New Technologies In PV system

New Technologies in PV System
Presented By
Mohammad Zishan Alam
STEAG Energy Services India Pvt. Ltd.
Sunday, December 09, 20181

CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Working principle of PV system
3. Classification of PV Technology
4. Efficiency of PV cells
5. New Emerging Technology5. New Emerging Technology
6. Impacts on Environment
7. Economical Aspect
8. Indian Scenario
9. World Scenario
10. Future Prospects
11. Conclusion

1. Introduction
A photovoltaic cell (PV cell) is a specialized
semiconductor diode that converts visible light into
direct current (DC).
Some PV cells can also convert infrared(IR)or
ultraviolet (UV) radiation into DC electricity.
The first PV cells were made of silicon combined, orThe first PV cells were made of silicon combined, or
doped, with other elements to affect the behavior
of electrons or holes (electron absences within
atoms). Other materials, such as copper indium
diselenide (CIS), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and gallium
arsenide(GaAs), have been developed for use in PV
cells.

2. Working of PV system

3. Classification of PV Technology
PV Technology
1.Silicon1.Silicon
Crystalline
Technology
Mono
Crystalline PV
Cell
Multi
Crystalline PV
Cell
2.Thin Film
Technology
Amorphous
Silicon PV Cell
Poly
Crystalline
PV Cell

3.1 Silicon Crystalline Technology
It is very stable with module efficiencies 10 % to 20 %
Nowaday it cover up to 80 % to 85 % of PV market.
Mono Crystalline PV Cell Multi Crystalline PV Cell
• It is formed by single cylinder of Si. • It is formed by caste ingnot of
Melted and recrystallised Silicon.Melted and recrystallised Silicon.
• Operating efficiency upto 15 % • Cell efficiency=12%
Advantages & disadvantages
• Silicon is abundant and non toxic
• Efficiencies of 15%-20% are achievable
• Demonstrated > 20 years performance in field
• Potential for further cost reduction
• Costs are higher than desired Sunday, December 09, 20186

3.2 Thin Film Technology
Silicon deposited in a
continuous on a base material
such as glass , metal or
polymers.
Thin film crystalline solar cell
consists of layers about 10μmconsists of layers about 10μm
thick as compare with 200-
300μm layers for crystalline
silicon cells.
Low cost substrate and
fabrication process
Not very stable

3.3 Amorphous Silicon PV Cell
The most advanced of thin
film technologies
Operating efficiency ~6%
Makes up about 13% of PV
marketmarket
Mature manufacturing
technologies available
Initial 20-40% loss in
efficiency

3.4 Poly Crystalline PV Cell
Non-silicon based technology
operating efficiency ~6%
CADMIUM TELLURIDE ( CdTe)
Unlike most other ii/iv material
cdte exhibits direct band gap of
1.4ev and high absorption1.4ev and high absorption
coefficient
6-9% module efficiency
16% laboratory efficiency
Immature manufacturing
process

4. Efficiency of PV cells

4.1 Comparison of Efficiency

4.2 Impact of Temperature coefficient

5. New Emerging Technology
Electrochemical solar cell have their active
component in liquid phase
Dye sensitizers are used to absorb light and
create electron-hole pairs in nanocrystalline
titanium dioxide semiconductor layer.
CELL EFFICIENCY=7 %CELL EFFICIENCY=7 %

5.1 New Emerging Technology
ULTRA THIN WAFER SOLAR CELLS:
THICKNESS=45 μm
CELL EFFICIENCY 21%
ANTI- REFLECTION COATING
Low cost deposition techniques useLow cost deposition techniques use
a metal Organic titanium or
tantanum mixed with suitable
organic additives

6. Impact on Envoriment
Exhaustion of raw materials
Co2 emission during fabrication process acidification
Disposal problems of hazardous semi
Conductor material
In Spite Of All These Environmental concerns,
Solar Photovoltaic Is One Of The Cleanest
Form Of Energy.

7.Economical aspect
Pv unit : price per peak watt (wp)
Peak watt is the amount of power output a pv module
produces at standard test conditions (stc) of a module
operating temperature of 25°c in full noontime
sunshine (irradiance) of 1,000watts per square metersunshine (irradiance) of 1,000watts per square meter
A typical 1kwp system produces approximately 1600-
2000 kwh energy in india and australia
A typical 2000 watt peak (2KWP) SOLAR ENERGY
System costing rs 440000 (including installation) will
correspond to a price of rs 220/wp

8.Indian scenario
In terms of overall installed PV capacity, India comes after
China,Japan, Germany and U.S. (With Installed capacity of
26 GW ).
In the area of Photovoltaics India today is the second
largest manufacturer in the world of PV panels based on
crystalline solar cells. (Industrial production in this area hascrystalline solar cells. (Industrial production in this area has
reached a level of 11 MW per year which is about 10% of
the world’s total PV production).
A major drive has also been initiated by the Government to
export Indian PV products, systems, technologies and
services (Solar Photovoltaic plant and equipment has been
exported to countries in the Middle East and Africa).

9.World scenario
Through out the world the growth of photovoltic is
extremely dynamic and varies strongly by country.
Worldwide total photovoltaic installation is more than
75GW.
At present solar photovoltaic is not the prime contributor
to the electrical capacities but the pace at which
advancement of PV technology and with the rising demandadvancement of PV technology and with the rising demand
of cleaner source of energy it is expected by 2030 solar PV
will have a leading role in electricity generation,
Research is underway for new fabrication techniques, like
those used for microchips. Alternative materials like
cadmium sulfide and gallium arsenide ,thin-film cells are in
development

10.Future Prospects
BY 2020 global solar output could be 276 Terawatt
hours, which would equal 30% of Africa's energy
needs or 1% of global demand.
This would replace the output of 75 new coal fired
power stations.
The global solar infrastructure would have anThe global solar infrastructure would have an
investment value of US$75 billion a year. By 2040
global solar output could be more than 9000 Terawatt
hours, or 26% of the expected global demand.
Report European Photovoltaic Industry
Association (EPIA) and Greenpeace

11.Conclusion
The key to successful solar energy installation is to use
quality components that have long lifetimes and require
minimal maintenance.
The future is bright for continued pv technology
dissemination
Pv technology fills a significant need in supplyingPv technology fills a significant need in supplying
electricity, creating local jobs and promoting economic
development in rural areas, avoiding the external
environmental costs associated with traditional electrical
generation technologies.
Major power policy reforms and tax incentives will play a
major role if all the above said is to be effectively realized.

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