This presentation gives a detailed summary of what we know so far about severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 coronavirus (SARS- CoV-2) previously known as novel coronavirus. Transmission, signs and symptoms, treatment, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (CoVID-19) are also highlighted.

1. SEVEREACUTERESPIRATORY SYNDROME
CORONA VIRUS2
WHAT WE KNOW SO FAR
A SEMINAR PRESNTATION BY EKEMEZIE, CHIAGOZIEM HENRY

2. SEVERE ACUTE CORONA VIRUS 2
▪ What is a corona virus?
▪ Where did the virus originate?
▪ Transmission
▪ Signs and symptoms
▪ Prevention and control
▪ Treatment

3. WHAT IS A CORONA VIRUS?
▪ Name is derived from the Latin word corona, meaning “halo” or “crown”
▪ Image of the virus is evocative of a solar corona when viewed in an
electron microscope
▪ The shape is due to an array of surface projections on the viral envelope
▪ Coronaviruses are a group of RNA viruses
▪ It has the largest known RNA virus genome
▪ Coronaviruses are ubiquitous
▪ They cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases
such as SARS
▪ A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, is a new strain
that had not been previously identified in humans

4. Structure of Coronaviruses (Scientific Animations, 2020)

5. Electron Micrograph of SARS-CoV-2 Virons (NIAID, 2020)

6. ORIGIN
▪ Chinese health authorities are still trying to determine the origin
▪ Likely came from a seafood market in Wuhan where wildlife was
illegally traded
▪ Chinese researchers said the virus could have spread from an
infected animal species to humans through illegally-trafficked
pangolins
▪ According to WHO, an animal source most likely appears to be the
primary source of the outbreak
▪ Scientists have pointed to either bats or snakes as the original
source of the virus

7. TRANSMISSION
▪ Animal-to-person spread
▪ Early on, many of the patients in outbreak, reportedly had some link to a large seafood and animal
market
▪ Person-to-person spread
▪ However, a growing number of patients who have not had exposure to animal markets were infected
with the virus
▪ Spread from person-to-person happens with close contacts (about 6 feet) to an infected person
▪ Person-to-person spread occurs mainly via respiratory droplets produced when an infected person
coughs or sneezes
▪ These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into
the lungs
▪ People are thought to be most contagious when they are most symptomatic
▪ Presently it’s unclear if a person can get COVID-19 by touching a surface or object that has the virus on it
and then touching their own mouth, nose, or possibly their eyes

8. SARS-CoV-2 Emerging from a Human Cell (NIAID, 2020)

9. Timeline of Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 confirmed Cases (Metropolitan, 2020)

10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
▪ CDC believes at this time that symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 may
appear in as few as 2 days or as long as 14 after exposure
▪ These include:
▪ Fever
▪ Cough
▪ Shortness of breath
▪ Breathing difficulties
▪ Muscle pain
▪ Tiredness

11. PREVENTION AND CONTROL
▪ Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection
▪ Infection can best be prevented by avoiding exposure to the virus
▪ Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds
▪ after going to the bathroom
▪ before eating
▪ after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing
▪ If soap and water is not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with
a minimum of 60% alcohol
▪ Do not touch your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands

12. PREVENTION AND CONTROL
▪ Cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue, then throw the tissue in
the trash
▪ When you are sick, stay at home
▪ Avoid close contact with people who are sick
▪ Touched objects and surfaces should be cleaned and disinfected
frequently using a regular household cleaning spray or wipe

13. PREVENTION AND CONTROL
▪ Do not consume raw or undercooked animal products
▪ Avoid contact with potentially contaminated animal waste or fluids
on the soil or structures of shops and market facilities
▪ Handle raw meat, milk or animal organs with care, to avoid cross-
contamination with uncooked foods

14. TREATMENT
▪ Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended for
SARS-CoV-2 infection
▪ People infected with SARS-CoV-2 should receive supportive care to
help relieve symptoms
▪ Treatment should include care to support vital organ functions in
severe cases

15. THANK YOU