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Challenges Facing Vulnerable Children
- 1. CHILDREN IN DIFFICULT CIRCUMSTANCES 1. Barred from the benefits meant for all children. 2. Belong to a group with difficulties of access. • Homeless children (Pavement dwellers, displaced/ evicted etc) • Orphaned or Abandoned children • Children whose parents are not able to take care of them or are separated • Migrant and refugee children • Street Children or Working Children
- 2. • Trafficked Children • Children of Sex Workers or Prisoners • Children Affected by conflicts or natural disasters or HIV/ AIDS • Children Suffering From Terminal Diseases • Girl Child • Children With Disabilities and Related Special Means • Children institutional care Eg: Charitable Institutions • Children in conflict with law or are victims of crime
- 3. GIRL CHILD AND GENDER BIAS YEARS PROBLEMS FACED Before Birth to 1 Year • Being unwanted, Risk of Prenatal detection • Foeticide and Infanticide • Discrimination in breast feeding and Infant food • Neglect of Health 1 to 5 Years • Discrimination in access to food • Poor health attention • Poor access to health care, high risk of nutritional deficiencies • Limits on permitted learning and play activities • Child marriages (in some areas) • Sexual abuse • Domestic duties or chores
- 4. 6 to 11 years • Malnutrition, anaemia • Diarrhoea • Low School enrolment • Child marriage, Trafficking, Child Labour, Abuse, Violence, Exploitation • Domestic work load 12 to 18 years • Poor health, poor health attention • Malnutrition and severe anaemia • Child marriage and early child bearing, frequent pregnancy coupled with abortions • Low literacy • Denied access to services • Domestic violence, dowry harassment, polygamy, divorce • Child labour, trafficking • STDs
- 5. CHILD ABUSE • Physical Violence, Sexual Abuse, Mental and emotional maltreatment, neglect, deprivation, lack of opportunity • Factors – Poverty, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, Loneliness, Immaturity Etc • Supportive home visitors, legal help, Education, Strengthening the Individual and family
- 6. STREET CHILDREN • Live & work on street with their families • Live on streets by themselves or in groups (remote access to home) • Orphans, refugees, runaways • High risk malnutrition, TB, STDs, Parasite and worm infestation and skin diseases • Use and trafficking of alcohol or drugs • Integrated programme for street children • Integrated child protection scheme
- 7. CHILD MARRIAGE • Still Present in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh (MP), Uttar Pradesh (UP) when girl reaches around 15 years • 1929- Sharda Act • 1978 - The Child Marriage Restraint Act (Legal Age 15 years to 18 years for girls & 18 yeas to 21 years for boys • 2006 – The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act - To prohibit child marriage - Protect and provide relief to victim - Punishment
- 8. CHILD DISPLACEMENT 1. Orphanages 2. Forster Homes - with an extended or unrelated family member 3. Adoption 4. Borstals - Youth Detention Centres - To Train & Reform Boys over 16 years
- 9. CHILD DISPLACEMENT 5. Remand Homes - Under care of doctors - to Improve mental and physical wellbeing - Elementary Schooling - Games & Other Recreational activities
- 10. CHILD LABOUR • poor socioeconomic class (rural areas), unemployment and illiteracy • Forced Labour 1. Domestic Service 2. Debt Bondage • India – Largest number of child labour in the world (20% of India’s GNP) • J&K – Highest percentage of child labour • ILO – 15 as the minimum work age (13 for light work) • The Child Labour (Prohibition and regulation act) 1986