1. The document discusses the evolution of cellular network generations from 1G to 5G. 1G networks introduced the concept of dividing geographic areas into cells served by base stations for frequency reuse. 2G networks digitized signals and introduced SMS. 3G brought faster internet speeds and more data services like video calls. 4G saw further increased speeds up to 1Gbps and mobile broadband. 5G is expected to converge technologies like nanotechnology and cloud computing to provide ultra-high broadband speeds and low latency wireless connectivity.
A Short Presentation of Inevitable 5G - 5th GenerationVaibhav Dwivedi
5G is in much talks and it is almost upon us. Wondering what it can do to you on individual level or on your business level?
Check out this short presentation on everything you need to know about 5G.
A Short Presentation of Inevitable 5G - 5th GenerationVaibhav Dwivedi
5G is in much talks and it is almost upon us. Wondering what it can do to you on individual level or on your business level?
Check out this short presentation on everything you need to know about 5G.
In this PPT I gived the knowledge about 5G technology and also gived generations.I hoped this is the best for you and it will help you for your study and career also.
New carrier technique for 5G mobile communicationmohamed naeem
in that slide , i have presented the evolution of mobile technology as an introduction , presenting the mobile generations and it's relation to the radio spectrum, also i have focused on the concept of new carrier types and how it will work in the 5th generation.
Introduction and Evolution of 4G
System key components of 4G
Applications of 4G
Introduction and Evolution of 5G
Key Concepts & Features of 5G
Application of 5G
5G technology is growing in terms of both size and importance. There are many issues with 5G including the capital investment to upgrade the telecom equipment to handle 5G.
This presentation is all about all the generation networks,their features,benefits and drawbacks,Their is also a brief comparison of all the generation networks.
The internet technology is divided into many stages and one of them is 1G. The topics cover up in this : history, explanation, flaws and future version.
In this PPT I gived the knowledge about 5G technology and also gived generations.I hoped this is the best for you and it will help you for your study and career also.
New carrier technique for 5G mobile communicationmohamed naeem
in that slide , i have presented the evolution of mobile technology as an introduction , presenting the mobile generations and it's relation to the radio spectrum, also i have focused on the concept of new carrier types and how it will work in the 5th generation.
Introduction and Evolution of 4G
System key components of 4G
Applications of 4G
Introduction and Evolution of 5G
Key Concepts & Features of 5G
Application of 5G
5G technology is growing in terms of both size and importance. There are many issues with 5G including the capital investment to upgrade the telecom equipment to handle 5G.
This presentation is all about all the generation networks,their features,benefits and drawbacks,Their is also a brief comparison of all the generation networks.
The internet technology is divided into many stages and one of them is 1G. The topics cover up in this : history, explanation, flaws and future version.
Research from mobile survey company, On Device Research, which was conducted directly on the mobile internet, has revealed a new internet audience.
More than 50% of Asian and African mobile internet users as well as more than 20% of users in developed markets, such as the UK and US do not use the internet on a PC.
The deck shows the profile of this new generation of internet users and is the first in a series of free quarterly reports.
5 G SYSTEMS IS THE FUTURE WILL BE FAST WITH UNIMAGINABLE SPEED AND WITH LOTS OF SERVICES.Though 5G is still in development stage it has lots of promising features that will definitely change our future. For this data hungry and speed loving generation 5G will definitely be the hottest technology and it will certainly make our future really exciting. In this article we will see how the mobile networks have evolved and what will be the future of mobile network and of course about 5G network.
Mobile broadband is becoming a reality, as the Internet generation grows accustomed to having broadband access wherever they go, Out of 5.8 billion people who will have broadband by 2017. It should surprise no one that the Smartphone revolution is fueling this growth, and by 2017, half of all mobile devices in the world will be smart phones. The key to keeping users happy is network performance and good value for the money. From the looks of it, we are on track to seeing continued network performance improvements and increasingly easier access to smart phones as developing markets hop on the bandwagon.
An Overview of 5G Wireless Cellular TechnologiesEditor IJCATR
5G technology stands for fifth Generation Mobile technology. From generation 1G to 2G and from 3G to 5G this
world has revolutionized by improvements of wireless network. This revolution brought up some drastic changes in our social
life .This paper also focuses on all preceding generations of mobile communication along with fifth generation technology. Fifth
generation network provide cost-effective broadband wireless connectivity (very high speed), which will be probably 1gigbit per
second Speed. The paper throws light on network architecture of fifth generation technology. Currently 5G term is not
officially used. Fifth generation negotiate on (Voice over IP) VOIP-enabled devices that user will get a high level of call volume
and data transmission. Fifth generation technology will be done all the requirements of customers who always want advanced
features in cellular phones. The main features in 5G mobile network is that user connect to the multiple wireless technologies at
the same time and can switch between them. This forthcoming mobile technology will support IPv6 and flat IP. Fifth generation
technology will offer the services like Documentation, supporting electronic transactions (e-Payments, e-transactions) etc. Index
Terms— 5G, 5G Architecture, Evolution from 1G to 5G, Comparison of all Generations.
The cellular networks are evolving through several generations .The first generation (1G) wireless mobile communication network was analog system which was used for public voice service with the speed up to 2.4kbps.
The second generation (2G) is based on digital technology and network infrastructure. As compared to the first generation, the second generation can support text messaging. Its success and the growth of demand for online information via the internet prompted the development of cellular wireless system with improved data connectivity, which ultimately lead to the third generation systems (3G).
3G systems refer to the developing technology standards for the next generation of mobile communications systems. One of the main goals of the standardization efforts of 3G is to create a universal infrastructure that is able to support existing and future services. This requires that the infrastructure be designed so that it can evolve as technology changes, without compromising the existing services on the existing networks. Separation of access technology, transport technology, service technology and user application from each other make this demanding requirement possible. Wireless phone standards have a life of their own. You can tell, because they are spoken of reverently in terms of generations. There's Great-Granddad, whose pioneering story pre-dates cellular; Grandma and Grandpa 1G, or analog cellular, Mom and Dad 2G, or digital cellular; 3G wireless.
The
creation and entry of 5G technology into the mobile marketplace will launch a new
revolution in the way international cellular plans are offered. The global mobile
phone is upon the cell phone market. Just around the corner, the newest 5G
technologies will hit the mobile market with phones used in China being able to
access and call locally phones in Germany.
5 G Mobile Technology PPT by N Krishna Chandunkrishnachandu
5G technologies will change the way most high-bandwidth users access their phones. With 5G pushed over a VOIP-enabled device, people will experience a level of call volume and data transmission never experienced before.5G technology is offering the services in Product Engineering, Documentation, supporting electronic transactions (e-Payments, e-transactions) etc.
5G Technology stands for the 5th Generation Mobile technology. 5G is a next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the 4G standards. 5G is expected to provide speed upto 10Gbit/s, wider frequency band,
high increased peak bit rate, high system spectral efficiency, ubiquitous connectivity and a significant increase in QoS as
compared to current 4G technology. Evolution of mobile communication technology to 5G is discussed in this review, followed by protocol stack and 5G architecture. A wide comparison is given between the various generations so as to compare why 5G technology is better and needed.
Today wireless services are the most preferred services of the world. The rapid increase in
the service is due to the advancement of technology consecutively. As a subscriber becomes more
aware of the mobile phone technology, he/she will seek for an appropriate package all together, and
including all the advanced features of a cellular phone can have. Hence, the search for new
technology is always the main intention of the prime cell phone giants to out innovate their
competitors. In addition, the main purpose of the fifth generation wireless networks (5G Wireless
networks) is planned to design the best wireless world that is free from limitations and hindrance of
the previous generations. 5G technologies will change the way most high bandwidth users access
their Mobile Radio Communication (MRC). So, this paper represents, great evolution of 1G (First
Generation) to 4G yield 5G, introduction to 5G technologies, why there is a need for 5G, advantages
of 5G networks technology, exceptional applications, Quality of Service (QoS), 5G network
architecture.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
3. 1G FIRST Generation
1G cellular networks were invented in the 1980s.
The key idea behind 1G was that the
geographical area is divided into cells (typically
10-25km), each served by a “base station.” Cells
are small so that frequency reuse can be
exploited in nearby (but not adjacent) cells. This
allows many more users to be supported in a
given area. All 1G systems were analog systems
popularly known as early cellular phone
technology working in the frequency band of 150
MHz. The first commercially automated cellular
network (the 1G generation) was launched in
Japan by NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone)
in 1979, initially in the metropolitan area of Tokyo.
Within five years,
4. the NTT network had been expanded to cover the
whole population of Japan and became the first
nationwide 1G network. Technologies under 1G:
1G comprised of the following Mobile
technologies: Mobile Telephone Systems (MTS),
Advance Mobile Telephone Systems (AMTS),
Push To Talk (PTT) and Improved Mobile
Telephone Service (IMTS).
5. 2G Second Generation
2G cellular telecom networks were commercially
launched on the GSM standard in Finland by
Radiolinja in 1991. 2G used digital signals for
voice transmission and had a speed up to 64
kbps. It also provided the facility of Short
Message Service (From now on, referenced as
SMS) and used the bandwidth range of 30 - 200
KHz. Technologies under 2G: 2G comprised of
the following Mobile technologies: General
Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Code Division
Multiple Access (CDMA), Global System for
Mobile Communication (GSM) and Enhanced
Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE).
6. Some key benefits of 2G Network over its
predecessors was that, Digital Encryption was
supported by 2G systems which had higher
penetration efficiency thereby being more efficient
on network spectrum. Moreover, 2G introduced
several data services for mobile, the most
prominent one being the famous SMS text
messages. After 2G was launched, the previous
mobile telephone systems were coined as 1G
Systems. Although it has been eons since its
inception, 2G networks are still used in many
parts of the world.
7. 3G Third Generation
International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT--
2000), better known as 3G or 3rd Generation, is a
generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile
telecommunications services fulfilling the International
Telecommunication Union. [3]It uses Wide Brand
Wireless Network with which clarity is increased. The
data are sent through the technology called Packet
Switching. Voice calls are interpreted through Circuit
Switching. Along with verbal communication it
includes data services, access to television/video,
new services like Global Roaming. It operates at a
range of 2100MHz and has a bandwidth of 15-20MHz
used for High-speed internet service, video
chatting.3G uses Wide Band Voice Channel that is by
this the world has been contracted to a little village
because a person can contact with other person
located in any part of the world and can even send
messages too
8. Technologies under 3G: 2G comprised of the
following Mobile technologies: 3G Technology
comprises of Wideband CDMA, WLAN,
Bluetooth, Universal Mobile telecommunication
Systems (UMTS), High Speed Downlink Packet
Access (HSDPA). Data are sent through packet
switching. Voice calls are interpreted using circuit
switching. It also provides facilities such as Global
Roaming Clarity in voice calls, Fast
Communication, Internet, Mobile T.V, Video
Conferencing, Video Calls, Multi Media
Messaging Service (MMS), 3D gaming and
Multiplayer Gaming
9. 4G Fourth Generation
In March 2008, the International Telecommunications
Union-Radio communications sector (ITU-R) specified
a set of requirements for 4G standards, named the
International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced
(IMT-Advanced) specification, setting peak speed
requirements for 4G service at 100 megabits per
second (Mbit/s) for high mobility communication (such
as from trains and cars) and 1 gigabit per second
(Gbit/s) for low mobility communication (such as
pedestrians and stationary users). A 4G system not
only provides voice and other 3G services but also
provides ultra broad band network access to mobile
devices. Applications vary from IP telephony, HD
Mobile Television, video conferencing to gaming
services and cloud computing. One of the initial
devices to access 4G network was USB wireless
modem which was later followed by cellular phones
with Wi Max and LTE technology.
10. Technologies under 4G: 4G comprised of the
following Mobile technologies: Long Term
Evolution (LTE) Standard based on the
GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA, 3rd Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP), Multiple In Multiple
Output (MIMO) smart antenna technology,
Orthogonal Frequency Digital Multiplexing
(OFDM), 802.16e - Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access (WiMAX), 802.20 - Mobile
Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA)
11. Fifth Generation 5G
The 5G Nanocore is a convergence of the below
mentioned technologies. These technologies have their
own impact on exiting wireless network which makes them
in to 5G. They are Nano technology, Cloud Computing, All
IP Platform.Nano technology is the application of nano-
science to control process on nanometer scale i.e.
between 0.1 and 100nm. The field is also known as
molecular nanotechnology (MNT). MNT deals with control
of the structure of matter based on atom-by-atom and
molecule by molecule engineering . Nanotechnology has
shown its impact on both mobile as well as the core
network. Apart from this, it has its own impact on sensor as
well as security. This is considered as a most significant in
telecommunication . Cloud computing is a technology that
uses the internet and central remote server to maintain
data and applications. In 5G network, this central remote
server will be our content provider. Cloud computing allows
consumers and business to use applications without
installation and access their personal files at any computer
with internet access.
12. The same concept is going to be used in Nanocore
where the user tries to access his private account
from a global content provider through Nanocore in
form of cloud. The development of cloud computing
provides operators with tremendous opportunities.
Since cloud computing relies on the networks, it
shows the significance of networks and promotes
network development.It also requires secure and
reliable service providers, capabilities that operators
have deep expertise in. Operators can enter the cloud
computing market and create new value-added
services and experiences by integrating industry
content and applications in the digital supermarket
model. This could make users to obtain much more
13. Features of 5G Technology
5G technology offer high resolution for cell phone
users and bi-directional large band width. The
advanced billing interfaces of 5G technology
makes it more attractive and effective. 5G
technology also provides subscriber supervision
tools for fast action. The high quality services of
5G technology based on Policy to avoid error. 5G
technology is providing large broadcasting of data
in Gigabit which will support almost 65,000
connections. The traffic statistics by 5G
technology makes it more accurate. Through
remote management offered by 5G technology a
user can get better and fast solution. The
uploading and downloading speed of 5G
technology touching the peak.