A real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), also known as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), is a laboratory technique of molecular biology based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It monitors the amplification of a targeted DNA molecule during the PCR (i.e., in real time), not at its end, as in conventional PCR. The reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a sensitive technique for the quantification of steady-state mRNA levels, particularly in samples with limited quantities of extracted RNA, or for analysis of low level transcripts. The procedure amplifies defined mRNA transcripts by taking advantage of retroviral enzymes with reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, coupled to PCR.

1. New words from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ravi Kumudesh
MSc (SMgt) / BMLS / BSC (Mgt) /HND (MLT)
College of Medical Laboratory Science,Sri Lanka (CMLS.SL)

2. Corona Vocabulary
Because the COVID-19 crisis has developed at
such a rapid pace and some of the words and
ideas associated with the crisis are themselves
new, we have made an unscheduled update for
words connectedwith the disease and responses
to it.
Some of these terms are new to the dictionary,
others have revised definitions. Some words are
newly prominent in the language, qualifying for
entry in record time, while others had previously
been scheduled for entry in the near future.

3. COVID 19
• COVID-19 is a new name for a new disease,
coined as an abbreviated form of Corona
Virus Disease 2019
• Coronavirus is the broader name for the
family of viruses that includes COVID-19,
and its entry has been revised to show that
relationship. A new example has been
added to the entry for novel (“new”).

4. SARS, MERS and Coronavirus
• SARS
Severe acute Respiratory Syndrome
• MERS
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
• SARS-CoV-2
• MERS-CoV.
• nCoV.
novel coronavirus

5. Social distancing
• Social distancing is a new term for most of
us, but has become ubiquitous in coverage
of safe practices for preventing the spread
of the disease. A new definition has been
added to social distance and the
verb socially distance has also been added.

6. Self-quarantine
• Self-quarantine means to refrain from any
contact with other individuals for a period
of time (such as two weeks) during the
outbreak of a contagious disease usually by
remaining in one's home and limiting
contact with family members.

7. Diagnosis
• Index case is defined as the first documented case of an infectious disease or
genetically transmitted condition or mutation in a population, region, or family.
• Index patient is defined as an individual affected with the first known case of an
infectious disease or genetically transmitted condition or mutation in a population,
region, or family.
• Patient zero is defined as a person identified as the first to become infected with an
illness or disease in an outbreak.
• Contact tracing means the practice of identifying and monitoring individuals who
may have had contact with an infectious person as a means of controlling the spread
of a communicable disease.
• Community spread refers to the spread of a contagious disease to individuals in a
particular geographic location who have no known contact with other infected
individuals or who have not recently traveled to an area where the disease has any
documented cases.
• Super-spreader and its related noun super-spreading refer to an individual who is
highly contagious and capable of transmitting a communicable disease to an
unusually large number of uninfected individuals.

8. Community Spread
Sometimes a person can
trace how they got the virus
because they will know they
have been in contact with
someone who is sick. In
other cases, the cause is
unknown. Community
spread is when someone
gets the virus without any
known contactwith a sick
person.

9. Capacity Threshold
• Capacity Threshold means the capacity to serve a
minimum percentage of Apple Health.
• Service level management defines and regulates other
required capacity and performance management
processes. Service level management is a proven
methodology that helps with resource issues by defining
a deliverable and creating two-way accountability for a
service tied to that deliverable.
• There is Level of agreement between number of
admitted patients and the hospitals capacity including
HR, Infrastructure, equipments and other supplies to
maintain minimum service quality.

10. Real Time Reverse Transcriptase
Polymerase Chain Reaction(RT RT PCR)
• A real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), also
known as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), is
a laboratory technique of molecular biology based on
the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It monitors the
amplification of a targeted DNA molecule during the PCR (i.e.,
in real time), not at its end, as in conventional PCR.
• The reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-
PCR) is a sensitive technique for the quantification of steady-
state mRNA levels, particularly in samples with limited
quantities of extracted RNA, or for analysis of low level
transcripts. The procedure amplifies defined mRNA
transcripts by taking advantageof retroviral enzymes with
reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, coupled to PCR.

11. College of Medical Laboratory Science, Sri Lanka (CMLS.SL)
No. 25/2, Norris Avenue, Colombo 10, SriLanka
www.cmlssl.org / kumudeshr@gmail.com / +94773077717