwater
tank
 Tank installed within basement or
underground (near Building) to collect
storm-water.
 The tank will be connected to toilets on
the commercial floors of the building via
the building’s plumbing system.
variable

18. Grey Water Reuse
Intent
• Recycling grey water for non-potable uses
• Reducing stress on other water sources
• Reducing water bills
Pertains to
WE Credit 2: Innovative Wastewater Technologies (2
credit points)
Technologies /
Equipment
• Small scale recycling system (per bath)
Or
• Large scale recycling system for entire building
Feature Product Description
Price per unit
($)
Grey water
large scale
recycling
Huber
smartMBR
• It is an easy to use Membrane Bioreactor system
• It can be connected to underground rain water storage
tank, which in turn is connected to toilets in the building.
• Control functions are provided by an integrated
programmable logic controller (PLC).
• Treatment capacity : 10 – 75 m3 / day
Dependent on
certain variables
Grey water
small scale
recycling
SLOAN
AQUS
• Water flowing down wash basin or shower drain is treated
• Treated water stored in a 5.5 gallon reservoir.
• A centrifugal pump (DC power) pushes water via a
connecting pipe into storage tank of the toilet where it will be
used for flushing.
189 - 375

19. Cool or Green roof
Intent
• Reducing heat transfer into the building
• Reducing energy bills
Pertains to
SS Credit 7.2: Heat Island effect, EA Credit 1: Optimize
Energy Performance (1+(1 – 19) credit points)
Technologies /
Equipment
• Vegetation mats (cover 50% or more of roof)
• Reflective Coatings
Feature Product Description
Price per unit
($)
Reflective
roof coatings
Sikacoat®
roof coating
(white color
recommen
ded)
• It is a water-based acrylic technology
that is low in odor and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs).
• Sikacoat meets the cool roofing
requirements of Energy Star®,
California Title 24, LEED® and Green
Globes® programs.
• It has high solar reflectance.
0.75 – 3 per sqft

20. Innovation in plan

21. Efficient Building Envelope
Intent
• Preventing water ingress ,entry of pollutants, entry of insects and heat
transfer
• Reducing energy bills
• Maintaining indoor air quality
Pertains to EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance (1 – 19 credit points)
Technologies /
Equipment
• Sealants (doors and windows), Caulks (floors)
• Double glazed openable windows
• Durable and heat reflecting exterior paints
Feature Product Description
Price per unit
($)
Glazed windows
WIN-PAK
Double glaze
glass
• Consists of two glass sheets separated by
an aluminum spacer.
• The spacer contains desiccant granules to
absorb moisture.
• can reduce the energy consumption of a
building by 30% or more.
Varies according to
size of the windows
Durable exterior
paint
ICI
Dulux Weather
shield Sun Reflect
(Various Shades)
• It is a high quality 100% acrylic based emulsion
paint.
• It can keep exterior walls upto 5 degrees
(Celcius) cooler.
Varies according to
required volume

22. Green Refrigerants
Intent • Use of refrigerants that cause little to no ozone depletion or other environmental damage
Pertains to EA Credit 4: Enhanced Refrigerant Management (2 credit points)
Calculations
• Determination of each HVACR equipment’s ozone depletion (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP) for its
life cycle
• Using GWP and ODP values to determine the refrigerant impact per ton
• The ozone depletion potential (ODP) of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation to the
ozone layer it can cause, with trichlorofluoromethane (R-11 or CFC-11) being fixed at an ODP of 1. Refrigerants
with ODP near to zero or less than 0 are not considered harmful to the ozone.
• The averaged refrigerant impact per ton for a building should be less than 100 (LEED standard)
Technologies /
Equipment
• Any HVACR systems using Ammonia (R717), Carbon dioxide (R744), Hydroflorocarbons (HFCs)(R410a most
common), Water (R718)
Refrigerant Companies that offer relevant products Examples of products
Ammonia,
, Carbon dioxide,
Water, HFCs
Carrier, SolarNext, Toshiba
Residential split systems,
Commercial Multi-split systems,
Industrial HVAC systems, Chilled
beam systems, Underfloor air
distribution systems.

23. Air Purification and Air Quality
Monitoring
Intent
• Removing foul odors, dust, pathogens and other contaminants from
the air
• Maintaining a high indoor air quality
Pertains to
IEQ Credit 5: Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control (1credit
points)
Technologies /
Equipment
• Automatic Air purifiers (Hall ways, entrances, exits)
• Automatic dehumidifiers (offices and flats)
Feature Product Description
Price per unit
($)
Air purifier
Dr. Weil Single-Room Air
Purifier by Dansk®
 4-stage, "ozone free" filtration system removes 99.97% of dust, dander
and pollen, smoke and odors
 Neutralizes most airborne viruses, bacteria, mold and fungi as small
as 0.003 microns
 Features a smart sensor technology which allows it to continually
monitor and control air quality
 The purifier uses a HEPA (high efficiency particulate absorbing) filter
389
Dehumidifier
TrueDRY DR65 from
Honeywell
 Removes up to 65 pints of moisture per day
 Minimal maintenance required
 Increased comfort and energy savings
 Refrigerant Type: R-410A
1066

24. Innovation in plan

25. Geothermal System
Intent
• Using renewable energy for heating
• Reducing stress on non-renewable resources
• Reducing the building’s energy costs (40 to 60 %)
Pertains to EA Credit 2: On-site Renewable Energy (7 credit points)
Technologies /
Equipment
• Horizontally loop (preferred because of low
penetration depth)
• Vertical loop
• Slinky loop
• Pond loop
• Radiators
Feature Local companies that offer relevant
products and services
Estimated cost
($)
Geothermal
system
Shan Geothermal Technologies,
Blueline Technologies, Tecnasia
International
Depends upon scope
of work needed to
implement the
technology

26. Innovation in plan

27. Material Recycling
Intent
• Reducing construction cost
• Conserving natural resources and energy
• Conserving landfill space
Pertains to MR Credit 3: Materials Reuse (1 – 2 points)
Implementation
• Using Recycled materials (steel , wood etc.) in
construction
• Providing separate containers for different kinds of
solid waste (paper, plastics, glass) at waste disposal
areas within the building to encourage waste sorting
• Sending any sorted solid waste to local waste
management or recycling companies or organizations
Use of recycled
materials
• Furniture
• Plumbing fixtures
• Electrical Fixtures
• Beams, columns
Local waste recycling organizations
Waste busters, Ali traders waste management, Environmental Protection Department for
recycling

29. Interior finishes and use of adhesives
Intent
• Maintaining high indoor air quality
• Reducing VOC emissions and ultimately reducing environmental
pollution
• Reducing VOC related health problems (Eye and throat irritation,
headaches, cancer, liver or kidney damage)
Pertains to
IEQ Credit 4.2: Low-Emitting Materials - Paints and Coatings (1 credit
point)
Technologies /
Equipment
• Low VOC interior paints
• Low VOC polishes and varnishes
• Low VOC glues and adhesives
Feature Product Description
Price per unit
($)
Interior wall finish
Berger Breathe Easy
Paints
 can be applied on all types of smooth plasters, false ceiling,
asbestos sheet, concrete etc.
 Available in 3.6 liters and 0.9 liters pack
 Available in 101 shades
Depends on shade
and volume
required
Adhesives/glues
Loctite PL 375 VOC
Heavy Duty
Construction
Adhesive
 It is a versatile premium grade water-based adhesive for
demanding construction jobs
 It is non-flammable, environmentally friendly, and meets US
state and federal VOC limit regulations
 Sets in just 20 minutes and cures in 48 hours
4.98

30. Flooring systems
Intent
• Maintaining high indoor air quality
• Reducing VOC emissions and ultimately reducing environmental
pollution
• Reducing VOC related health problems (Eye and throat irritation,
headaches, cancer, liver or kidney damage)
• Reducing deforestation
Pertains to IEQ Credit 4.3: Low-Emitting Materials - Flooring systems ( 1 credit points)
Technologies /
Equipment
• Bamboo flooring (high growth and renewal rate, insect and water
resistant, cheap, hard and dense, low processing and maintenance)
• Ceramic and stone tiles (use of low VOC grouts possible)
Feature Product Description
Bamboo flooring
Teragren®
flooring
 Has earned FloorScore®-certification, the highest air quality
standard in the world
 All panels and 1/8" veneer are SCS Indoor Advantage™
Gold certified ( low VOC emissions)
 Optimum 5.5® Moso bamboo (matured bamboo) used
 Available in a variety of textures, shades and designs
Ceramic & stone tiles
 Available locally at Hadayatsons, Millat Marble, Asia Marble, S. Abdullah etc.
 Variety of designs available

31. Innovation in plan

32. Low Emissivity Films
Intent
• Maintaining indoor air temperature
• Reducing heat transfer without
compromising much on light
• Reducing energy costs
Pertains to
EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance (1 –
19 credit points)
Implementation
• Double glazed glass used in the building can
be coated with Low E films made from silver
or aluminum
• Low E films should be applied to both sheets
of a double glazed window
• Low E films cost 0.5$ /sqft to apply
• They can remain effective in temperatures of
upto 60 degree Celsius
• Reapplication required after 4 years of use

33. Innovation in plan

34. Wireless Fire Detection And Alarm
System
Intent
• Providing safety against fires
• Reducing response time to fires
• Reducing energy bills (use of battery powered detectors and
alarms)
• Reducing environmental pollution
Technologies
/ Equipment
• Wireless (battery powered) Detectors and alarms
• Radio linked Alarms (one alarm triggered, others triggered
automatically)
• Environment friendly fire extinguishers
• Multiple Fire Escape routes ( stairs on both ends of a building)
Feature Product Description Price per unit ($)
Smoke
detector
and alarm
system
Radio-Interlinked
Smoke and Heat
Alarms - Ei3100RF
Series
• A maximum of 12 alarms can be interconnected
• RF range 150 metres (minimum) in free space and up to 30 metres in buildings
• 5 year Warranty
63 - 89
Fire
Extinguishers
PurafoamTM Fire
Extiguisher
• Purafoam™ is readily biodegradable, therefore less harmful to the environment.
• Effective at fighting Class A (solid) and Class B (liquid) fires
• Comes in a variety of sizes
90 (large)

35. Efficient Electrical Fixtures
Intent
• Reducing energy bills
• Reducing stress on energy
production
• Reducing Environmental
pollution caused by
energy production
Technologies /
Equipment
• Low wattage lights (LEDs,
Compact fluorescent
lights)
• Intensity control switches
(brightness)
Usage
• Skylights and other exterior
lighting
• Interior lighting
Companies
Philips, Energy Focus, Osaka,
Metro
From
Eartheasy.com

36. Innovation in plan

37. Conclusion
Anticipated Benefits of Sustainable Features
and Possible Implementation Problems

38. Concluding Statements
Anticipated Benefits of
Sustainable Features
 Reduced health problems such as allergic
reactions, asthma attacks, headaches etc.
(cleaner air)
 Reduced electrical bills
 Reduced water bills
 Improved safety against fires
 Lowered maintenance costs of structural and
architectural elements (such as floors)
 Lowered Carbon – footprint of the building
(Low Global Warming Impact)
 Increased social contact (Vegetated roofs
can serve as community parks)
 Conservation of non renewable energy
sources
 Conservation of landfill space
Possible Implementation
Problems
 One technology may undermine the
function of another e.g. use of certain
ceramic tiles clashes with the function of
the use of low VOC paints
 Unanticipated costs related to
implementation e.g. installation of
geothermal heating system may cost a
lot more than the estimated cost
 Use of incompetent personnel for
implementation may reduce impact of
the features.
 Requirement of separate personnel for
implementation of each feature may
arise