The document provides a comprehensive overview of networking essentials, including the benefits of networking, types of networks, roles of computers, and various components involved in network connectivity. It covers network topologies, technologies, and the functions of different hardware like adapters, cables, and devices such as routers and switches. Additionally, it details the specifications and methods of data transmission in both wired and wireless environments, emphasizing the importance of various Ethernet standards.

1. NETWORK ESSENTIALS

2. Introduction to Networks Networking Benefits Roles of Computers in a Network Types of Networks

3. Networking Benefits Networking Enables: Information Sharing Hardware and Software Sharing Centralized Administration and Support

4. Roles of Computers in a Network File and Print Server Database Server Mail Server Fax Server Mail Server Database Server Database Fax Server File and Print Server Directory Services Server Client Computer Mail Server Database Server Database Fax Server File and Print Server

5. Types of Networks Peer-to-Peer Client-Server

6. Examining the Network

7. Overview Scope of Networks Basic Connectivity Components Network Topologies Network Technologies Expanding the Network

8. Scope of Networks Local Area Network Wide Area Network

9. Basic Connectivity Components Network Adapters Network Cables Wireless Communication Devices

10. Network Adapters Receive data and convert it into electrical signals Receive electrical signals and convert them into data Determine if the data received is for a particular computer Control the flow of data through the cable

11. Network Cables Types of Cables Coaxial ThinNet ThickNet 10Base2, 10Base5 Fiber-Optic Twisted-Pair Unshielded (UTP) Shielded (STP) 10BaseT

12. Wireless Communication Devices Wireless Communication Devices Narrowband Radio Transmission Infrared Transmission

13. Network Topologies Bus Topology Star Topology Ring Topology Mesh Topology Hybrid Topologies

14. Bus Topology Terminator Segment Terminator

15. Star Topology Hub

16. Ring Topology

17. Mesh Topology

18. Hybrid Topologies Star-Bus Bus Star-Ring

19. Network Technologies Ethernet Token Ring Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)

20. Ethernet Collision Detection Carrier Sense Multiple Access Detects signal Transmits signal Collision detected Characteristics Description Access Method CSMA/CD Transfer Speed Standard Ethernet – 10 Mbps Fast Ethernet – 100 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet – 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps)

21. Token Ring Characteristics Description Access Method Token passing Transfer Speed 4 to 16 Mbps for all cable types Physical Ring Logical Ring MSAU

22. Fiber Distributed Data Interface Characteristics Description Access Method Token passing Transfer Speed Fiber-optic at 155 Mbps to 622 Mbps Primary Ring Secondary Ring

23. Expanding the Network Repeaters and Hubs Bridges Switches Routers Gateways Remote Access Connectivity Types Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) X.25 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)

24. Repeaters and Hubs Repeater Hub Repeater Transmits data to all connected computers Hub Transmits data to all connected computers in a star topology

25. Bridges Bridge

26. Switches Switch

27. Routers Router Router Router Router

28. Gateways Gateway Ethernet Token Ring

29. Positioning Ethernet in the Campus Access Layer Distribution Layer Core Layer Ethernet 10BaseT Position Fast Ethernet Position Access Layer Distribution Layer Core Layer Provides connectivty between the end user device and the access switch. Not typically used at this layer. Gives high-performance PC and workstations 100-Mbps access to the server. Provides connectivity between access and distribution layers. Provides connectivity from the distribution to core layer. Provides connectivity from the server block to the core layer. Provides inter-switch connectivity. Not typically used at this layer.

30. Comparing Ethernet Media Requirements 10Base5 100BaseTX 10BaseT 100BaseFX Media Maximum Segment Length Topology Connector 50-ohm coax (thick) 500 meters Bus 100 meters Star Star Point-to-Point EIA/TIA Cat 3, 4, 5 UTP 2 pair EIA/TIA Cat 5 UTP 2 pair 62.5/125 micron multi-mode fiber AUI ISO 8877 (RJ-45) Duplex media- interface connector (MIC) ST ISO 8877 (RJ-45) 400 meters 100 meters

31. Differentiating between Connections AUI connectors are DB15 ISO 8877 (RJ-45) connectors and jacks are slightly larger than RJ-11 phone connectors and jacks Fiber Connector Port