This document outlines the key concepts of dialectical materialism including dialectics, materialism, and Engels' three laws of dialectics. It defines dialectical materialism as the view that ideas and thoughts change due to the movement and existence of matter. Materialism holds that the world is material and phenomena consist of matter in motion according to natural laws. Engels' three laws of dialectics are described as the law of unity and conflict of opposes, the law of passage of quantitative to qualitative changes, and the law of negation of the negation. Examples are provided for each law.

1. Emre DURNA

2.  Simplified Definition of Dialectical Materialism
 Dialectics
 Materialism
 Engels’ Law of Dialectics
 The Law of Unity and Conflict of Opposes
 The Law of the Passage of Quantitative Changes
into Qualitative Changes
 The law of Negation of the Negation
 References

3.  In simplified form, Dialectical Materialism
states that ideas and thoughts of human
changes in a dialectical process due to the
movement and existance of the matter.
 Dialectical Materialism is not only a
philosophy but also a complete way of
thinking to explain the reality.

4.  History and Philosophers
 Idealistic Dialectics (Hegel)
 Historical Materialism (K. Marx)
 Dialectical Materialism (F. Engels , K. Marx)

5.  Dialectics is the science of the general and
abstract laws of the development of
nature, society and thought.
 In Dialectical Materialism, the laws of
dialectics developed with a materialist point
of view.

6.  Materialism is a realist philosophy of
science, which holds that the world is
material; all phenomena in the universe
consist of “matter in motion” according to
natural laws.
 Materialism asserts the primacy of the
material world: matter precedes thought.
Thought is a reflection of material world.
“The ideal is nothing else than the material world reflected by the
human mind, and translated into forms of thought.” [1]

7.  The Law of Unity and Conflict of Opposes
 Allthings in reality composed of the opposite
sides and also they always have a confliction
due to the opposes.

8.  Example 1 : Infinity and Finitary
Finite Line of 1m
Infinitely many mid-points to pass in order to reach 1m

9.  TheLaw of Passage of the Quantitative
Changes into Qualitative Changes
 Thislaw proposes that for the description of
something if quality of a thing is increasing
its quantity must decrease and vice versa.

10.  Example 1: Football Team and Players
11 Football 1 Team
Players
 Example 2 : Fruits
1 Apple, 1 Peach 3 Fruits
and 1 Orange

11.  The Law of Negation of the Negation
 This
law is the fundemental of dialectic
change.
 Thingsin reality develop in a way that they
negated twice. (i.e. They lose their existance
twice to get a developed form of the one at
the beginning)

12.  Example 1: Seed – Plant (Negation in NATURE)
1st 2nd
Negation Negation
Apricot Planting Apricot Tree

13.  Example 2: Production (Negation in ECONOMICS)
1st 2nd
Negation Negation
Money (Capital) Commodities Money (Profit)
(Industrial Products)

14.  Simplified Definition of Dialectical Materialism
 Dialectics
 Materialism
 Engels’ Law of Dialectics
 The Law of Unity and Conflict of Opposes
 The Law of the Passage of Quantitative Changes
into Qualitative Changes
 The law of Negation of the Negation
 References

15.  Wikipedia. Dialectical Materialism
 Diyalektik
Materyalizme Giriş. August
Thalheimer.
 On the Negation of the Negation. Dave Muller
 [1] – K. MARX . Das Kapital, vol. 1