This document discusses newborn care, including immediate care at birth, daily routine care, and follow up. Immediate care involves maintaining temperature, breathing, and circulation. Daily care includes preventing infection, maintaining temperature, breastfeeding, cord care, eye care, vitamin K administration, nutrition, clothing, weight monitoring, immunizations, observation, and follow up appointments. The goal is to establish homeostasis and monitor for any issues.
Essential newborn care Essential care of a normal newborn can be best provided by the mothers under the supervision of nursing personnel.
About 80% of newborn babies require minimal care.
The normal term baby should be kept with their mother rather than in a separate nursery.
Rooming-in promotes better emotional bondage, prevents cross-infection and establishes breast feeding easily.
Active participation of mothers in the nursing care of the baby develops self-confidence in her.
Essential newborn care Essential care of a normal newborn can be best provided by the mothers under the supervision of nursing personnel.
About 80% of newborn babies require minimal care.
The normal term baby should be kept with their mother rather than in a separate nursery.
Rooming-in promotes better emotional bondage, prevents cross-infection and establishes breast feeding easily.
Active participation of mothers in the nursing care of the baby develops self-confidence in her.
kindly give your suggestion if you like this. Newborn care and safety are the activities and precautions recommended for new parents or caregivers. It is also an educational goal of many hospitals. it helpful for the students also for educative purpose.
baby born before 37 weeks of gestation calculating from the first day of last menstural period is defined as preterm baby/ premature baby.
These babies are known as preemies
IT IS UPLOADED TO HELP NURSING AND PARAMEDICS EDUCATOR TO TEACH THEIR STUDENTS REGARDING NEW BORN CARE. IT ALSO HELPS TO CREATE AWARENESS AMONG GENERAL PUBLIC ABOUT THE NEW BORN CARE.
kindly give your suggestion if you like this. Newborn care and safety are the activities and precautions recommended for new parents or caregivers. It is also an educational goal of many hospitals. it helpful for the students also for educative purpose.
baby born before 37 weeks of gestation calculating from the first day of last menstural period is defined as preterm baby/ premature baby.
These babies are known as preemies
IT IS UPLOADED TO HELP NURSING AND PARAMEDICS EDUCATOR TO TEACH THEIR STUDENTS REGARDING NEW BORN CARE. IT ALSO HELPS TO CREATE AWARENESS AMONG GENERAL PUBLIC ABOUT THE NEW BORN CARE.
Essential new born care is the care provided to the baby immediate after the birth of the baby which is very important to reduce the neonatal mortality rate includes
supporting breastfeeding.
providing adequate warmth.
ensuring good hygiene and cord care,
recognizing early signs of danger and providing prompt treatment and.
referral, giving extra care to small babies, and.
having skilled health workers attend mothers and babies at delivery.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
3. NEWBORN BEHAVIORAL
ADAPTATIONS
• The cry of the Newborn baby is vigorous.
• A neonate spends about 80% of the time in
sleeping ( about 20 hours a day .) .
4. IMMEDIATE BASIC CARE OF
NEONATES
• Immediate basic care of newborn at birth
includes; maintenance of temperature,
establishment of open airway, initiation of
breathing, and maintenance of circulation.
• Healthy normal neonates need only warmth,
breastfeeding, close observation for early
detection of problems and protection from
infections and injuries. Baby should not be
separated from the MOTHER.
• As majority of babies cry at birth and spntaneous
respiration.
5. IMMEDIATE BASIC CARE OF
NEONATES
• Being prepared for resuscitation = Basic
readiness must be ensured to manage
asphyxia. The preparation includes;
1) A radiant heat source ready for use
2) All resuscitation equipments immediately
available and in working order
3) At least one person skilled in neonatal
resuscitation
6. IMMEDIATE BASIC CARE OF
NEONATES
• Signs to evaluate : Mainly 3 signs ;
respiration, H.R, and color. Low HR is an
important sign.
• Apgar Scoring – Described by Dr. Virginia Apgar
9. IMMEDIATE BASIC CARE OF
NEONATES
• Apgar Scoring – The fifth minutes’ score has
greater predictive value , since it correlate with
neonatal morbidity and mortality. It correlates
more closely with baby’s neurologic status at one
year of age.
• After cutting the cord aseptically, the baby should
be kept dry, wrapped with dry warm cloths,
examined thoroughly and quickly to assess
normal characteristics, to detect congenital
malformations or any signs of illness.
10. IMMEDIATE BASIC CARE OF
NEONATES
• Identification tag is given to the MOTHER and
BABY. The sex of the bay is shown to the
MOTHER.
• Recording to be done neatly and accurately about
the event of birth of the baby. ( DOB, Time,
Examination findings or presence of any
problems . ) .
• Prepare mother to start breastfeeding and
initiate breast feeding to the baby.
• Sick or at risk neonates need special care in
special seeting.
12. DAILY ROUTINE CARE OF
NEONATES.
The major goal of NURSING CARE OF NEWBORN
is to establish and maintain homeostasis. This
care is performed involving Mother and
Family members. Majority of the
complications of the normal neonates may
occur during first 24 hours or within 7 days.
Close observation and daily essential routine
care are important for health and survival of
the newborn baby.
13. DAILY ROUTINE CARE OF
NEONATES.
1) PREVENTION OF INFECTION.
a) Clean environment. ( 5 CLEANS of Birthing
process) = clean hands, clean cord cut, clean
delivery surface, clean cord tie and clean cord
stump.
b) Hand washing for
care givers.
c) Strict asepsis.
d) No sharing.
e) Parental Education.
14. DAILY ROUTINE CARE OF
NEONATES.
2) DRYING AND TEMPERATURE
MAINTENANCE.
One of the first steps after birth is thorough drying
of the body, especially, head, which constitutes a
large part of the neonatal surface area.
The Vernix , the cheesy material stuck
on newborn skin made of dead skin, hair and
secretions, serves to conserve heat and protect the
delicate newborn skin from environmental stress;
no attempt is made to remove this.
15. Methods of heat loss
Evaporation – wet surface exposed to air
Conduction – direct contact with cool objects
Convection- surrounding cool air - drafts
Radiation – transfer of heat to cooler objects not
in direct contact with infant
17. 2) DRYING AND TEMPERATURE
MAINTENANCE.
• Baby can be carried to a pre-heated area or
under radiant warmer.
• Warmth is provided by keeping the baby dry and
wrapping the baby with adequate clothing in two
layers, ensuring extremities well covered. Baby
Should be kept inside
the mother, so that
The mother’s body –
Temperature can keep
The baby warm.
18. 2) DRYING AND TEMPERATURE
MAINTENANCE.
• Bathing is avoided to prevent hypothermia
and infections.
• Ambient atmospheric temperature to be kept
warm adequately ( 28 – 32 degree celcius.) .
• Temperature should be recorded ( by axillary,
skin or human touch method) freequently
during initial postnatal period.
19. DAILY ROUTINE CARE OF
NEONATES.
3) BREAST FEEDING
Start breast feeding within
½ hr of birth (if normal labour)
and within 1 hour if LSCS.
No prelacteal feeds to be
Given and colostrum feeding
Must be offered.
20. 3) BREAST FEEDING
• Initially feeding should be given in short
interval of 1 to 2 hours and then every 2 to 3
hrs.
• Most babies regularize their feeding pattern
by the end of first week and self demand
feeding is established in Q 3-4 H interval.
• Nurse should assist the Mother to feed her
baby adequately for the maintenance of
hydration and adequate nutrition.
21. DAILY ROUTINE CARE OF
NEONATES.
4) CORD CARE
The umbilical cord is cut about 2 to 3 inches
from the naval with aseptic techniques during
delivery and tied with sterile cotton thread or
disposable plastic clip. Inspected for any
bleeding which commonly occurs due to
shrinkage of cord and loosening of ligature.
22. 4) CORD CARE
No dressing should be applied and
kept it open and dry.
Normally it falls off
after 5 to 10 days but
may take longer
especially when infected.
23. 5) CARE OF THE EYES
5) CARE OF THE EYES
Should be cleaned at
birth and once every day
Using sterile cotton
swabs soaked in sterile water or normal saline.
Each eye should be cleaned using a separate swab,
moved over the lower edge of eyelid from medial
to lateral canthi. Application of kajal in the eyes
must be avoided to prevent lead poisoning.
24. 5) CARE OF THE EYES
• If there was evidence of gonococcal infection in
Mother, in which case 1% Silver nitrate is applied
in both eyes of the baby.
• The eyes should be observed for redness, sticky
discharge or excessive tearing for early detection
of problems and prompt management.
• The cultural practice of instillation of human
colostrum in the eyes has been found to be useful
to reduce the incidence of sticky eyes.
25. DAILY ROUTINE CARE OF
NEONATES.
6) VITAMIN K PROPHYLAXIS
Vitamin K is produced in the human body from bacteria
colonizing the gut. In babies the relative absence of
such micro-organisms and deficiency of viamin K in
breast milk predispose the baby to its deficiency.
This deficiency can manifest as vit.K deficiency with
bleeding with formation of subcutaneous haematomas ,
ecchymosis, mucosal bleeding and lifethreatening intra-
cranial bleed.
In order to prevent this , Inj. Vitamin K 1mg I/M to all
babies 1 kg or more and 0.5 mg to those less than 1 kg.
26. DAILY ROUTINE CARE OF
NEONATES.
7) NUTRITION
Breast milk is the best source of nutrition
for infants under 6 months of age. Information
regarding breast feeding and its importance need to
be discussed with the Mother.
27. DAILY ROUTINE CARE OF
NEONATES.
8) CLOTHING OF THE BABY
The baby should be
dressed with loose, soft, and
cotton cloths.
A triangle square piece of thick,
soft, absorbant cloth should be
used as napkin.
Cloths should not be tight especially
around the neck or abdomen.
28. 8) CLOTHING OF THE BABY
• Woollen cloths should not be stored with moth
balls (a small, white ball containing a chemical with
a strong smell that keepsmoths away from clothes),
because there is a chance of severe jaundice in
baby with G-6-PD deficiency.
• Wash the Baby’s cloth properly and sun dried
to prevent skin irritation.
29. DAILY ROUTINE CARE OF
NEONATES.
9) WEIGHT RECORDING
The average weight gain in healthy
term babies is about 30 gm/day in first month
of life. It is about 20 gm/ day in second month
and 10 gm / day afterwards during first year of
life.
Most babies double their birth weight
by 4 to 5 months.
30. 9) WEIGHT RECORDING
• But in the first week of life there is physiological
loss of body weight due to removal of vernix,
mucus, blood, passage of meconium and
reduction of extracellular blood volume.
• Delay and unsatisfactory feeding is also
contributing to weight loss. With adequate breast
feeding , majority of the babies regain the weight
within 7 to 10 days of Birth.
31. DAILY ROUTINE CARE OF
NEONATES.
10) IMMUNIZATIONS
In institutional delivery, all neonates should be
immunized with BCG Vaccine and Zero dose
of OPV. Hepatitis B Vaccine can be
administered at birth as first dose.
The OPV may preferably be given after 3 days
of age because colostrum may interfere with
its uptake.
32. DAILY ROUTINE CARE OF NEONATES.
11) OBSERVATION
The Baby should be thoroughly observed twice daily
for early detection of any abnormalities.
Temperature, PR/HR, RR, Feeding behaviors, stool ,
urine and sleeping pattern should be assessed.
Mouth , eyes , cord and skin should be looked for any
infections.
Daily observation is essential to detect the presence of
danger signs for early interventions.
33. DAILY ROUTINE CARE OF
NEONATES.
12) GENERAL CARE, FOLLOW UPAND
ADVICE TO MOTHERS
Keep baby in well ventilated clean
room.
Follow up at least 1 in every
month for first 3 months till
one year of age.
Assessment of Growth and
Development.