The document discusses children with special needs and special education. It defines an exceptional child as one who deviates physically, mentally, emotionally or socially from normal children and requires special education services. It notes that 10% of the world's population, or 650 million people, live with disabilities, with 80% residing in developing countries. In India, 26.8 million people, or 2.21% of the total population, have disabilities. Special education aims to ensure students with disabilities can be educated effectively through specialized teaching techniques, materials, and facilities. The three models of special education are segregated, integrated, and inclusive education.

1. Dr. Showkeen Bilal Gul
Assistant Professor
GDC, Pulwama

2. Who qualifies as a child
with special needs?

3. Exceptional child is one who deviates from the
normal child in physical, mental, emotional and
social characteristics to an extent that he requires
special educational services.
650 million people or 10% of the world’s population
lives with a disability (world Bank Report, 2019)
80% of these people with disabilities live in
developing countries.

4.  Out of 650 million disable persons of World
10 percent are in India.(Salamanca Statement,
UNESCO, 1994)
 India census 2011 reports that 26.8 million
persons in the Indian total population (2.21%)
are disabled
 1.67% of the total population within the age
group 0-19 years (7 million) are living with
disability.
 One in every 10 children is born with, or
acquires, a physical, mental or sensory
disability.
 75% of the disabilities are preventable.

5.  Special People are those who need special
Education and related services. They include a
child who has :
 an Intellectual Disability,
 a Hearing Impairment (including deafness),
 a Speech or language Impairment,
 a Visual Impairment (including blindness),
 a Serious Emotional Disturbance,
 an Orthopedic Impairment,
 Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD):
Persistent challenges in social interaction, speech and nonverbal
communication and restricted behaviour

6.  Globally, children with disabilities
count for one-third of all children out
of school.
 In developing countries, the numbers
are even more staggering, with 90% of
all children with disabilities out of
school (UNESCO,2009)

7.  Special Education is Instruction Based
Programme that is specifically designed to
meet the Special Needs of the children with
disabilities.
 Special Education means specially designed
instructions that meet the Unusual Needs of
the Exceptional students.
 Special Education aims at to ensure that
students with disabilities are provided with
the environment that allows them to be
educated effectively.

8.  Specialized Teaching Techniques
 Special Materials
 Special Facilities

9.  Early identification and assessment of special
needs.
 Early intervention to prevent disabilities.
 Parent counselling about prevention and
remediation of defects, care and training
 Community mobilization and awareness
 Responding to personalised learning styles
and preferences: (e.g. visual / auditory /
kinaesthetic modes of learning.

10.  Three basic models of special education.
 Segregated education
 Integrated education
 Inclusive education

11. Segregated education occurs
when students with disabilities
learn completely separate from
their peers
Segregation generates
 a feeling of inferiority in
respects of child’s status in the
community which may affect his
emotional and cognitive
development.
 Lack of confidence, motivation,
and positive expectation for
achievements are the product of
segregated learning
environment (Stainback and
Forrest, 1989).

12.  Integration places students in a mainstream
classroom with some ‘adaptation and
resources’. But without any ideological
commitment to equity.

13.  Inclusive education is a process of
strengthening the capacity of the education
to reach out to all learners.
 It involves restructuring the culture, polices
and practices in schools so that they can
respond to the diversity of students in their
locality.(Policy Guidelines on inclusion in
education, UNESCO 2009)

14.  ‘inclusive education as a cheap alternative” to
other special education programes, specially
for developing countries.
 about ten years later, the UN made 1981 the
UN year of the disabled person.

15.  A large number of disabilities in India are
preventable, including those arising from
malnutrition, accidents and injuries as well as
medical issues during pregnancy or birth.
 Measures must be taken to ensure that
children with disabilities are registered
immediately after birth as well as to provide
rehabilitation service.

16. The RCI is the apex government body to:
 Regulate training programmes in the field of
rehabilitation of persons with disabilities.
 To bring about standardization of training
courses for professionals dealing with persons
with disabilities.
 To recognize degree/diploma/certificate in the
field of rehabilitation of persons with disabilities.
 To promote research in Rehabilitation and special
education.
 To maintain central rehabilitation register for
registration of professionals/personnel.
 To recognize vocational rehabilitation centres as
manpower development.

20. THANK YOU