NIC AND HUB CONNECTING DEVICES

1. NIC & HUB

2. NIC Intro..
• A network interface card, more commonly
referred to as a NIC, connects a system to
a network. It is a card with a connector
port.
• In computer networking, a NIC provides
the hardware interface between a
computer and a network.

3. • Also known as Ethernet card or Network
adapter.
• Network interface cards provide a
dedicated, full-time connection to a
network.
• It allows your computer to "talk" to the
network and the network to communicate
with your computer.

4. Network cards are
typically available in
10/100/1000 Mbit/s
varieties.This means
they can support
maximum transfer
rate of 10, 100/1000
Megabits per
second.

5. This old ‘combo’ NIC accepts both BNC
(coaxial) and RJ45 (UTP) connectors.
BNC- (Bayonet Neill–Concelman) connector

6. Need of NIC
• Most computer networks transfer data
across a medium at a fixed rate, often
faster than the speed at which computers
can process individual bits.
• To accommodate the mismatch in speed,
each computer attached to a network
contain special purpose hardware known
as a network interface card (NIC).

7. • The NIC functions like an I/O device: it is
built for a specific network technology.
• It handles the details of frame
transmission or reception without requiring
the CPU to process each bit.

8. ETHERNET AND WIFI NICs
• Some NIC cards work with wired
connections while others are wireless.
• Most NICs support either wired Ethernet
or WiFi wireless standards.
• Ethernet NICs plug into the system bus of
the PC and include jacks for network
cables.
• while WiFi NICs contain built-in
transmitters / receivers (transceivers).

9. Installation of NICs
• The most common language or protocol
for LANs is Ethernet, sometimes referred
to as IEEE 802.3.
• A lesser-used protocol is Token Ring.
• When building a LAN, a network interface
card must be installed in each computer
on the network and all NICs in the network
must be of the same architecture.
• For example, all must either be Ethernet
cards, Token Ring cards, or an alternate
technology.

10. Cont..
• An Ethernet network interface card is
installed in an available slot inside the
computer.
• Most newer computers have a network
interface built into the motherboard.
• A separate network card is not required
unless multiple interfaces are needed or
some other type of network is used.
• Newer motherboards may even have dual
network (Ethernet) interfaces built-in.

11. Working
• A computer or device on a network can be
reached by its MAC (media access
control) address through the NIC card.
• Every Ethernet network card has a
unique 48-bit serial number called a MAC
address, which is stored in ROM carried
on the card.

12. Port In NICs
• The back plate of the network
interface card features a port that
looks similar to a phone jack, but
is slightly larger.
• A network card typically has a
twisted pair, BNC, or AUI socket
where the network cable is
connected, and a few LEDs to
inform the user of whether the
network is active, and whether or
not there is data being
transmitted on it.

13. • That port accommodates an Ethernet cable,
which resembles a thicker version of a
standard telephone line.
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) e.g. CAT6
(‘Category 6’)

14. Wireless Ethernet cards
• Wireless Ethernet cards are installed like their
wired counterparts, but rather than a port for an
Ethernet cable, the card features a small
antenna.
• The card communicates with the central wireless
switch or hub via radio waves.
• Wireless LANs may have some restrictions
depending on the material the building is made
from.
• For example, lead in walls can block signals
between the network interface card and hub or
switch.

15. Wireless Ethernet cards

16. HUB

17. HUB Intro..
• Hub is a network hardware device for
connecting multiple Ethernet devices
together and making them act as a
single network segment.
• Also called multiport repeater, ethernet
hub, active hub, network hub, repeater
hub.

19. • Acts on the physical layer
• Operate on bits rather than frames
• Used to connect stations adapters in a physical
star topology but logically bus
• Connection to the hub consists of two pairs of
twisted pair wire one for transmission and
the other for receiving.
• Hub receives a bit from an adapter and sends it
to all the other adapters without implementing
any access method.
• does not do filtering (forward a frame into a
specific destination or drop it) just it copy the
received frame onto all other links

21. • The entire hub forms a single collision domain, and
a single Broadcast domain
– Collision domain: is that part of the network (set
of NICs) when two or more nodes transmit at the
same time collision will happen.
– Broadcast domain: is that part of the network (set
of NIC) where each NIC can 'see' other NICs'
traffic broadcast messages.
• Multiple Hubs can be used to extend the network
length
• For 10BaseT and 100BaseT the maximum length of
the connection between an adapter and the hub is 100
meters  the maximum length between any two
nodes is 200 m = maximum network length

22. Types of HUBS
• Passive Hubs
• Active Hubs
• Intelligent Hubs (Switches)

23. Passive HUB
• It functions only as a
connection point for the
signals .
• The signal pass through a
passive hub without
regeneration or
amplification.

24. Active HUB
• It regenerates or amplifies
the signal before they are
retransmitted.
• Also called Multiport
repeaters
• Drawback:
– The noise is also regenerated

25. Intelligent Hubs (Switches)
• Add extra features to an active hub that a
• An intelligent hub, one can easily identify,
diagnose problems and even come up
with remedial solutions. This
troubleshooting of a large enterprise scale
network is possible with the help of an
intelligent hub. re particular importance to
business.