ICSTI TACC 2014: How Mendeley Illuminates a Broader Definition of Impact

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This document discusses how Mendeley, a research organization tool, provides a broader definition of impact beyond traditional citations. It collects metadata on researchers and their readings and interactions with documents. This data helps provide personalized recommendations and shows how research is being used beyond just citations. It indicates readership is a better indicator of impact than citations alone as it is faster to accrue and captures hidden impacts. The document addresses some issues to consider with alternative metrics and notes cultural differences in social media usage.

Science

How Mendeley illuminates a
broader definition of impact
William Gunn, Ph.D.
Head of Academic Outreach
Mendeley
@mrgunn
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3555-2054

...and aggregates research
data in the cloud
Install
Mendeley Desktop
Mendeley extracts
research data…
Collecting rich signals
from domain experts.

Read papers + keep track of notes
470M documents

New forms of discovery
• Mendeley Suggest
– personalized recommendations based on
reading history
• related articles
– relatedness based on document similarity
• recommender frameworks
– implement recommendations as a service
• third-party recommender services
– serve niche audiences

We are publishing this data to the LOD cloud
http://code-research.eu/

Connecting researchers
Search
Read
Annotate
Organize
Import
Write

Data we collect
• Metadata about the paper
–title, author, tags, annotations,
reads, shares, groups
• Metadata about the researcher
–discipline, educational status,
country, papers they’ve authored,
presentations, expertise

Defining readership
• Each document addition is a
“read”
• stamped with metadata
describing the context of the read
event
• a read is like a citation, but faster
and captures more

The higher the impact factor,
the more likely the research is to
be retracted, partly due to
intense competition.
http://bjoern.brembs.net/news766.html.11
Highly Tweeted articles are 11x
more likely to be highly cited.
(Eysenbach 2011)
http://www.jmir.org/2011/4/e123/
What matters is who is
reading your work!

Problems with Impact Factor
During discussions with Thomson
Scientific over which article types
in PLoS Medicine the company
deems as “citable,” it became clear
that the process of determining a
journal's impact factor is
unscientific and arbitrary.”
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030291

Readership vs. citations
• it comes with a payload of
metadata
• it accrues faster
• it illuminates previously
hidden impact

http://arxiv.org/html/1203.4745v1
altmetrics show broader impact

http://dx.doi.org/10.3789/isqv25no2.2013.04

altmetrics show broader impact
http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/Apr-13/AprMay13_Lin_Fenner.html

Issues To Be Addressed
• Identity
• Privacy
• Attribution
• Gaming
• Filtration
standards/
best practice

There is no gold standard
 Amgen: 47 of 53 “landmark” oncology publications could
not be reproduced
 Bayer: 43 of 67 oncology & cardiovascular projects were
based on contradictory results
 Dr. John Ioannidis: 432 publications purporting sex
differences in hypertension, multiple sclerosis, or lung
cancer. Only one data set was reproducible

Cultural skew is important
South America is weak on N.A. social media, strong on Mendeley

What would people build if they
could get the data?
• Impact Story – get credit for all your work
• PLOS ALM – article-level metrics for
papers
• Plum Analytics – bespoke analytics for
libraries (EBSCO)
• Altmetric.com – altmetrics for publishers.
(Digital Science)

www.mendeley.com
william.gunn@mendeley.com
@mrgunn

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We report on the discovery of Gliese 12 b, the nearest transiting temperate, Earth-sized planet found to date. Gliese 12 is a bright (V = 12.6 mag, K = 7.8 mag) metal-poor M4V star only 12.162 ± 0.005 pc away from the Solar system with one of the lowest stellar activity levels known for M-dwarfs. A planet candidate was detected by TESS based on only 3 transits in sectors 42, 43, and 57, with an ambiguity in the orbital period due to observational gaps. We performed follow-up transit observations with CHEOPS and ground-based photometry with MINERVA-Australis, SPECULOOS, and Purple Mountain Observatory, as well as further TESS observations in sector 70. We statistically validate Gliese 12 b as a planet with an orbital period of 12.76144 ± 0.00006 d and a radius of 1.0 ± 0.1 R⊕, resulting in an equilibrium temperature of ∼315 K. Gliese 12 b has excellent future prospects for precise mass measurement, which may inform how planetary internal structure is affected by the stellar compositional environment. Gliese 12 b also represents one of the best targets to study whether Earth-like planets orbiting cool stars can retain their atmospheres, a crucial step to advance our understanding of habitability on Earth and across the galaxy.

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ICSTI TACC 2014: How Mendeley Illuminates a Broader Definition of Impact

1. How Mendeley illuminates a broader definition of impact William Gunn, Ph.D. Head of Academic Outreach Mendeley @mrgunn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3555-2054

2. ...and aggregates research data in the cloud Install Mendeley Desktop Mendeley extracts research data… Collecting rich signals from domain experts.

3. Cloud Library Home Work Mobile

4. Shared Folder

5. Read papers + keep track of notes 470M documents

6. Taking some misery out of writing

7. Mendeley Research Catalog

8. Mendeley Research Catalog

9. New forms of discovery • Mendeley Suggest – personalized recommendations based on reading history • related articles – relatedness based on document similarity • recommender frameworks – implement recommendations as a service • third-party recommender services – serve niche audiences

10. Information Extraction

11. We are publishing this data to the LOD cloud http://code-research.eu/

12. Connecting researchers Search Read Annotate Organize Import Write

13. Data we collect • Metadata about the paper –title, author, tags, annotations, reads, shares, groups • Metadata about the researcher –discipline, educational status, country, papers they’ve authored, presentations, expertise

14. 2.7M researchers

15. Defining readership • Each document addition is a “read” • stamped with metadata describing the context of the read event • a read is like a citation, but faster and captures more

16. research impacts more than authors

17. Problems with Impact Factor

18. The higher the impact factor, the more likely the research is to be retracted, partly due to intense competition. http://bjoern.brembs.net/news766.html.11 Highly Tweeted articles are 11x more likely to be highly cited. (Eysenbach 2011) http://www.jmir.org/2011/4/e123/ What matters is who is reading your work!

19. Problems with Impact Factor During discussions with Thomson Scientific over which article types in PLoS Medicine the company deems as “citable,” it became clear that the process of determining a journal's impact factor is unscientific and arbitrary.” http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030291

20. Citations are slow

21. Mendeley is fast

22.

23.

24. Readership vs. citations • it comes with a payload of metadata • it accrues faster • it illuminates previously hidden impact

25. http://arxiv.org/html/1203.4745v1 altmetrics show broader impact

26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3789/isqv25no2.2013.04

27. altmetrics show broader impact http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/Apr-13/AprMay13_Lin_Fenner.html

28. Issues To Be Addressed • Identity • Privacy • Attribution • Gaming • Filtration standards/ best practice

29. There is no gold standard  Amgen: 47 of 53 “landmark” oncology publications could not be reproduced  Bayer: 43 of 67 oncology & cardiovascular projects were based on contradictory results  Dr. John Ioannidis: 432 publications purporting sex differences in hypertension, multiple sclerosis, or lung cancer. Only one data set was reproducible

30. Cultural skew is important South America is weak on N.A. social media, strong on Mendeley

31. What would people build if they could get the data? • Impact Story – get credit for all your work • PLOS ALM – article-level metrics for papers • Plum Analytics – bespoke analytics for libraries (EBSCO) • Altmetric.com – altmetrics for publishers. (Digital Science)

32. www.mendeley.com william.gunn@mendeley.com @mrgunn

ICSTI TACC 2014: How Mendeley Illuminates a Broader Definition of Impact

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ICSTI TACC 2014: How Mendeley Illuminates a Broader Definition of Impact