NFC, or Near Field Communication, allows short-range wireless communication between electronic devices when they are 10 cm or closer. It works by generating magnetic fields to transmit data at rates up to 424 kbps. NFC has several modes and applications, including payments, information sharing, tickets, and secure access. While security risks exist from signal interception, solutions include encrypting data transmission and requiring close physical proximity for interactions. Overall, NFC offers convenient contactless connectivity and its security compares similarly to other wireless technologies when proper protections are implemented.

1. NFC
Applications and Security

2. WHAT IS
NFC ?
NFC stands for Near Field Communication.
NFC is a short-range wireless connectivity technology that provides
intuitive, simple, and safe communication between electronic devices.
It is a wireless communication interface with a working distance limited
to about 10 cm.

3.  It works on the simple principle of inductive coupling.
 When current flows through the NFC chip, a magnetic field is
generated.
 This field induces electricity within the second device or an NFC
tag.
 The second device generates a magnetic field of its own which
is then detected by the first device.
 It registers this RF field and decodes it.

5. NFC STANDARDS
 Operates at 13.56 MHz
 Can send data at a rate of 106, 212 or 424 kb per
second.

6. MODES OF OPERATION
READ MODE PEER-TO-PEER CARD EMULATION
SIMPLY READS AN NFC TAG TWO NFC ENABLED DEVICES
CAN EXCHANGE
INFORMATION.
PHONE CAN ACT AS A CARD
TO MAKE PAYMENTS

7. PRESENT AND PROTOTYPED

8. • Make payments with a wave or a touch anywhere contactless card readers have
been deployed.
• Read information and “pick up” special offers and discounts from smart posters or
smart billboards.
• Store tickets to access transportation gates, parking garages or get into events.
• Store personal information that will allow secure building access.
• Take a picture and transfer it to an NFC-enabled printer or monitor.
• Share business cards with other NFC-enabled phones.

9. AT PARKING METERS

10. NFC POWERING AN E-PAPER.

11. NFC
RINGS

12. SECURITY
• Whenever radio frequencies are involved, there's a potential security risk.
• Even though NFC transmissions must take place over very short ranges, it's possible
to pick up transmissions from much further away.
• It's harder to detect transmissions from passive components. Even so, an
eavesdropper could detect signals from about a meter away with the right
equipment.
• Data can be stolen or corrupted by an attacker easily
By creating an RF field of the same frequency as that of the sender.
By changing bits 1 to 0 or vice versa in a signal.
By modulating carrier signal with a pause in the original signal.

13. SOLUTIONS
• NFC specific key agreement
Set of keys unique for NFC transactions
This one does not require any asymmetric cryptography.
Therefore reduces the computational requirements significantly
• Secure Channel for NFC
 Establishing a secure channel between two NFC devices is clearly the best approach to
protect against eavesdropping and any kind of data modification attack.
 A standard key agreement protocol like Diffie-Hellmann Elliptic Curves could be applied
to establish a shared secret between two devices
• Chip Modification
The NFC chip can be modified to constantly check its RF field while it is transmitting data.
 The power required to attack is much larger than the power of the NFC signal.
Hence the chip will be able to identify an attacking signal instantly

14. CONCLUSION
• NFC is not more insecure than other related technologies. It offers options for
encrypting data on the application layer the same way as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth,
but additionally provides safety through the requirement of very close physical
proximity.
• At present, the NFC technology has reached a level where
commercial launch preparation can begin and should be established.
• Reliability and usability of NFC applications are probably
the most striking advantages of the NFC technology and therefore important
keys to its success.

15. • When compared to alternative technologies, NFC offers great advantages.
• It is very likely that the NFC technology will play a big role in our future
everyday life.