Near Field Communication (NFC) is a wireless technology that allows data exchange between devices over short distances. It was standardized in 2006 and uses electromagnetic fields for communication instead of radio waves like Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. Major applications of NFC include contactless payments, ticketing, data sharing, and multi-player gaming. While common in Asia and Europe, adoption is growing in the US as well with integration into mobile platforms like Android and inclusion in many smartphones. Security is ensured through encryption of data exchanged between NFC devices.

1. NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION
D.NITHIN KRISHNA

2. INTRODUCTION
 Near Field Communication (NFC) is a wireless
technology to enable communications between
two devices over close distances.
 NFC uses electromagnetic fields to communicate
which is in contrast to Bluetooth or Wi-Fi which
use radio transmissions.
 It implements standards from ISO, ECMA, ETSI.

3. NFC - HISTORY
Sony and Phillips are the leading innovators of NFC today.
In 2004, Nokia, Sony, and Phillips formed the NFC Forum, which has
now more than 200 members.
In 2006, the NFC Forum first documented the technology.
Several trials of the technology took place in 2007 and 2008, but it
wasn’t successful.
Major mobile manufacturers began including the technology in their
products.
2011 could be the year of Near Field Communications.
Currently, NFC technology is more common in Asia, Japan, and Europe.
However the US is starting to catch up.

4. NFC - WORKING
NFC operates in two modes.
They are:
1. Active - Passive Mode
2. Active - Active Mode

5. ACTIVE-PASSIVE MODE
In this mode, one of the devices i.e. active device generates
the RF field and the other device uses this field to
communicate.
The active device is called the "reader" and the passive
device is called the "tag".

6. ACTIVE - ACTIVE MODE
In this mode, both devices generate their own RF fields.
In this case, two mobile devices are used to exchange data.

7. APPLICATIONS
 NFC can be used as a virtual wallet and a smart card.

8.  NFC devices can be used to make purchases from vending machines.

9. NFC can be used in Smart Posters, where NFC chip is
embedded into the poster and one can just flash their
mobile device and know more information about the
event.

10. NFC equipped mobile can be used for ticketing applications.

11. An NFC mobile device can transfer photos and files to a computer or HDTV.

12. NFC can be used for multi-player gaming.

13.  An NFC mobile device can be used to get cash from an ATM.

14. NFC - SECURITY
Data between the two NFC devices can be encrypted using
AES standards.
 Encryption is necessary for things such as credit card
transactions because a third device could enter the picture and
steal data.
 If an NFC credit card is stolen, it can be used to make
purchases. This can be prevented by using password to block
its usage.

15. COMPARISION WITH BLUE-TOOTH:
NFC and Bluetooth are both short-range communication technologies
.
NFC(424 kbit/s) operates at slower speed than Bluetooth (2.1
Mbit/s).
NFC consumes less power than Blue-tooth.
Vs

16. NFC ENABLED HANDSETS
The following are some NFC enabled mobile phones:
•Blackberry Curve
•HTC One X
•LG Optimus L7
•Motorola Droid Razr M
•Nokia Lumia 610,920
•Samsung Galaxy SIII
•Sony Xperia S
The following are the some NFC enabled tablets:
•Nexus 7
•Nexus 10

17. CONCLUSION
NFC is an emerging wireless technology and will continue to
develop.
While the technology is common in Japan and Europe, the US
is slowly adopting it.
Google has integrated NFC support into Android through its
Google Wallet.
NFC technology has been incorporated into Apple’s iOS.
NFC support has become a part of the Symbian with the
release of Symbian Anna version.
In India, Citibank and Delhi Metro have adopted NFC for it’s
services.